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Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 172 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2016-09-26
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264260115
This report presents the first full analysis of the use of carbon pricing on energy in 41 OECD and G20 economies, covering 80% of global energy use and of CO2 emissions.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 96 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2023-11-27
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264901537
This fourth edition of Effective Carbon Rates provides an overview of the carbon pricing landscape, examining fuel excise taxes, carbon taxes, and emissions trading systems (ETSs) through 2021, with updates on developments until 2023.
Author : Collectif
Publisher : OECD
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789264305717
Decarbonisation keeps climate change in check and contributes to cleaner air and water. Countries can price CO2-emissions to decarbonise their economies and steer them along a carbon-neutral growth path. Are countries using this tool to its full potential? This report measures carbon pricing of CO2-emissions from energy use in 42 OECD and G20 countries, covering 80% of world emissions. The analysis takes a comprehensive view of carbon prices, including specific taxes on energy use, carbon taxes and tradable emission permit prices. The ‘carbon pricing gap’ measures how much the 42 countries, together as well as individually, fall short of pricing emissions in line with levels needed for decarbonisation. On aggregate, the ‘carbon pricing gap’ indicates how advanced the 42 countries are with the implementation of market-based tools to decarbonise their economies. At the country level, the gap can be seen as an indicator of long-run competitiveness.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264305304
Decarbonisation keeps climate change in check and contributes to cleaner air and water. Countries can price CO2-emissions to decarbonise their economies and steer them along a carbon-neutral growth path. Are countries using this tool to its full potential?
Author : OECD
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Carbon offsetting
ISBN : 9264305297
- Foreword - Executive Summary - Introduction - Carbon pricing trends - Reasons to be cheerful - Carbon pricing in 2015 - Detailed analysis - Description of emissions trading systems and results
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-11-04
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264196964
This publication synthesises a number of case studies of effective carbon prices in selected countries and sectors.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2022-11-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264913844
Accelerating the transition to net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is urgently required to contain the risks of climate change. As countries seek to reduce GHG emissions, they can employ or reform a wide range of policy instruments. This report tracks how explicit carbon prices, energy taxes and subsidies have evolved between 2018 and 2021.
Author : Mr. Simon Black,Karlygash Zhunussova
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2022-07-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400212307
Carbon pricing should be a central element of climate mitigation strategies, helping countries transition to ‘net zero’ greenhouse gas emissions over the next three decades. Policymakers considering introducing or scaling up carbon pricing face technical choices between carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETSs) and in their design. This includes administration, price levels, relation to other mitigation instruments, use of revenues to address efficiency and distributional objectives, supporting measures to address competitiveness concerns, extension to broader emissions sources, and coordination at the global level. Political economy considerations also affect the choice and design of instruments. This paper discusses such issues in the choice between and design of carbon taxes and ETSs, providing guidance, broader considerations, and quantitative analyses. Overall, carbon taxes have significant practical advantages over ETSs (especially for developing countries) due to ease of administration, price certainty to promote investment, the potential to raise significant revenues, and coverage of broader emissions sources—but ETSs can have significant political economy advantages.
Author : Ian W.H. Parry,Victor Mylonas
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 27 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-03-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484346549
The pan-Canadian approach to carbon pricing, announced in October 2016, ensures that carbon pricing applies throughout Canada in 2018, with increasing stringency over time to reduce emissions. Canadian provinces and territories have the flexibility to either implement an explicit price-based system—with a minimum price of CAN $10 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2018, increasing to CAN $50 per tonne by 2022—or an equivalently scaled emissions trading system. This paper discusses the rationale for, and design of, the price floor requirement; its (provincial-level) environmental, fiscal, and economic welfare impacts; monitoring issues; and (national-level) incidence. The general conclusion is that the welfare costs and implementation issues are manageable, and pricing provides significant new revenues. A challenge is that the floor price by itself appears well short of what will be needed by 2030 for Canada’s Paris Agreement pledge.
Author : Baoping Shang
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513573397
Addressing the poverty and distributional impacts of carbon pricing reforms is critical for the success of ambitious actions in the fight against climate change. This paper uses a simple framework to systematically review the channels through which carbon pricing can potentially affect poverty and inequality. It finds that the channels differ in important ways along several dimensions. The paper also identifies several key gaps in the current literature and discusses some considerations on how policy designs could take into account the attributes of the channels in mitigating the impacts of carbon pricing reforms on households.
Author : Larry Kreiser,Mikael Skou Andersen,Birgitte Egelund Olsen,Stefan Speck,Janet E. Milne
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2015-08-28
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781785360237
Carbon Pricing reflects upon and further develops the ongoing and worthwhile global debate into how to design carbon pricing, as well as how to utilize the financial proceeds in the best possible way for society. Ê The world has recently witnesse
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2019-10-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264627444
Taxing Energy Use (TEU) 2019 presents a snapshot of where countries stand in deploying energy and carbon taxes, tracks progress made, and makes actionable recommendations on how governments could do better. The report contains new and original data on energy and carbon taxes in OECD and G20 countries, and in international aviation and maritime transport.
Author : Peter Cramton,David JC MacKay,Axel Ockenfels,Steven Stoft
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2017-06-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780262340397
Why the traditional “pledge and review” climate agreements have failed, and how carbon pricing, based on trust and reciprocity, could succeed. After twenty-five years of failure, climate negotiations continue to use a “pledge and review” approach: countries pledge (almost anything), subject to (unenforced) review. This approach ignores everything we know about human cooperation. In this book, leading economists describe an alternate model for climate agreements, drawing on the work of the late Nobel laureate Elinor Ostrom and others. They show that a “common commitment” scheme is more effective than an “individual commitment” scheme; the latter depends on altruism while the former involves reciprocity (“we will if you will”). The contributors propose that global carbon pricing is the best candidate for a reciprocal common commitment in climate negotiations. Each country would commit to placing charges on carbon emissions sufficient to match an agreed global price formula. The contributors show that carbon pricing would facilitate negotiations and enforcement, improve efficiency and flexibility, and make other climate policies more effective. Additionally, they analyze the failings of the 2015 Paris climate conference. Contributors Richard N. Cooper, Peter Cramton, Ottmar Edenhofer, Christian Gollier, Éloi Laurent, David JC MacKay, William Nordhaus, Axel Ockenfels, Joseph E. Stiglitz, Steven Stoft, Jean Tirole, Martin L. Weitzman
Author : Maximilian Konradt,Thomas McGregor,Mr. Frederik G Toscani
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2024-02-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400267277
What is the effect of carbon pricing on inflation? This paper shows empirically that the consequences of the European Union’s Emission Trading System (ETS) and national carbon taxation on inflation have been limited in the euro area, so far. This result is supported by analysis based on a panel local projections approach, as well as event studies based on individual countries. Our estimates suggest that carbon taxes raised the price of energy but had limited effects on overall consumer prices. Since future climate policy will need to be much more ambitious compared to what has been observed so far, including the need for larger increases in carbon prices, possible non-linearities might make extrapolating from historical results difficult. We thus also use input-output tables to simulate the mechanical effect of a carbon tax consistent with the EU’s ‘Fit-for-55’ commitments on inflation. The required increase of effective carbon prices from around 40 Euro per ton of CO2 in 2021 to around 150 Euro by 2030 could raise annual euro area inflation by between 0.2 and 0.4 percentage points. It is worth noting that the energy price increases caused by the rise in the effective carbon price to 150 Euro is substantially smaller than the energy price spike seen in 2022 following the invasion of Ukraine.
Author : Armstrong Odiwuor
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2024-05-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783389026595
Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Accounting and Taxes, grade: 97, Free University of Berlin (Business Administration and Management), course: Business Management, Marketing, language: English, abstract: Carbon pricing, encompassing carbon tax (CAT) and emission trading schemes (ETS), stands at the forefront of climate change mitigation policies. This paper critically examines the effectiveness and practicality of these policies, particularly in reducing carbon emissions. Drawing from existing literature, it argues that carbon tax offers significant advantages over ETS in terms of practical implementation, environmental impact, and economic efficiency. However, it acknowledges the complexities and challenges associated with both approaches. One key aspect analyzed is the certainty regarding cost and benefits of abating carbon emissions. Carbon tax provides a relatively stable pricing mechanism, simplifying cost determination, while ETS offers more certainty about emission reductions and associated benefits. The paper discusses the trade-offs between these two approaches based on the shape of marginal cost and benefit functions, as proposed by Weitzman (1974). Revenue generation and utilization are also examined, revealing that carbon taxes tend to raise more revenue compared to ETS due to differences in pricing mechanisms. Effective utilization of these revenues is crucial for economic efficiency and addressing distributional concerns. Additionally, administrative requirements and political factors influencing policy adoption and design are discussed. The paper also evaluates China's carbon pricing landscape in China, highlighting the challenges faced by its ETS program and proposing a hybrid approach incorporating carbon taxes. Such a hybrid system aims to address administrative burdens while ensuring broader coverage of carbon pricing across sectors and industries. In conclusion, while both carbon tax and ETS have their merits, carbon tax emerges as a more practical and effective option. However, the paper suggests that a hybrid approach, tailored to specific contexts like China, could offer a viable solution to carbon emission reduction challenges. Overall, the paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on carbon pricing policies and their implications for climate change mitigation efforts.