Economic Inequality And Higher Education

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Economic Inequality and Higher Education

Stacy Dickert-Conlin,Ross Rubenstien
Economic Inequality and Higher Education Book PDF

Author : Stacy Dickert-Conlin,Ross Rubenstien
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
Page : 224 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2007-06-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610441568

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Economic Inequality and Higher Education by Stacy Dickert-Conlin,Ross Rubenstien Pdf

The vast disparities in college attendance and graduation rates between students from different class backgrounds is a growing social concern. Economic Inequality and Higher Education investigates the connection between income inequality and unequal access to higher education, and proposes solutions that the state and federal governments and schools themselves can undertake to make college accessible to students from all backgrounds. Economic Inequality and Higher Education convenes experts from the fields of education, economics, and public policy to assess the barriers that prevent low-income students from completing college. For many students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds, the challenge isn't getting into college, but getting out with a degree. Helping this group will require improving the quality of education in the community colleges and lower-tier public universities they are most likely to attend. Documenting the extensive disjuncture between the content of state-mandated high school testing and college placement exams, Michael Kirst calls for greater alignment between K-12 and college education. Amanda Pallais and Sarah Turner examine barriers to access at elite universities for low-income students—including tuition costs, lack of information, and poor high school records—as well as recent initiatives to increase socioeconomic diversity at private and public universities. Top private universities have increased the level and transparency of financial aid, while elite public universities have focused on outreach, mentoring, and counseling, and both sets of reforms show signs of success. Ron Ehrenberg notes that financial aid policies in both public and private universities have recently shifted towards merit-based aid, away from the need-based aid that is most helpful to low-income students. Ehrenberg calls on government policy makers to create incentives for colleges to increase their representation of low-income students. Higher education is often vaunted as the primary engine of upward mobility. Instead, as inequality in America rises, colleges may be reproducing income disparities from one generation to the next. Economic Inequality and Higher Education illuminates this worrisome trend and suggests reforms that educational institutions and the government must implement to make the dream of a college degree a reality for all motivated students.

Low-Income Students and the Perpetuation of Inequality

Gary A. Berg
Low Income Students and the Perpetuation of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Gary A. Berg
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2016-05-13
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781317103158

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Low-Income Students and the Perpetuation of Inequality by Gary A. Berg Pdf

Drawing upon quantitative data gathered from the U.S. Census and U.S. Department of Education, as well as interviews with students from a variety of socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds, Low-Income Students and the Perpetuation of Inequality examines the question of who really benefits from public higher education. It engages with questions of social capital, opportunity, funding and access to education, presenting a rich discussion of social mobility, the value of college education and the impact of education upon the redistribution of income. A thorough exploration of the real impact of college on American society, this volume will appeal to social scientists with interests in education, social capital, social stratification, class and social mobility.

Unequal Higher Education

Barrett J. Taylor,Brendan Cantwell
Unequal Higher Education Book PDF

Author : Barrett J. Taylor,Brendan Cantwell
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
Page : 217 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780813593517

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Unequal Higher Education by Barrett J. Taylor,Brendan Cantwell Pdf

American higher education is often understood as a vehicle for social advancement. However, the institutions at which students enroll differ widely from one another. Some enjoy tremendous endowment savings and/or collect resources via research, which then offsets the funds that students contribute. Other institutions rely heavily on student tuition payments. These schools may struggle to remain solvent, and their students often bear the lion’s share of educational costs. Unequal Higher Education identifies and explains the sources of stratification that differentiate colleges and universities in the United States. Barrett J. Taylor and Brendan Cantwell use quantitative analysis to map the contours of this system. They then explain the mechanisms that sustain it and illustrate the ways in which rising institutional inequality has limited individual opportunity, especially for students of color and low-income individuals.

Educating Inequality

Robert Samuels
Educating Inequality Book PDF

Author : Robert Samuels
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2017-07-06
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781351619486

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Educating Inequality by Robert Samuels Pdf

Politicians and school officials often argue that higher education is the solution to many of our social, and economic problems. Educating Inequality argues that in order to reduce inequality and enhance social mobility, public policies are needed to revamp the financial aid system and increase the number of good jobs. Exploring topics such as the fairness of the current social system, the focus on individual competition in an unequal society, and democracy and capitalism in higher education, this important book seeks to uncover the major myths that shape how people view higher education and its relation to the economy. Looking to models that generate economic mobility and social equality, this book advocates a broader vision for public higher education to promote universal equality and global awareness.

Degrees of Inequality

Suzanne Mettler
Degrees of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Suzanne Mettler
Publisher : Basic Books (AZ)
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780465044962

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Degrees of Inequality by Suzanne Mettler Pdf

America’s higher education system is failing its students. In the space of a generation, we have gone from being the best-educated society in the world to one surpassed by eleven other nations in college graduation rates. Higher education is evolving into a caste system with separate and unequal tiers that take in students from different socio-economic backgrounds and leave them more unequal than when they first enrolled. Until the 1970s, the United States had a proud history of promoting higher education for its citizens. The Morrill Act, the G.I. Bill and Pell Grants enabled Americans from across the income spectrum to attend college and the nation led the world in the percentage of young adults with baccalaureate degrees. Yet since 1980, progress has stalled. Young adults from low to middle income families are not much more likely to graduate from college than four decades ago. When less advantaged students do attend, they are largely sequestered into inferior and often profit-driven institutions, from which many emerge without degrees—and shouldering crushing levels of debt. In Degrees of Inequality, acclaimed political scientist Suzanne Mettler explains why the system has gone so horribly wrong and why the American Dream is increasingly out of reach for so many. In her eye-opening account, she illuminates how political partisanship has overshadowed America’s commitment to equal access to higher education. As politicians capitulate to corporate interests, owners of for-profit colleges benefit, but for far too many students, higher education leaves them with little besides crippling student loan debt. Meanwhile, the nation’s public universities have shifted the burden of rising costs onto students. In an era when a college degree is more linked than ever before to individual—and societal—well-being, these pressures conspire to make it increasingly difficult for students to stay in school long enough to graduate. By abandoning their commitment to students, politicians are imperiling our highest ideals as a nation. Degrees of Inequality offers an impassioned call to reform a higher education system that has come to exacerbate, rather than mitigate, socioeconomic inequality in America.

Can College Level the Playing Field?

Sandy Baum,Michael McPherson
Can College Level the Playing Field Book PDF

Author : Sandy Baum,Michael McPherson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-05-17
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780691210933

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Can College Level the Playing Field? by Sandy Baum,Michael McPherson Pdf

Why higher education is not a silver bullet for eradicating economic inequality and social injustice We often think that a college degree will open doors to opportunity regardless of one’s background or upbringing. In this eye-opening book, two of today’s leading economists argue that higher education alone cannot overcome the lasting effects of inequality that continue to plague us, and offer sensible solutions for building a more just and equitable society. Sandy Baum and Michael McPherson document the starkly different educational and social environments in which children of different races and economic backgrounds grow up, and explain why social equity requires sustained efforts to provide the broadest possible access to high-quality early childhood and K–12 education. They dismiss panaceas like eliminating college tuition and replacing the classroom experience with online education, revealing why they fail to provide better education for those who need it most, and discuss how wages in our dysfunctional labor market are sharply skewed toward the highly educated. Baum and McPherson argue that greater investment in the postsecondary institutions that educate most low-income and marginalized students will have a bigger impact than just getting more students from these backgrounds into the most prestigious colleges and universities. While the need for reform extends far beyond our colleges and universities, there is much that both academic and government leaders can do to mitigate the worst consequences of America’s deeply seated inequalities. This book shows how we can address the root causes of social injustice and level the playing field for students and families before, during, and after college.

The Working Classes and Higher Education

Amy E. Stich,Carrie Freie
The Working Classes and Higher Education Book PDF

Author : Amy E. Stich,Carrie Freie
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-12-22
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781317444923

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The Working Classes and Higher Education by Amy E. Stich,Carrie Freie Pdf

Within the broader context of the global knowledge economy, wherein the "college-for-all" discourse grows more and more pervasive and systems of higher education become increasingly stratified by social class, important and timely questions emerge regarding the future social location and mobility of the working classes. Though the working classes look very different from the working classes of previous generations, the weight of a universal working-class identity/background amounts to much of the same economic vulnerability and negative cultural stereotypes, all of which continue to present obstacles for new generations of working-class youth, many of whom pursue higher education as a necessity rather than a "choice." Using a sociological lens, contributors examine the complicated relationship between the working classes and higher education through students’ distinct experiences, challenges, and triumphs during three moments on a transitional continuum: the transition from secondary to higher education; experiences within higher education; and the transition from higher education to the workforce. In doing so, this volume challenges the popular notion of higher education as a means to equality of opportunity and social mobility for working-class students.

Mitigating Inequality

Anonim
Mitigating Inequality Book PDF

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-12-04
Category : Education
ISBN : 9781785602900

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Mitigating Inequality by Anonim Pdf

As colleges and universities extend academic programs abroad, develop internationally mixed research teams and create international curricular initiatives, it is essential to ensure that access to a high quality education remains a key component of the research and policy agenda transnationally.

Higher Education and Social Inequalities

Richard Waller,Nicola Ingram,Michael R.M. Ward
Higher Education and Social Inequalities Book PDF

Author : Richard Waller,Nicola Ingram,Michael R.M. Ward
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-08-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781315449708

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Higher Education and Social Inequalities by Richard Waller,Nicola Ingram,Michael R.M. Ward Pdf

A university education has long been seen as the gateway to upward social mobility for individuals from lower socio-economic backgrounds, and as a way of reproducing social advantage for the better off. With the number of young people from the very highest socio-economic groups entering university in the UK having effectively been at saturation point for several decades, the expansion witnessed in participation rates over the last few decades has largely been achieved by a modest broadening of the base of the undergraduate population in terms of both social class and ethnic diversity. However, a growing body of evidence exists in the continuation of unequal graduate outcomes. This can be seen in terms of employment trajectories in the UK. The issue of just who enjoys access to which university, and the experiences and outcomes of graduates from different institutions remain central to questions of social justice, notably higher education’s contribution to social mobility and to the reproduction of social inequality. This collection of contemporary original writings explores these issues in a range of specific contexts, and through employing a range of theoretical and methodological approaches. The relationship between higher education and social mobility has probably never been under closer scrutiny. This volume will appeal to academics, policy makers, and commentators alike. Higher Education and Social Inequalities is an important contribution to the public and academic debate.

Paying for the Party

Elizabeth A. Armstrong,Laura T. Hamilton
Paying for the Party Book PDF

Author : Elizabeth A. Armstrong,Laura T. Hamilton
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780674073548

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Paying for the Party by Elizabeth A. Armstrong,Laura T. Hamilton Pdf

Two young women, dormitory mates, embark on their education at a big state university. Five years later, one is earning a good salary at a prestigious accounting firm. With no loans to repay, she lives in a fashionable apartment with her fiancé. The other woman, saddled with burdensome debt and a low GPA, is still struggling to finish her degree in tourism. In an era of skyrocketing tuition and mounting concern over whether college is "worth it," Paying for the Party is an indispensable contribution to the dialogue assessing the state of American higher education. A powerful exposé of unmet obligations and misplaced priorities, it explains in vivid detail why so many leave college with so little to show for it. Drawing on findings from a five-year interview study, Elizabeth Armstrong and Laura Hamilton bring us to the campus of "MU," a flagship Midwestern public university, where we follow a group of women drawn into a culture of status seeking and sororities. Mapping different pathways available to MU students, the authors demonstrate that the most well-resourced and seductive route is a "party pathway" anchored in the Greek system and facilitated by the administration. This pathway exerts influence over the academic and social experiences of all students, and while it benefits the affluent and well-connected, Armstrong and Hamilton make clear how it seriously disadvantages the majority. Eye-opening and provocative, Paying for the Party reveals how outcomes can differ so dramatically for those whom universities enroll.

Degrees of Inequality

Ann L. Mullen
Degrees of Inequality Book PDF

Author : Ann L. Mullen
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2011-01-03
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780801899126

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Degrees of Inequality by Ann L. Mullen Pdf

2011 Educator's Award. Delta Kappa Gamma Society International2011 Outstanding Publication in Postsecondary Education, American Educational Research Association, Division J Degrees of Inequality reveals the powerful patterns of social inequality in American higher education by analyzing how the social background of students shapes nearly every facet of the college experience. Even as the most prestigious institutions claim to open their doors to students from diverse backgrounds, class disparities remain. Just two miles apart stand two institutions that represent the stark class contrast in American higher education. Yale, an elite Ivy League university, boasts accomplished alumni, including national and world leaders in business and politics. Southern Connecticut State University graduates mostly commuter students seeking credential degrees in fields with good job prospects. Ann L. Mullen interviewed students from both universities and found that their college choices and experiences were strongly linked to social background and gender. Yale students, most having generations of family members with college degrees, are encouraged to approach their college years as an opportunity for intellectual and personal enrichment. Southern students, however, perceive a college degree as a path to a better career, and many work full- or part-time jobs to help fund their education. Moving interviews with 100 students at the two institutions highlight how American higher education reinforces the same inequities it has been aiming to transcend.

Unequal Colleges in the Age of Disparity

Charles T. Clotfelter
Unequal Colleges in the Age of Disparity Book PDF

Author : Charles T. Clotfelter
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 380 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-30
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780674982512

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Unequal Colleges in the Age of Disparity by Charles T. Clotfelter Pdf

Based on quantitative comparisons of colleges since the 1970s, Charles Clotfelter reveals that despite the civil rights revolution, billions spent on financial aid, and the commitment of colleges to greater equality, stratification in higher education has grown starker. He explains why undergraduate education—unequal in 1970—is even more so today.

Higher Education, Meritocracy and Inequality in China

Ye Liu
Higher Education Meritocracy and Inequality in China Book PDF

Author : Ye Liu
Publisher : Springer
Page : 221 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2016-10-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9789811015885

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Higher Education, Meritocracy and Inequality in China by Ye Liu Pdf

This book investigates the changing opportunities in higher education for different social groups during China’s transition from the socialist regime to a market economy. The first part of the book provides a historical and comparative analysis of the development of the idea of meritocracy, since its early origins in China, and in more recent western thought. The second part then explores higher education reforms in China, the part played by supposedly meritocratic forms of selection, and the implications of these for social mobility. Based on original empirical data, Ye Liu sheds light on the socio-economic, gender and geographical inequalities behind the meritocratic façade of the Gaokao (高考). Liu argues that the Chinese philosophical belief in education-based meritocracy had a modern makeover in the Gaokao, and that this ideology induces working-class and rural students to believe in upward social mobility through higher education. When the Gaokao broke the promise of status improvement for rural students, they turned to the Chinese Communist Party and sought political connections by actively applying for its membership. This book reveals a bleak picture of visible and invisible inequality in terms of access to and participation in higher education in contemporary China. Written in an accessible style, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and non-specialist readers alike.

Inequality of Opportunity

Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
Inequality of Opportunity Book PDF

Author : Juan Gabriel Rodríguez
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2011-10-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781780520346

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Inequality of Opportunity by Juan Gabriel Rodríguez Pdf

Eight papers, both theoretical and applied, on the concept of equality of opportunity which says that a society should guarantee its members equal access to advantage regardless of their circumstances, while holding them responsible for turning that access into actual advantage by the application of effort.

Economic Inequality, Neoliberalism, and the American Community College

Patrick Sullivan
Economic Inequality Neoliberalism and the American Community College Book PDF

Author : Patrick Sullivan
Publisher : Springer
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2017-05-11
Category : Education
ISBN : 9783319442846

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Economic Inequality, Neoliberalism, and the American Community College by Patrick Sullivan Pdf

This book aims to deepen public understanding of the community college and to challenge our longstanding reliance on a deficit model for defining this important, powerful, and transformative institution. Featuring a unique combination of data and research, Sullivan seeks to help redefine, update, and reshape public perception about community colleges. This book gives serious attention to student voices, and includes narratives written by community college students about their experiences attending college at an open admissions institution. Sullivan examines the history of the modern community college and the economic model that is driving much of the current discussion in higher education today. Sullivan argues that the community college has done much to promote social justice and economic equality in America since the founding of the modern community college in 1947 by the Truman Commission.