Electoral Systems And Conflict In Divided Societies

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution,Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 1999-04-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309173087

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Electoral Systems and Conflict in Divided Societies by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution,Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly Pdf

This paper is one of a series being prepared for the National Research Council's Committee on International Conflict Resolution. The committee was organized in late 1995 to respond to a growing need for prevention, management, and resolution of violent conflict in the international arena, a concern about the changing nature and context of such conflict in the post-Cold War era, and a recent expansion of knowledge in the field. The committee's main goal is to advance the practice of conflict resolution by using the methods and critical attitude of science to examine the effectiveness of various techniques and concepts that have been advanced for preventing, managing, and resolving international conflicts. The committee's research agenda has been designed to supplement the work of other groups, particularly the Carnegie Corporation of New York's Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, which issued its final report in December 1997. The committee has identified a number of specific techniques and concepts of current interest to policy practitioners and has asked leading specialists on each one to carefully review and analyze available knowledge and to summarize what is known about the conditions under which each is or is not effective. These papers present the results of their work.

Author : Ben Reilly
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 236 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2001-09-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0521797306

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Democracy in Divided Societies by Ben Reilly Pdf

This text examines the potential of electoral engineering as a mechanism of conflict management in divided societies. It focuses on the little-known experience of a number of divided societies which have used vote-pooling electoral systems.

Author : Benjamin Reilly
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0511174357

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Democracy in Divided Societies by Benjamin Reilly Pdf

Democracy is inherently difficult in societies divided along deep ethnic cleavages. Elections in such societies will often encourage 'centrifugal' politics which reward extremist ethnic appeals, zero-sum political behaviour and ethnic conflict, and which consequently often lead to the breakdown of democracy. Reilly examines the potential of 'electoral engineering' as a mechanism of conflict management in divided societies. He focuses on the little-known experience of a number of divided societies which have used preferential, vote-pooling electoral systems - such as Papua New Guinea, Sri Lanka.

Author : Larry Diamond,Marc F. Plattner
Publisher : JHU Press
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2006-09
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0801884756

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Electoral Systems and Democracy by Larry Diamond,Marc F. Plattner Pdf

As the number of democracies has increased around the world, a heated debate has emerged among political scientists about which system best promotes the consolidation of democracy. This book compares the experiences of diverse countries, from Latin America to southern Africa, from Uruguay, Japan, and Taiwan to Israel, Afghanistan, and Iraq.

Author : Andrew Reynolds
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 1999-01-28
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780191522437

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Electoral Systems and Democratization in Southern Africa by Andrew Reynolds Pdf

The design of electoral systems and executive types is increasingly being recognized the key lever of constitutional engineering to be applied in the interests of political accommodation and stability in ethnically divided societies. In this groundbreaking comparative study of democratic design in Southern Africa, Andrew Reynolds finds that the decisions about how to constitute representative parliaments have wide ranging effects on the type of parties and party system that develops, the nature of executive-legislative relations, and the inclusiveness of both majority and minority interests in the process of governance. While electoral system design is the primary focus of the book, the related constitutional issues of whether to choose a presidential or parliamentary system, and whether to entrench consensual, consociational or majoritarian government are also discussed. Analysing the experiences of Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, the author presents a host of revealing conclusions that help shed light on the success or failure of democratic design in other fledgling democracies, in both Africa and beyond.

Author : Sofie Dreef,Wolfgang Wagner,Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung,Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 3942532573

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Designing Elections in Conflict-prone Divided Societies: the Case of South Sudan by Sofie Dreef,Wolfgang Wagner,Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung,Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 640 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2000-11-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309171731

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International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War by National Research Council,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution Pdf

The end of the Cold War has changed the shape of organized violence in the world and the ways in which governments and others try to set its limits. Even the concept of international conflict is broadening to include ethnic conflicts and other kinds of violence within national borders that may affect international peace and security. What is not yet clear is whether or how these changes alter the way actors on the world scene should deal with conflict: Do the old methods still work? Are there new tools that could work better? How do old and new methods relate to each other? International Conflict Resolution After the Cold War critically examines evidence on the effectiveness of a dozen approaches to managing or resolving conflict in the world to develop insights for conflict resolution practitioners. It considers recent applications of familiar conflict management strategies, such as the use of threats of force, economic sanctions, and negotiation. It presents the first systematic assessments of the usefulness of some less familiar approaches to conflict resolution, including truth commissions, "engineered" electoral systems, autonomy arrangements, and regional organizations. It also opens up analysis of emerging issues, such as the dilemmas facing humanitarian organizations in complex emergencies. This book offers numerous practical insights and raises key questions for research on conflict resolution in a transforming world system.

Author : Florian Bieber,Stefan Wolff
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 135 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-09-13
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317997597

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The Ethnopolitics of Elections by Florian Bieber,Stefan Wolff Pdf

This volume conceptualizes the dynamics underlying electoral politics in ethnically divided societies, providing empirical evidence and analysis of recent elections in such societies on a comparative and single-case basis, including case studies of Macedonia, Slovakia, Belgium, Malaysia, Singapore, Rwanda, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. Free and fair elections are one of the most fundamental characteristics of democratic systems. In ethnically divided societies, elections and the rules and regulations on which they are based assume special importance because they provide important levers to guarantee, or prevent, adequate representation of different communal groups in the key institutions of the state. Hence not only are elections contested vigorously, but also the electoral systems according to which they are conducted. This book was previously published as a special issue of Ethnopolitics.

Author : Brij V. Lal,Peter Larmour
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Constitutional history
ISBN : 1922144509

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Electoral Systems in Divided Societies by Brij V. Lal,Peter Larmour Pdf

Elections can increase tension in ethnically divided societies, like Fiji. The way constituencies are drawn and votes counted can also affect the result. First-past-the post can deliver lopsided results, while proportional representation may give excessive influence to small, fringe parties. Fiji's Constitution Review Commission believed a system of alternative voting in ethnically mixed constituencies would encourage politicians, and parties, to take into account the interests of other ethnic groups. This book assesses their recommendations, looks at alternatives, and considers how they might work in Fiji.

Author : Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly,Andrew Ellis
Publisher : Stockholm : International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114582120

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Electoral System Design by Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly,Andrew Ellis Pdf

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Author : Timothy D. Sisk,Andrew Reynolds
Publisher : US Institute of Peace Press
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1878379798

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Elections and Conflict Management in Africa by Timothy D. Sisk,Andrew Reynolds Pdf

Elections have emerged as one of the most important, and most contentious, features of political life on the African continent. In the first half of this decade, there were more than 20 national elections, serving largely as capstones of peace processes or transitions to democracies. The outcomes of these and more recent elections have been remarkably varied, and the relationship between elections and conflict management is widely debated throughout Africa and among international observers. Elections can either help reduce tensions by reconstituting legitimate government, or they can exacerbate them by further polarizing highly conflictual societies. This timely volume examines the relationship between elections, especially electoral systems, and conflict management in Africa, while also serving as an important reference for other regions. The book brings together for the first time the latest thinking on the many different roles elections can play in democratization and conflict management.

Author : Joanne McEvoy,Brendan O'Leary
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2013-05-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812245011

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Power Sharing in Deeply Divided Places by Joanne McEvoy,Brendan O'Leary Pdf

This volume considers an array of power-sharing systems in divided cities and states, with critical evaluations of their merits and defects as well as explanations of their emergence, maintenance, and failings.

Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution,Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 73 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1999-05-20
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309064460

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Electoral Systems and Conflict in Divided Societies by National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on International Conflict Resolution,Andrew Reynolds,Ben Reilly Pdf

This paper is one of a series being prepared for the National Research Council's Committee on International Conflict Resolution. The committee was organized in late 1995 to respond to a growing need for prevention, management, and resolution of violent conflict in the international arena, a concern about the changing nature and context of such conflict in the post-Cold War era, and a recent expansion of knowledge in the field. The committee's main goal is to advance the practice of conflict resolution by using the methods and critical attitude of science to examine the effectiveness of various techniques and concepts that have been advanced for preventing, managing, and resolving international conflicts. The committee's research agenda has been designed to supplement the work of other groups, particularly the Carnegie Corporation of New York's Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict, which issued its final report in December 1997. The committee has identified a number of specific techniques and concepts of current interest to policy practitioners and has asked leading specialists on each one to carefully review and analyze available knowledge and to summarize what is known about the conditions under which each is or is not effective. These papers present the results of their work.

Author : Ben Reilly,Per Nordlund
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105132096830

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Political Parties in Conflict-prone Societies by Ben Reilly,Per Nordlund Pdf

Well-functioning political parties are essential components of democracy. They organize voters, aggregate and articulate interests, craft policy alternatives, recruit and socialize new candidates for office, set policy-making agendas, integrate disparate groups and individuals into the democratic process, and provide the basis for coordinated electoral and legislative activity. But political parties in many developing democracies remain weak and underdeveloped, often being based around personal, ethnic or regional ties rather than national interests. Today, with more states deciding their leaders through multiparty elections than ever before, many developing democracies seek to shape the development of political parties and party systems by regulating the way parties can form, organize and behave. Most of these ambitious initiatives and innovations emanate from new democracies rather than established Western examples. This volume examines this growing trend in conflict-prone societies towards promoting stable and inclusive political parties via political party regulation and engineering in developing democracies around the world.

Author : Adrian Guelke
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 204 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2013-04-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780745660646

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Politics in Deeply Divided Societies by Adrian Guelke Pdf

The establishment of durable, democratic institutions constitutes one of the major challenges of our age. As countless contemporary examples have shown, it requires far more than simply the holding of free elections. The consolidation of a legitimate constitutional order is difficult to achieve in any society, but it is especially problematic in societies with deep social cleavages. This book provides an authoritative and systematic analysis of the politics of so-called 'deeply divided societies' in the post Cold War era. From Bosnia to South Africa, Northern Ireland to Iraq, it explains why such places are so prone to political violence, and demonstrates why - even in times of peace - the fear of violence continues to shape attitudes, entrenching divisions in societies that already lack consensus on their political institutions. Combining intellectual rigour and accessibility, it examines the challenge of establishing order and justice in such unstable environments, and critically assesses a range of political options available, from partition to power-sharing and various initiatives to promote integration. The Politics of Deeply Divided Societies is an ideal resource for students of comparative politics and related disciplines, as well as anyone with an interest in the dynamics of ethnic conflict and nationalism.