Ecosystem Services Biodiversity And Environmental Change In A Tropical Mountain Ecosystem Of South Ecuador

Author : Jörg Bendix,Erwin Beck,Achim Bräuning,Franz Makeschin,Reinhard Mosandl,Stefan Scheu,Wolfgang Wilcke
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2013-07-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642381379

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Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador by Jörg Bendix,Erwin Beck,Achim Bräuning,Franz Makeschin,Reinhard Mosandl,Stefan Scheu,Wolfgang Wilcke Pdf

An interdisciplinary research unit consisting of 30 teams in the natural, economic and social sciences analyzed biodiversity and ecosystem services of a mountain rainforest ecosystem in the hotspot of the tropical Andes, with special reference to past, current and future environmental changes. The group assessed ecosystem services using data from ecological field and scenario-driven model experiments, and with the help of comparative field surveys of the natural forest and its anthropogenic replacement system for agriculture. The book offers insights into the impacts of environmental change on various service categories mentioned in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005): cultural, regulating, supporting and provisioning ecosystem services. Examples focus on biodiversity of plants and animals including trophic networks, and abiotic/biotic parameters such as soils, regional climate, water, nutrient and sediment cycles. The types of threats considered include land use and climate changes, as well as atmospheric fertilization. In terms of regulating and provisioning services, the emphasis is primarily on water regulation and supply as well as climate regulation and carbon sequestration. With regard to provisioning services, the synthesis of the book provides science-based recommendations for a sustainable land use portfolio including several options such as forestry, pasture management and the practices of indigenous peoples. In closing, the authors show how they integrated the local society by pursuing capacity building in compliance with the CBD-ABS (Convention on Biological Diversity - Access and Benefit Sharing), in the form of education and knowledge transfer for application.

Author : Erwin Beck,Jörg Bendix,Ingrid Kottke,Franz Makeschin,Reinhard Mosandl
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 525 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2008-01-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783540735267

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Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador by Erwin Beck,Jörg Bendix,Ingrid Kottke,Franz Makeschin,Reinhard Mosandl Pdf

A fascinating work that provides a wealth of information on one of the world’s most biodiverse ecosystems. This is the result of investigations by almost 30 groups of researchers from various disciplines. They performed ecosystem analyses following two gradients: an altitudinal gradient and a gradient of land use intensity and ecosystem regeneration following human use. Based on these analyses, this volume discusses these findings in a huge variety of subject areas.

Author : Randall W. Myster
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2020-11-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030573447

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The Andean Cloud Forest by Randall W. Myster Pdf

A book focused solely on Andean Cloud Forests (ACF) has never been published. ACF are high biodiversity ecosystems in the Neotropics with a large proportion of endemic species, and are important for the hydrology of entire regions. They provide water for large parts of the Amazon basin, for example. Here I take advantage of my many years working in ACF in Ecuador, to edit this book that contains the following sections: (1) ACF over space and time, (2) Hydrology, (3) Light and the Carbon cycle, (4) Soil, litter, fungi and nutrient cycling, (5) Plants, (6) Animals, and (7) Human impacts and management. Under this premise, international experts contributed chapters that consist of reviews of what is known about their topic, of what research they have done, and of what needs to be done in the future. This work is suitable for graduate students, professors, scientists, and researcher-oriented managers.

Author : Egan, Paul A.,Price, Martin F.
Publisher : UNESCO Publishing
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2017-10-23
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789231002250

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Mountain ecosystem services and climate change by Egan, Paul A.,Price, Martin F. Pdf

Author : Jürgen Homeier,Selene Báez,Dietrich Hertel,Christoph Leuschner
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 111 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Electronic book
ISBN : 9782889452279

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Tropical Forest Ecosystem Responses to Increasing Nutrient Availability by Jürgen Homeier,Selene Báez,Dietrich Hertel,Christoph Leuschner Pdf

Deforestation and land use change have led to a strong reduction of tropical forest cover during the last decades. Climate change will amplify the pressure to the remaining refuges in the next years. In addition, tropical regions are facing increasing atmospheric inputs of nutrients, which will have unknown consequences for the structure and functioning of these systems, no matter if they are within protected areas or not. Even remote areas are expected to receive rising amounts of nutrients. The effects of higher rates of atmospheric nutrient deposition on the biological diversity and ecosystem functioning of tropical ecosystems are poorly understood and our knowledge of nutrient fluxes and nutrient limitation in tropical forest ecosystems is still limited. Yet, it will be of paramount importance to know the effects of increased nutrient availability to conserve these ecosystems with their biological and functional diversity. During the last years, research efforts have more and more focused on the understanding of the role of nutrients in tropical ecosystems and several coordinated projects have been established that study the effects of experimental nutrient addition. This Research Topic combines results from experiments and from observational studies with the aim to review and conclude on our current knowledge on the role of additional nutrients in ecosystems.

Author : Mónica A. Lugo,Marcela C. Pagano
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 461 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-10-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031129940

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Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America by Mónica A. Lugo,Marcela C. Pagano Pdf

In order to feed the world, global agriculture will have to double food production by 2050. As a result, the use of soils with fertilizers and pesticides in agronomic ecosystems will increase, taking into account the sustainability of these systems and also the provision of food security. Thus, soil ecosystems, their health, and their quality are directly involved in sustainable agronomical practices, and it is important to recognize the important role of soil microbial communities such as mycorrhizal fungi, their biodiversity, interactions, and functioning. Soil ecosystems are under the threat of biodiversity loss due to an increase of cultivated areas and agronomic exploitation intensity. Also, changes in land use alter the structure and function of ecosystems where biodiversity is vital in the ecosystem. Soils are a major aid in food production in all terrestrial ecosystems; however, this means they are also involved in gas emission and global warming. Thus, in agronomic ecosystems, several mitigation practices have been proposed to promote the increase of carbon soil stock, and the reduction of warming gas emission from soils. In South America, most of the rural population depends economically on agriculture and usually works in family units. New, organic, safe, and sustainable agro-forestry practices must be applied to support local communities and countries to achieve hunger eradication, rural poverty reduction, and sustainable development. This book compiles new information for mycorrhizal occurrence in natural and anthropic environments in South America. It includes new reports of mycorrhizal fungi diversity along different mycorrhizal types and their effect on plant communities, plant invasions, the use of mycorrhizal fungi for ecological and sustainable studies, management programs of natural and agroecosystems, and forestry and food-secure production. This book fills the gaps in biodiversity knowledge, management and safe food production of mycorrhizas. It should be a valuable help to researchers, professors and students, to aid in use of mycorrhizal fungi while also focusing on their biodiversity, sustainable safe food production, and conservation perspectives.

Author : Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Rainer Matyssek
Publisher : Springer
Page : 437 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2016-12-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783319494906

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Progress in Botany Vol. 78 by Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Rainer Matyssek Pdf

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, ecology, and ecosystems.

Author : Marion Potschin,Roy Haines-Young,Robert Fish,R. Kerry Turner
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 929 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2016-01-22
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781317687030

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Routledge Handbook of Ecosystem Services by Marion Potschin,Roy Haines-Young,Robert Fish,R. Kerry Turner Pdf

The idea that nature provides services to people is one of the most powerful concepts to have emerged over the last two decades. It is shaping our understanding of the role that biodiverse ecosystems play in the environment and their benefits for humankind. As a result, there is a growing interest in operational and methodological issues surrounding ecosystem services amongst environmental managers, and many institutions are now developing teaching programmes to equip the next generation with the skills needed to apply the concepts more effectively. This handbook provides a comprehensive reference text on ecosystem services, integrating natural and social science (including economics). Collectively the chapters, written by the world's leading authorities, demonstrate the importance of biodiversity for people, policy and practice. They also show how the value of ecosystems to society can be expressed in monetary and non-monetary terms, so that the environment can be better taken into account in decision making. The significance of the ecosystem service paradigm is that it helps us redefine and better communicate the relationships between people and nature. It is shown how these are essential to resolving challenges such as sustainable development and poverty reduction, and the creation of a green economy in developing and developed world contexts.

Author : Delphis F. Levia,Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses,Shin'ichi Iida,Beate Michalzik,Kazuki Nanko,Alexander Tischer
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 629 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2020-02-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030260866

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Forest-Water Interactions by Delphis F. Levia,Darryl E. Carlyle-Moses,Shin'ichi Iida,Beate Michalzik,Kazuki Nanko,Alexander Tischer Pdf

The United Nations has declared 2018-2028 as the International Decade for Action on Water for Sustainable Development. This is a timely designation. In an increasingly thirsty world, the subject of forest-water interactions is of critical importance to the achievement of sustainability goals. The central underlying tenet of this book is that the hydrologic community can conduct better science and make a more meaningful impact to the world’s water crisis if scientists are: (1) better equipped to utilize new methods and harness big data from either or both high-frequency sensors and long-term research watersheds; and (2) aware of new developments in our process-based understanding of the hydrological cycle in both natural and urban settings. Accordingly, this forward-looking book delves into forest-water interactions from multiple methodological, statistical, and process-based perspectives (with some chapters featuring data sets and open-source R code), concluding with a chapter on future forest hydrology under global change. Thus, this book describes the opportunities of convergence in high-frequency sensing, big data, and open source software to catalyze more comprehensive understanding of forest-water interactions. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in an array of disciplines, including hydrology, forestry, ecology, botany, and environmental engineering.

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Intergonevernmental Technical Panel on Soils
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 270 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251348376

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Recarbonizing global soils – A technical manual of recommended management practices by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,Intergonevernmental Technical Panel on Soils Pdf

During the last decades, soil organic carbon (SOC) attracted the attention of a much wider array of specialists beyond agriculture and soil science, as it was proven to be one of the most crucial components of the earth’s climate system, which has a great potential to be managed by humans. Soils as a carbon pool are one of the key factors in several Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 15, “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss” with the SOC stock being explicitly cited in Indicator 15.3.1. This technical manual is the first attempt to gather, in a standardized format, the existing data on the impacts of the main soil management practices on SOC content in a wide array of environments, including the advantages, drawbacks, and constraints. This manual presents different sustainable soil management (SSM) practices at different scales and in different contexts, supported by case studies that have been shown with quantitative data to have a positive effect on SOC stocks and successful experiences of SOC sequestration in practical field applications. Volume 2 includes a description of hot spots of SOC stocks. This manual defines hot spots of SOC as areas that represent a proportionally little of the global land surface but on which SOC storage is highly effective; bright spots as large land areas with low SOC stocks per km2 that represent a potential for further carbon sequestration.

Author : Lars H. Wegner,Ulrich Lüttge
Publisher : Springer
Page : 279 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-02-12
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030061289

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Emergence and Modularity in Life Sciences by Lars H. Wegner,Ulrich Lüttge Pdf

This book focuses on modules and emergence with self-organization in the life sciences. As Aristotle observed so long ago, the whole is more than the sum of its parts. However, contemporary science is dominated by reductionist concepts and tends to neglect the non-reproducible features of complex systems, which emerge from the interaction of the smaller units they are composed of. The book is divided into three major parts; the essays in part A highlight the conceptual basis of emergence, linking it to the philosophy of science, systems biology and sustainability. This is subsequently exemplified in part B by applying the concept of emergence to various biological disciplines, such as genetics, developmental biology, neurobiology, plant physiology and ecology. New aspects of emergence come into play when biology meets the technical sciences, as revealed in a chapter on bionics. In turn, part C adopts a broader view, revealing how the organization of life follows a hierarchical order in terms of scalar dimensions, ranging from the molecular level to the entire biosphere. The idea that life is primarily and exclusively shaped by processes at the molecular level (and, in particular, by the information encoded in the genome) is refuted; rather, there is no hierarchy with respect to the level of causation in the cross-talk between the levels. In the last two chapters, the evolutionary trend toward ever-increasing complexity in living systems is interpreted in terms of the Gaia hypothesis sensu Lovelock: the entire biosphere is viewed as a functional unit (or ‘holobiont-like system’) organized to develop and sustain life on Earth.

Author : Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Christoph Leuschner,María-Carmen Risueño
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2020-01-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030363277

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Progress in Botany Vol. 81 by Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Christoph Leuschner,María-Carmen Risueño Pdf

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.

Author : Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Rainer Matyssek,Hans Pretzsch
Publisher : Springer
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030107611

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Progress in Botany Vol. 80 by Francisco M. Cánovas,Ulrich Lüttge,Rainer Matyssek,Hans Pretzsch Pdf

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. This latest volume includes reviews on plant physiology, biochemistry, genetics and genomics, forests, and ecosystems.

Author : Udo Schickhoff,R.B. Singh,Suraj Mal
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 665 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2021-11-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030702380

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Mountain Landscapes in Transition by Udo Schickhoff,R.B. Singh,Suraj Mal Pdf

This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.

Author : Nadia Lombardi,Roberta Marra,David Turra,Francesco Vinale,Sheridan Lois Woo
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 228 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-02-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889742929

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The Plant Holobiont Volume II: Impacts of the Rhizosphere on Plant Health by Nadia Lombardi,Roberta Marra,David Turra,Francesco Vinale,Sheridan Lois Woo Pdf