Electron Diffraction Analysis Of Clay Mineral Structures

Author : B. B. Zvyagin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 381 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461586128

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Electron-Diffraction Analysis of Clay Mineral Structures by B. B. Zvyagin Pdf

As a method of structure analysis, electron diffraction has its own spe cial possibilities and advantages in comparison to the X -ray method for the study of finely dispersed minerals with layer or pseudolayer structures. How ever, possibly because of the prior existence of the X-ray method, which found universal application in different fields and attracted the main efforts of spe cialists, electron diffraction has been unevenly disseminated and developed in different countries. In particular, the oblique texture method, which gives very complete and detailed structural information, has been mainly used in the Soviet Union, where electron-diffraction cameras specially suited to the method have been constructed. In other countries, studies have been made of micro-single crystals, because these studies could be carried out with existing electron microscopes. It should be recognized that the scale of distribution and use attained by electron-diffraction methods, at present limited by exist ing experimental conditions. is more than justified by the value of the results which may be obtained by their aid. The author hopes that the present book will give the reader a fuller idea of the valuable advantages of the method, and of the structural crystallography picture which has been built up for clay minerals, and layer silicates in general, from electron-diffraction data. The time between the appearance of this book and that of the Russian edition has been comparatively short.

Author : Boris Borisovich Zvi͡agin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Clay
ISBN : 1461586135

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Electron-diffraction Analysis of Clay Mineral Structures by Boris Borisovich Zvi͡agin Pdf

Author : George William Brindley
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Clay
ISBN : CORNELL:31924057829198

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The X-ray Identification and Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals by George William Brindley Pdf

Author : G. Brown
Publisher : The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1982-06-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780903056083

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Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-Ray Identification by G. Brown Pdf

Structures of layer silicates; order-disorder in clay mineral structures; interlayer and intercalation complexes of clay minerals; interstratified clay minerals; X-ray diffraction procedures for clay mineral identification; associated minerals; quantitative X-ray mineral analysis of clays; appendix: tables for the determination of d in Å from 20 for the Ka and Kb radiations of copper, cobalt and iron.

Author : Victor A. Drits
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642717291

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Electron Diffraction and High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Mineral Structures by Victor A. Drits Pdf

The decision of Springer-Verlag to publish this book in English came as a pleasant surprise. The fact is that I started writing the first version of the book back in 1978. I wished to attract attention to potentialities inherent in selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) which, for various reasons, were not being put to use. By that time, I had at my disposal certain structural data on natural and synthetic minerals obtained using SAED and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and this stimulated my writing this book. There were several aspects concerning these data that I wished to emphasize. First, it was mostly new and understudied minerals that possess the peculiar structural features studied by SAED and HREM. This could interest mineralogists, crystallo chemists, and crystallographers. Second, the results obtained indi cated that, under certain conditions, SAED could be an effective, and sometimes the only possible, method for structure analysis of minerals. This inference was of primary importance, since fine dispersion and poor crystallinity of numerous natural and synthe tic minerals makes their structure study by conventional diffrac tion methods hardly possible. Third, it was demonstrated that in many cases X-ray powder diffraction analysis of dispersed miner als ought to be combined with SAED and local energy dispersion analysis. This was important, since researchers in structural min eralogy quite often ignored, and still ignore even the simplest in formation which is readily available from geometrical analysis of SAED patterns obtained from microcrystals.

Author : Peter R. Buseck
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 532 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2018-12-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501509735

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Minerals and Reactions at the Atomic Scale by Peter R. Buseck Pdf

Volume 27 of Reviews in Mineralogy provides a background to the TEM as a mineralogical tool, to give an introduction to the principles underlying its operation, and to explore mineralogical applications and ways in which electron microscopy can augment our knowledge of mineral structures, chemistry, and origin. Much time will be devoted to mineralogical applications. It provides sufficient information to allow mineralogists and petrologists to have an informed understanding of the data produced by transmission electron microscopy and to have enough knowledge and experience to undertake initial studies on their own. The opening chapters cover the principles of electron microscopy and chemical analysis using the TEM; while the following chapters consider mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical applications and their implications, for both low- and high-temperature geological environments. The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored a short courses in conjunction with their annual meetings with the Geological Society of America, and this volume represents the proceedings of the eighteenth in the sequence. This TEM course was convened October 23-25, 1992, at Hueston Woods State Park, College Comer, Ohio.

Author : Victor A. Drits
Publisher : Springer
Page : 304 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 1987-07-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 3540173234

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Electron Diffraction and High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Mineral Structures by Victor A. Drits Pdf

The decision of Springer-Verlag to publish this book in English came as a pleasant surprise. The fact is that I started writing the first version of the book back in 1978. I wished to attract attention to potentialities inherent in selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) which, for various reasons, were not being put to use. By that time, I had at my disposal certain structural data on natural and synthetic minerals obtained using SAED and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), and this stimulated my writing this book. There were several aspects concerning these data that I wished to emphasize. First, it was mostly new and understudied minerals that possess the peculiar structural features studied by SAED and HREM. This could interest mineralogists, crystallo chemists, and crystallographers. Second, the results obtained indi cated that, under certain conditions, SAED could be an effective, and sometimes the only possible, method for structure analysis of minerals. This inference was of primary importance, since fine dispersion and poor crystallinity of numerous natural and synthe tic minerals makes their structure study by conventional diffrac tion methods hardly possible. Third, it was demonstrated that in many cases X-ray powder diffraction analysis of dispersed miner als ought to be combined with SAED and local energy dispersion analysis. This was important, since researchers in structural min eralogy quite often ignored, and still ignore even the simplest in formation which is readily available from geometrical analysis of SAED patterns obtained from microcrystals.

Author : F. Nieto,K.J.T. Livi
Publisher : The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2013-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780903056342

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Minerals at the Nanoscale by F. Nieto,K.J.T. Livi Pdf

The editors have gathered in this book, reviews of past and current studies of mineral groups that have played important roles in geology, environmental science and health science. The various chapters cover the application of TEM and related techniques to: mineral groups in which TEM investigations have been extensive and crucial to the understanding of their mineralogy, namely pyriboles, serpentines, clays, micas and other metamorphic phyllosilicates, oxides and oxyhydroxides, sulfides and carbonates. Some research fields for which TEM is particularly suitable and which have produced significant advances, in particular, are inclusions and traces, extraterrestrial material, deformation processes, non-stoichiometry and superstructures, and biominerals. Nowadays, we are witnessing the push for the improvement of detectors for imaging (direct detection of electrons) and X-rays (silicon drift detectors and annular high solid-angle of collection detectors), the development of new support materials (e.g. graphene) and liquid cells for TEMs. Most of these new technologies have not yet been applied to mineralogical problems but we hope they will be in the near future.

Author : M.F. Brigatti ,A. Mottana
Publisher : The Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland
Page : 393 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2011-11-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780903056298

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Layered Mineral Structures and their Application in Advanced Technologies by M.F. Brigatti ,A. Mottana Pdf

Layered materials, because of their particular atomic arrangement, are commonly 2characterized by physical and chemical properties of great interest in numerous technological and environmental processes and applications, as better detailed in the body of this volume. Most of these properties play a significant role in Earth sciences, environmental sciences, technology, biotechnology, material sciences and many other scientific areas. The surface properties of layered materials control important interaction processes, such as coagulation, aggregation, sedimentation, filtration, catalysis and ionic transport in porous media. Layered minerals also control many aspects of Earths rheology, i.e. the movement of geological masses, at least as far down as the lower crust. Given this frameset, it should be no surprise that the extremely large field of investigation of these materials can, and in most of the cases must, be approached from several different viewpoints. However, providing full coverage of the immense literature devoted to all the topics above may be impractical, if not impossible. Nevertheless, providing our students, to whom this book is addressed, with fundamental knowledge on different disciplines and providing examples demonstrating the application of these foundations in their daily research, is feasible and certainly useful.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 202 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2011-10-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080869459

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Electron micrographs of clay minerals by Anonim Pdf

Electron micrographs of clay minerals

Author : Clay Minerals Society
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 364 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Clay
ISBN : UOM:39015053966399

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CMS Workshop Lectures by Clay Minerals Society Pdf

Author : I. D. R. Mackinnon,Frederick Albert Mumpton
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 178 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Clay
ISBN : UCSD:31822016458234

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Electron-optical Methods in Clay Science by I. D. R. Mackinnon,Frederick Albert Mumpton Pdf

Transmission electron microscopy: scattering processes, conventional microscopy, and high-resolution imaging; Electron diffraction of clay minerals; Selected applications of nalytical electron microscopy in clay minerals; Selected applications of anlytical electron microscopy in clay mineralogy; Low-temperature analyses in the analytical electron microscope; Application of the electron microprobe and image nalysis in the study of clays; Transmission electron microscopy of phyllosilicate minerals from low-grade chlorotoid-bearing rocks, North Wales; Chemical composition and variation of authigenic illite, rotliegende sandstone (Permian), Southern North Sea.

Author : ROBERT G. REYNOLDS,Duane Milton Moore,Robert C. Reynolds,Professor Department of Earth Sciences Robert C Reynolds
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 378 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Science
ISBN : 0195087135

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X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals by ROBERT G. REYNOLDS,Duane Milton Moore,Robert C. Reynolds,Professor Department of Earth Sciences Robert C Reynolds Pdf

This successful text/reference, now in a new edition, explores the applications and limitations of data produced by the interaction of X-rays with clay minerals. This edition pays particular attention to integrating the mineralogy of soils and features a new chapter on disorder and polytypes. Chapter Four, from the first edition, has been expanded and split into two chapters, "Structure and Properties: General Treatment" and "Structure, Nonmenclature, and Occurrences of Clay Minerals." Essential in agriculture, geology, and in making informed engineering decisions, this text offers the necessary information on the properties of these minerals, combining theoretical discussion with recipe-like directions for laboratory procedures. Ideal for students who have completed introductory geology, chemistry, and mineralogy courses, this text can also be used as a reference for researchers and workers in industry.

Author : P. Michael Terlecky
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Clay
ISBN : UOM:39015095135748

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An Electron-optical Investigation of Soil Clay Minerals and Soil Stabilizing Agent Reactions by P. Michael Terlecky Pdf

Characterization of reference clay mineral standards was accomplished by use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Experiments were conducted to determine the reactions between these clay minerals and lime which was used as a soil stabilizing agent. Examination of clay minerals visually by use of the SEM offers a partial examination of the irreactivity with soil stabilizing agents. Both surface area and surface roughness increase while there is an apparent decrease in the crystallinity of the clay minerals examined in the following order; Kaolinite group, Illite group, and Montmorillonite group. Reactions were studied of several soil clay minerals with various proportions of Ca(OH)2 and both with and without contact with the air. The major product of the reactions is calcite with smaller amounts of the material 3CaO . Al2O3 . CaCO3 . LlH2O. Scanning electron microscopy of the reacted materials shows a rough, 'corroded' surface on the clays as well as the formation of small single crystals of calcite and Ca(OH)2. Experimental studies showed that the problems of swelling soils can be alleviated by a double application Ca(OH)2 under proper moisture conditions. (Author).

Author : Michael Jeffrey Wilson
Publisher : Blackie Academic and Professional
Page : 328 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Clay
ISBN : UCSD:31822002419083

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A Handbook of Determinative Methods in Clay Mineralogy by Michael Jeffrey Wilson Pdf