Economics Of Research And Innovation In Agriculture

Author : Petra Moser
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2021-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226779058

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Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture by Petra Moser Pdf

"The challenges facing agriculture are plenty. Along with the world's growing population and diminishing amounts of water and arable land, the gradual increase in severe weather presents new challenges and imperatives for producing new, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped agriculture keep pace with earth's social, population, and ecological changes. In the last 50 years, mechanical, biological, and chemical innovations have more than doubled agricultural output while barely changing input quantities. The ample investment behind these innovations was available because of a high rate of return: a 2007 paper found that the median ROI in agriculture was 45 percent between 1965 and 2005. This landscape has changed. Today many of the world's wealthier countries have scaled back their share of GDP devoted to agricultural R&D amid evidence of diminishing returns. Universities, which have historically been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly depend on funding from industry rather than government to fund their research. As Upton Sinclair wrote of the effects industry influences, "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it." In this volume of the NBER Conference Report series, editor Petra Moser offers an empirical, applied-economic framework to the different elements of agricultural R&D, particularly as they relate to the shift from public to private funding. Individual chapters examine the sources of agricultural knowledge and investigate challenges for measuring the returns to the adoption of new agricultural technologies, examine knowledge spillovers from universities to agricultural innovation, and explore interactions between university engagement and scientific productivity. Additional analysis of agricultural venture capital point to it as an emerging and future source of resource in this essential domain"--

Author : Petra Moser
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226779058

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Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture by Petra Moser Pdf

"The challenges facing agriculture are plenty. Along with the world's growing population and diminishing amounts of water and arable land, the gradual increase in severe weather presents new challenges and imperatives for producing new, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped agriculture keep pace with earth's social, population, and ecological changes. In the last 50 years, mechanical, biological, and chemical innovations have more than doubled agricultural output while barely changing input quantities. The ample investment behind these innovations was available because of a high rate of return: a 2007 paper found that the median ROI in agriculture was 45 percent between 1965 and 2005. This landscape has changed. Today many of the world's wealthier countries have scaled back their share of GDP devoted to agricultural R&D amid evidence of diminishing returns. Universities, which have historically been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly depend on funding from industry rather than government to fund their research. As Upton Sinclair wrote of the effects industry influences, "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it." In this volume of the NBER Conference Report series, editor Petra Moser offers an empirical, applied-economic framework to the different elements of agricultural R&D, particularly as they relate to the shift from public to private funding. Individual chapters examine the sources of agricultural knowledge and investigate challenges for measuring the returns to the adoption of new agricultural technologies, examine knowledge spillovers from universities to agricultural innovation, and explore interactions between university engagement and scientific productivity. Additional analysis of agricultural venture capital point to it as an emerging and future source of resource in this essential domain"--

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 685 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2012-02-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780821386842

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Agricultural Innovation Systems by World Bank Pdf

Managing the ability of agriculture to meet rising global demand and to respond to the changes and opportunities will require good policy, sustained investments, and innovation - not business as usual. Investments in public Research and Development, extension, education, and their links with one another have elicited high returns and pro-poor growth, but these investments alone will not elicit innovation at the pace or on the scale required by the intensifying and proliferating challenges confronting agriculture. Experience indicates that aside from a strong capacity in Research and Development, the ability to innovate is often related to collective action, coordination, the exchange of knowledge among diverse actors, the incentives and resources available to form partnerships and develop businesses, and conditions that make it possible for farmers or entrepreneurs to use the innovations. While consensus is developing about what is meant by 'innovation' and 'innovation system', no detailed blueprint exists for making agricultural innovation happen at a given time, in a given place, for a given result. The AIS approach that looks at these multiple conditions and relationships that promote innovation in agriculture, has however moved from a concept to a sub-discipline with principles of analysis and action. AIS investments must be specific to the context, responding to the stage of development in a particular country and agricultural sector, especially the AIS. This sourcebook contributes to identifying, designing, and implementing the investments, approaches, and complementary interventions that appear most likely to strengthen AIS and to promote agricultural innovation and equitable growth. It emphasizes the lessons learned, benefits and impacts, implementation issues, and prospects for replicating or expanding successful practices. The information in this sourcebook derives from approaches that have been tested at different scales in different contexts. It reflects the experiences and evolving understanding of numerous individuals and organizations concerned with agricultural innovation, including the World Bank. This information is targeted to the key operational staff in international and regional development agencies and national governments who design and implement lending projects and to the practitioners who design thematic programs and technical assistance packages. The sourcebook can also be an important resource for the research community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs).

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1949
Category : Agriculture
ISBN : COLUMBIA:CU13665367

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Agricultural Economics Research by Anonim Pdf

Author : Paul Diederen
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1999-11-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 1782543961

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Innovation and Research Policies by Paul Diederen Pdf

Innovation is important for all countries seeking to maintain or improve their competitive advantage in the global economy. This text addresses major policy debates in science, technology and innovation focusing mainly on Europe, but also including comparisons with other countries around the world.

Author : Christopher B. Barrett,David R. Just
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 808 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2021-12-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780323915014

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Handbook of Agricultural Economics by Christopher B. Barrett,David R. Just Pdf

Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Volume Five highlights new advances in the field, with this new release exploring comprehensive chapters written by an international board of authors who discuss topics such as The Economics of Agricultural Innovation, Climate, food and agriculture, Agricultural Labor Markets: Immigration Policy, Minimum Wages, Etc., Risk Management in Agricultural Production, Animal Health and Livestock Disease, Behavioral and Experimental Economics to Inform Agri-Environmental Programs and Policies, Big Data, Machine Learning Methods for Agricultural and Applied Economists, Agricultural data collection to minimize measurement error and maximize coverage, Gender, agriculture and nutrition, Social Networks Analysis In Agricultural Economics, and more. Presents the latest release in the Handbook of Agricultural Economics Written and contributed by leaders in the field Covers topics such as The Economics of Agricultural Innovation, Climate, Food and Agriculture, Agricultural Labor Markets, and more

Author : Muhammad Farooq,Michele Pisante
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 627 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-29
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030231699

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Innovations in Sustainable Agriculture by Muhammad Farooq,Michele Pisante Pdf

This volume is a ready reference on sustainable agriculture and reinforce the understanding for its utilization to develop environmentally sustainable and profitable food production systems. It describes ecological sustainability of farming systems, present innovations for improving efficiency in the use of resources for sustainable agriculture and propose technological options and new areas of research in this very important area of agriculture.

Author : Lakhwinder Singh,Anita Gill
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 365 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2019-09-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780429554650

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Agriculture Innovation Systems in Asia by Lakhwinder Singh,Anita Gill Pdf

This book looks at agricultural systems and rural economies in Asia through the prism of alternative innovation systems, alternative public policy and institutional changes. The massive shifts within the agricultural economy in Asia, geared towards increasing production, has had a direct effect on the livelihood of a large mass of people in rural societies, causing financial and social distress. This book explores a wide range of solutions, such as the role of education, improving technical skills and human capital, along with interactive learning in R&D, harnessing ICTs and institutional innovations, to see how these problems can be alleviated. The volume looks at how these methods can help formulate alternative ways to build sustainable and inclusive agricultural societies, ensure food security, sustainable growth and agricultural productivity. This book, rich in theoretical and empirical matter, will be useful for academics and researchers interested in agricultural innovation, development studies and agricultural economics. It will also be of interest to policymakers and thinktanks working towards inclusive social development and sustainability in Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

Author : Franz W. Gatzweiler,Joachim von Braun
Publisher : Springer
Page : 435 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-02-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783319257181

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Technological and Institutional Innovations for Marginalized Smallholders in Agricultural Development by Franz W. Gatzweiler,Joachim von Braun Pdf

The aim of the book is to present contributions in theory, policy and practice to the science and policy of sustainable intensification by means of technological and institutional innovations in agriculture. The research insights re from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. The purpose of this book is to be a reference for students, scholars and practitioners inthe field of science and policy for understanding and identifying agricultural productivity growth potentials in marginalized areas.

Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 184 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2006-11-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0821367404

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Enhancing Agricultural Innovation by World Bank Pdf

An innovation system can be defined as a network of organizations, enterprises, and individuals demanding and supplying knowledge and bringing it into a social and economic use. This book's primary aim, therefore, is to focus on the largely unexplored operational aspects of the innvoation systems concept and to explore its potential for agriculture. 'Enhancing Agricultural Innovation' evaluates real-world innovation systems and assesses the usefulness of the concept in guiding investments to support knowledge-intensive, sustainable agricultural development. A typology of innovation systems is developed; strategies to guide investments for strengthening innovation capacity are drawn up; and concrete interventions options defined. In its conclusions, the book emphasizes the importance of mechanisms for collaboration and interaction. Intermediary organizations, innovation councils, farmer organizations, and other means to strengthen collaboration are central to creating the exchange of knowledge and perspectives that will convert knowledge into valuable new social and economic products and services.

Author : G.H. Peters,Prabhu Pingali
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 881 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2018-04-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351737159

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Tomorrow's Agriculture: Incentives, Institutions, Infrastructure and Innovations - Proceedings of the Twenty-fouth International Conference of Agricultural Economists by G.H. Peters,Prabhu Pingali Pdf

This title was first published in 2002: This volume represents some of the proceedings of the 24th conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) held in Berlin, Germany, in August 2000. The papers in this volume include the president's address, the Elmhirst Lecture and a selection of 20 contributed papers. It also includes panel discussion reports, reports on the discussion groups and mini-symposia, poster paper abstracts, and the synoptic view presented at the close of the conference by the new president of the IAAE, Joachin von Braun. The theme of the 24th conference was "Tomorrow's Agriculture: Incentives, Institutions, Infrastructure and Innovations", reflecting the rapid advances being made in the application of biotechnology in both the developed and developing worlds.

Author : Dimitri Uzunidis,Fedoua Kasmi,Laurent Adatto
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2021-06-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781119832485

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Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 by Dimitri Uzunidis,Fedoua Kasmi,Laurent Adatto Pdf

Innovation, in economic activity, in managerial concepts and in engineering design, results from creative activities, entrepreneurial strategies and the business climate. Innovation leads to technological, organizational and commercial changes, due to the relationships between enterprises, public institutions and civil society organizations. These innovation networks create new knowledge and contribute to the dissemination of new socio-economic and technological models, through new production and marketing methods. Innovation Economics, Engineering and Management Handbook 1 is the first of the two volumes that comprise this book. The main objectives across both volumes are to study the innovation processes in todays information and knowledge society; to analyze how links between research and business have intensified; and to discuss the methods by which innovation emerges and is managed by firms, not only from a local perspective but also a global one. The studies presented in these two volumes contribute toward an understanding of the systemic nature of innovations and enable reflection on their potential applications, in order to think about the meaning of growth and prosperity.

Author : Alain De Janvry,Jean-Jacques Dethier
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040314457

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Technological Innovation in Agriculture by Alain De Janvry,Jean-Jacques Dethier Pdf

This paper examines the role of market and nonmarket forces in affecting the rate and bias of technical change in agriculture. It examines the process of generation of innovations and investment in agricultural research and explores, in the context of political economy, the sources of deviation from the equilibrium rate and bias of technical change. It is argued that a theory of the rate and bias of technological innovation must go beyond the analysis of market forces because they explain only a fraction of changes in investment and productivity in agriculture. It is further argued that the roles played by the various actors involved in agricultural research are being redefined as research moves in to the "Post Green Revolution" era. New mechanisms of identification of research priorities, of coordination of research programs, and of participation of social groups affected by research need to be devised to increase efficiency and equity in the research effort.

Author : Wolfram Schlenker
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 316 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226619804

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Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior by Wolfram Schlenker Pdf

Agricultural yields have increased steadily in the last half century, particularly since the Green Revolution. At the same time, inflation-adjusted agricultural commodity prices have been trending downward as increases in supply outpace the growth of demand. Recent severe weather events, biofuel mandates, and a switch toward a more meat-heavy diet in emerging economies have nevertheless boosted commodity prices. Whether this is a temporary jump or the beginning of a longer-term trend is an open question. Agricultural Productivity and Producer Behavior examines the factors contributing to the remarkably steady increase in global yields and assesses whether yield growth can continue. This research also considers whether agricultural productivity growth has been, and will be, associated with significant environmental externalities. Among the topics studied are genetically modified crops; changing climatic factors; farm production responses to government regulations including crop insurance, transport subsidies, and electricity subsidies for groundwater extraction; and the role of specific farm practices such as crop diversification, disease management, and water-saving methods. This research provides new evidence that technological as well as policy choices influence agricultural productivity.

Author : Steven Wolf,David Zilberman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 382 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781461514992

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Knowledge Generation and Technical Change by Steven Wolf,David Zilberman Pdf

Knowledge generation and transfer mechanisms are being transformed in important and controversial ways. Investment in research and development has increased in response to recognition that scientific productivity is tightly connected to economic dynamism. Patent protection has been expanded in order to stimulate higher levels of private investment. Intellectual property rights held by public organizations and researchers are now increasingly transferred to private organizations to accelerate the diffusion and enhance the value of knowledge produced by public agencies and universities. Additionally, new institutions such as university offices of technology transfer, venture capital markets, and a variety of consortia in knowledge-intensive industries are being established throughout the United States and in other parts of the world. These changes have led to a repositioning of the state in systems of innovation and an increase in the proprietary character of technical information. The purpose of this book is to review and analyze i) contemporary transitions in agricultural knowledge generation and extension arrangements from an empirical perspective, and ii) emerging and contradictory perspectives as to how knowledge systems can be assessed effectively. The authors aim to provide the reader with a better understanding of the implications of new biotechnologies and new intellectual property rights regimes on public-private relations in science, the extent to which benefits from scientific knowledge are being appropriated by private sector actors, the diversity and possible outcomes of privatization initiatives in extension, and prospects for public goods production and ecological sustainability given contemporary trends. The book presents contrasting views on the degree of complementarity and substitution between private and public sector investments in research and extension. Recognizing that the labels `public' and `private' are incomplete and at times misleading descriptions of the structure and function of coordinating bodies in social systems, the analyses highlight ways in which public and private spaces and modes of functioning combine. In addition to illustrating a broad range of analytic methodologies useful for studying organizational questions in knowledge systems, the authors identify the implications of a range of past and potential institutional innovations.