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Author : Francisco Gutiérrez Sanín,Gerd Schönwälder
Publisher : IDRC
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2010-09-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780745330631
A study of workers struggles against management regimes in Britain's car industry from the Second World War to the late 1980s.
Author : Dalia Dassa Kaye
Publisher : Rand Corporation
Page : 227 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780833045089
In the wake of September 11 through the U.S. invasion of Iraq, a key tenet of U.S. foreign policy has been that promoting democracy in the Arab world is an important strategy in reducing terrorism; at the same time, some policymakers and analysts have held that democracy has nothing to do with terrorism -- or even that the growth of democracy in the Middle East may exacerbate political violence. However, scant empirical evidence links democracy to terrorism, positively or negatively. This study examines whether such links exist by exploring the effects of liberalization processes on political violence in Egypt, Jordan, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Morocco from 1991 to 2006. Drawing on data on the incidence of terrorist violence, extensive fieldwork and interviews in each of the six countries, and primary and secondary literature from and about each country, Kaye et al. find that political reforms have, in some instances, helped to marginalize and undercut extremist actors, but that these effects tend to be short-lived if reforms fail to produce tangible results. Moreover, when regimes backtrack on even limited openings, the risks of instability and violence increase.
Author : Daniel S. Leon
Publisher : Universal-Publishers
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781599423654
This study will attempt to answer the question of how can the rise in social violence since the 1980s be explained in the oil-rich nation of Venezuela? The once relatively peaceful nation of Venezuela has seen a dramatic rise in social violence over the last three decades that has placed her amongst some of the world's most dangerous countries. A review of the relevant literature will reveal that the study of a social phenomenon such as violence, in a nation such as Venezuela, is a complicated task because there are a number of different, but in many cases interlinked, variables that contribute to the formation of this social phenomenon. Therefore, the conceptual framework will consist of a multi-variable analysis so that this study may go about to formulate an appropriate explanation based on the complex causes and effects that surround this issue. However, special attention will be given to the nation's developmental history, which has given way to a severe socio-political crisis. Although special attention will be given to this important variable, no hierarchy of variables will be established, as the convoluted nature of social events makes it very difficult to formulate one. Other factors that will also be analyzed as they contribute to the rise of social violence are: the nation's vast hydrocarbon wealth (which is always an outstanding variable because of its economic importance), economic reform and liberalization, and the urbanization process. Although there have been several studies on oil-rich nations (including Venezuela), their economic dynamics, the Latin American urbanization process, and the Venezuelan political crisis, there is an absence of studies that include these intervening factors in a comprehensive manner. This study hopes to fill this gap.
Author : Andrew Rosser
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-04
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781136855863
This book examines the dynamics shaping the economic process of economic liberalisation in Indonesia since the mid-1980's. Much writing on the process of economic liberalisation in developing countries views economic liberalisation as the victory of economic rationality over political and social interests. In contrast, this book argues that economic liberalisation should not be understood in these terms, but rather in the way that political social interests shape processes of economic reform in both a positive and negative sense. Specifically, Rosser argues that economic liberalisation needs to be understood in terms of the extent to which economic crises shift the balance of power and influence within society away from coalitions opposed to reform and towards those in favour of reform. In the Indonesian context, the main coalitions that need to be examined in this respect are the politico-bureaucrats and the conglomerates who have generally opposed reform and mobile capitalists who have generally supported reform. Based on extensive original research, and providing much new material, the book considers the politics of economic policy-making in Indonesia in a range of sectors including the capital market, intellectual property law, the banking industry, and the trade and investment sectors. Analysing why the nature of economic policy in Indonesia has varied over time, this study argues that there is nothing inevitable about a transition to a fully-fledged liberal market order in Indonesia, and outlines possible future scenarios for the country's political economy.
Author : Dipak K. Gupta
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1990-04-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UCR:31210008444646
In this pioneering volume, Dipak Gupta takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the causes of political violence and the effects of political instability. The first work to expand the scope of traditional economic growth models to include political instability, The Economics of Political Violence examines the motivations an individual might have for participating in an act of political violence. Establishing the conceptual linkages between micro-level, individual-based theory and aggregate structural theories of political violence and revolution, Gupta also constructs a composite measure of political instability. He then develops an integrated model of economic growth that incorporates political instability as an endogenous variable. Students and scholars in both political science and economics will find this book enlightening reading. Gupta begins by examining both the contributions various social science disciplines have made to the study of political violence and the theories of collective behavior that have guided many previous studies. Turning to a focus on the individual, Gupta analyzes the behavioral foundations of rebellion and explores the influences of the environment on individual political action. The next four chapters address political instability from a variety of perspectives. Gupta describes the relationship between political instability and the economy, offers an empirical definition of political instability, discusses structural explanations of political instability, and looks at the effects of political instability on economic growth. In his concluding chapter, Gupta makes policy recommendations based on the foregoing analysis. An appendix presents the index for political instability developed by the author.
Author : Nikolaos Biziouras
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-26
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317805526
At the point of independence in 1948, Sri Lanka was projected to be a success story in the developing world. However, in July 1983 a violent ethnic conflict which pitted the Sinhalese against the Tamils began, and did not come to an end until 2009. This conflict led to nearly 50,000 combatant deaths and approximately 40,000 civilian deaths, as well as almost 1 million internally-displaced refugees and to the permanent migration abroad of nearly 130,000 civilians. With a focus on Sri Lanka, this book explores the political economy of ethnic conflict, and examines how rival political leaders are able to convince their ethnic group members to follow them into violent conflict. Specifically, it looks at how political leaders can influence and utilize changes in the level of economic liberalization in order to mobilize members of a certain ethnic group, and in the case of Sri Lanka, shows how ethnic mobilization drives can turn violent when minority ethnic groups are economically marginalized by the decisions that the majority ethnic group leaders make in order to stay in power. Taking a political economy approach to the conflict in Sri Lanka, this book is unique in its historical analysis and provides a longitudinal view of the evolution of both Tamil and Sinhalese ethnic drives. As such, this interdisciplinary study will be of interest to policy makers as well as academics in the field of South Asian studies, political science, sociology, development studies, political economy and security studies.
Author : Nina Wiesehomeier
Publisher : diplom.de
Page : 109 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2006-02-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783832493790
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: During the nineties globalization has become one of the most disputed issues in the social sciences and a lively debate about its possible detrimental or beneficial consequences is going on. Among economists there exists the general consensus that global economic integration enhances welfare through market allocations that are assumed to be efficient. The majority of papers hereby concentrate on explaining what the causes for the increasing economic liberalization are, the feasibility of these reforms, limiting the debate to the question of correct sequencing of the distinct measures, or to the causes of either their success or failure. Another phenomena of the last decade has been the increasing amount of armed intrastate conflicts around the world which reached its peak in the early 1990s. Although economic aspects gained in interest as roots of internal war, economic liberalization per se was not considered as a causal factor. This study therefore examines the question of whether economic liberalization is likely to fan the flames of domestic violent conflict, thereby distinguishing between long-term and short-term consequences of this process. I assume that in the long-term economic liberalization has a pacifying effect as the abolition of trade barriers fosters export-led growth. On the contrary, in the short-term, after an economic reform has been introduced, distributional effects will have a major impact on society, causing winners and losers. This situation is likely to trigger domestic instability and violent conflict if the winners are not able or willing to compensate the losers for their economic losses. To explain cleavages arising in society, this study adds an institutional perspective to Rogowski s model based on the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem and highlights it with an exemplary application with the Rubinstein Model. I illustrate the propositions derived from this model by presenting the case of Guinea-Bissau. Testing statistically the causal mechanism between economic liberalization and domestic conflict and intervening factors of political, sociological, and economical kinds, it furthermore engages in comparative work in a dual sense: the study moves across different levels of analysis and compares the three statistical tools ordinary logit, random effects logit and general estimating equation. It first starts with a sample comprising 90 developing countries for the time period of 1978 to 1998 and focuses [...]
Author : Amy Chua
Publisher : Anchor
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2004-01-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400076376
The reigning consensus holds that the combination of free markets and democracy would transform the third world and sweep away the ethnic hatred and religious zealotry associated with underdevelopment. In this revelatory investigation of the true impact of globalization, Yale Law School professor Amy Chua explains why many developing countries are in fact consumed by ethnic violence after adopting free market democracy. Chua shows how in non-Western countries around the globe, free markets have concentrated starkly disproportionate wealth in the hands of a resented ethnic minority. These “market-dominant minorities” – Chinese in Southeast Asia, Croatians in the former Yugoslavia, whites in Latin America and South Africa, Indians in East Africa, Lebanese in West Africa, Jews in post-communist Russia – become objects of violent hatred. At the same time, democracy empowers the impoverished majority, unleashing ethnic demagoguery, confiscation, and sometimes genocidal revenge. She also argues that the United States has become the world’s most visible market-dominant minority, a fact that helps explain the rising tide of anti-Americanism around the world. Chua is a friend of globalization, but she urges us to find ways to spread its benefits and curb its most destructive aspects.
Author : Dipak K. Gupta
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2008-03-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781135982829
This book explains the lifecycle of terrorist organizations from an innovative theoretical perspective, combining economics with social psychology. It provides a new approach to understanding human behaviour in organized society, and then uses this to analyze the forces shaping the lifecycle of violent political movements. Economic and rational-choice theorists assume that human beings are motivated only by self-utility, yet terrorism is ultimately an altruistic act in the eyes of its participants. This book highlights the importance of the desire to belong to a group as a motivating factor, and argues that all of us face an eternal trade-off between selfishness and community concern. This hypothesis is explored through four key groups; the IRA in Northern Ireland, Al Qaeda, Hamas, and the Naxalites in India. Through this, the book analyzes the birth, growth, transformation and demise of violent political movements, and ends with an analysis of the conditions which determine the outcome of the war against terrorism. Understanding Terrorism and Political Violence will be essential reading for advanced students of terrorism studies and political science, and of great interest to students of social psychology and sociology.
Author : Jacqui True
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2012-09-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199755912
Violence against women is a major problem in all countries, affecting women in every socio-economic group and at every life stage. Yet, when women enjoy good social and economic status they are less vulnerable to violence across all societies. This book develops a political economy approach to understanding violence against women - from the household to the transnational level - accounting for its globally increasing scale and brutality.
Author : Katharine N. Rankin
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2004-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 0802086985
In a neoliberal era, when the ideology of the free market governs community development as much as international trade, a conflict between capital and tradition is inevitable. Issues such as the value ascribed to honour and social prestige are difficult to negotiate with economic opportunity. Using the example of a 'traditional' Nepalese market town, Katharine Neilson Rankin explores how economic liberalization has blended with local cultures of value. Utilizing the ethnographic method of anthropology and the comparative and normative thrust of geography, Rankin undertakes a critique of neoliberal approaches to development. She demonstrates how market-led development does not expand opportunity, but rather deepens existing injustice and inequality, which is further exacerbated by planners eager to implement market-led approaches relying on naively idealistic notions of 'social capital' to expand poor people's access to the market. The Cultural Politics of Markets makes a clear case for a strategic merger between anthropological and planning perspectives in thinking about the issue of market transformation.
Author : Clara Han
Publisher : Univ of California Press
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2012-06-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780520951754
Chile is widely known as the first experiment in neoliberalism in Latin America, carried out and made possible through state violence. Since the beginning of the transition in 1990, the state has pursued a national project of reconciliation construed as debts owed to the population. The state owed a "social debt" to the poor accrued through inequalities generated by economic liberalization, while society owed a "moral debt" to the victims of human rights violations. Life in Debt invites us into lives and world of a poor urban neighborhood in Santiago. Tracing relations and lives between 1999 and 2010, Clara Han explores how the moral and political subjects imagined and asserted by poverty and mental health policies and reparations for human rights violations are refracted through relational modes and their boundaries. Attending to intimate scenes and neighborhood life, Han reveals the force of relations in the making of selves in a world in which unstable work patterns, illness, and pervasive economic indebtedness are aspects of everyday life. Lucidly written, Life in Debt provides a unique meditation on both the past inhabiting actual life conditions but also on the difficulties of obligation and achievements of responsiveness.
Author : Enrique Desmond Arias,Daniel M. Goldstein
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 335 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2010-03-19
Category : History
ISBN : 9780822392033
Despite recent political movements to establish democratic rule in Latin American countries, much of the region still suffers from pervasive violence. From vigilantism, to human rights violations, to police corruption, violence persists. It is perpetrated by state-sanctioned armies, guerillas, gangs, drug traffickers, and local community groups seeking self-protection. The everyday presence of violence contrasts starkly with governmental efforts to extend civil, political, and legal rights to all citizens, and it is invoked as evidence of the failure of Latin American countries to achieve true democracy. The contributors to this collection take the more nuanced view that violence is not a social aberration or the result of institutional failure; instead, it is intimately linked to the institutions and policies of economic liberalization and democratization. The contributors—anthropologists, political scientists, sociologists, and historians—explore how individuals and institutions in Latin American democracies, from the rural regions of Colombia and the Dominican Republic to the urban centers of Brazil and Mexico, use violence to impose and contest notions of order, rights, citizenship, and justice. They describe the lived realities of citizens and reveal the historical foundations of the violence that Latin America suffers today. One contributor examines the tightly woven relationship between violent individuals and state officials in Colombia, while another contextualizes violence in Rio de Janeiro within the transnational political economy of drug trafficking. By advancing the discussion of democratic Latin American regimes beyond the usual binary of success and failure, this collection suggests more sophisticated ways of understanding the challenges posed by violence, and of developing new frameworks for guaranteeing human rights in Latin America. Contributors: Enrique Desmond Arias, Javier Auyero, Lilian Bobea, Diane E. Davis, Robert Gay, Daniel M. Goldstein, Mary Roldán, Todd Landman, Ruth Stanley, María Clemencia Ramírez
Author : Gerd Nonneman
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Comparative economics
ISBN : 1555876390
This volume assesses the surges in the processes of democratisation and economic liberalisation, and the forms they have taken. Diverse country studies are used to advance the reader's understanding of the complexities of these processes.
Author : Douglass Cecil North,John Joseph Wallis,Barry R. Weingast
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 345 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780521761734
This book integrates the problem of violence into a larger framework, showing how economic and political behavior are closely linked.