Electron Spectroscopy Of Crystals

Author : V. Nemoshkalenko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 371 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461329015

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Electron Spectroscopy of Crystals by V. Nemoshkalenko Pdf

This book is conceived as a monograph, and represents an up-to-date collection of information concerning the use of the method of X-ray photoelectron spec troscopy in the study of the electron structure of crystals, as well as a personal interpretation of the subject by the authors. In a natural way, the book starts in Chapter 1 with a recapitulation of the fundamentals of the method, basic relations, principles of operation, and a com parative presentation of the characteristics and performances of the most com monly used ESCA instruments (from the classical ones-Varian, McPherson, Hewlett Packard, and IEEE-up to the latest model developed by Professor Siegbahn in Uppsala), and continues with a discussion of some of the difficult problems the experimentalist must face such as calibration of spectra, prepara tion of samples, and evaluation of the escape depth of electrons. The second chapter is devoted to the theory of photoemission from crystal line solids. A discussion of the methods of Hartree-Fock and Hartree-Fock Slater for the calculation of bonding energy levels in multielectronic systems is presented, and the necessity of including in the theory both relativistic and relaxation effects is argued.

Author : N.I. Ostapenko,V.I. Sugakov,M.T. Shpak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 266 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401116756

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Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals by N.I. Ostapenko,V.I. Sugakov,M.T. Shpak Pdf

Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals presents a masterly summary of the widespread and voluminous literature on the subject, presenting theoretical and experimental investigations of electron and vibronic optical spectra of organic crystals. Electronic states of defects combine to form crystal near-to-band and band levels. These are discrete states in the vicinity of exciton bands, surface and dislocational excitons, etc. Some studies have expressed dissimilar or even conflicting opinions about the nature of observed phenomena. In the choice of the material, preference has been given to phenomena which have received a theoretical interpretation. Some attention is paid to observations which are not completely understood and also to effects predicted but not yet confirmed. The monograph will be useful for scientists as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of solid state physics.

Author : Donald T. Hawkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 305 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781468413878

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Auger Electron Spectroscopy by Donald T. Hawkins Pdf

Auger electron spectroscopy is rapidly developing into the single most powerful analytical technique in basic and applied science.for investigating the chemical and structural properties of solids. Its ex plosive growth beginning in 1967 was triggered by the development of Auger analyzers capable of de tecting one atom layer of material in a fraction of a second. Continued growth was guaranteed firstly by the commercial availability of apparatus which combined the capabilities of scanning electron mi croscopy and ion-mill depth profiling with Auger analysis, and secondly by the increasing need to know the atomistics of many processes in fundamental research and engineering applications. The expanding use of Auger analysis was accompanied by an increase in the number of publications dealing with it. Because of the developing nature of Auger spectroscopy, the articles have appeared in many different sources covering diverse disciplines, so that it is extremely difficult to discover just what has or has not been subjected to Auger analysis. In this situation, a comprehensive bibliography is obviou-sly useful to those both inside and outside the field. For those in the field, this bibliography should be a wonderful time saver for locating certain references, in researching a particular topic, or when considering various aspects of instrumentation or data analysis. This bibliography not only provides the most complete listing of references pertinent to surface Auger analysis available today, but it is also a basis for extrapolating from past trends to future expectations.

Author : R.J. Elliott,I.P. Ipatova
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 454 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444598257

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Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals by R.J. Elliott,I.P. Ipatova Pdf

``Optical Properties of Mixed Crystals'' is concerned with the description of optical processes in substitutionally disordered semiconductors and insulators which can be basically described through their elementary excitations. Two of the chapters relate to the phonon response including the effect of side bands on electron transitions. Two relate to electronic spectra, one on photoelectron spectroscopy and the other on excitons. A further chapter deals with magnons in magnetic crystals and a final chapter is related to fluctuations and band edge effects.Each chapter deals with a specific class of excitation, but the book makes it clear that the fundamental structure of the excitation spectra, including band formation, band tailing and localisation is common to every type of excitation. The volume shows how some basic concepts and ideas can be widely applied to bring coherence and understanding to a diverse area of solid state physics. It therefore provides an up-to-date summary of the experimental and theoretical situation in an important and rapidly developing field and brings together for the first time a discussion of the many different types of spectra which appear in mixed crystals.

Author : H. Ibach,D. L. Mills
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 379 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2013-10-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781483259451

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Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations by H. Ibach,D. L. Mills Pdf

Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibrations is devoted to electron energy loss spectroscopy as a probe of the crystal surface. Electrons with energy in the range of a few electron volts sample only a few atomic layers. As they approach or exit from the crystal, they interact with the vibrational modes of the crystal surface, or possibly with other elementary excitations localized there. The energy spectrum of electrons back-reflected from the surface is thus a rich source of information on its dynamics. The book opens with a detailed analysis of the physics that controls the operation of the monochromator, which is the core of the experimental apparatus. Separate chapters follow on the interaction of electrons with vibrational modes of the surface region and with other elementary excitations in the vicinity; the lattice dynamics of clean and adsorbate-covered surfaces, with emphasis on those features of particular relevance to surface vibrational spectroscopy; and selected applications vibration spectroscopy in surface physics and chemistry.

Author : Donald S. McClure
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 1964-01-01
Category : Crystals
ISBN : 0126084742

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Electronic Spectra of Molecules and Ions in Crystals by Donald S. McClure Pdf

Author : Donald S. McClure
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 175 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 1959
Category : Crystals
ISBN : OCLC:1025202595

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Electronic Spectra of Molecules and Ions in Crystals by Donald S. McClure Pdf

Author : John Anthony Pescatore
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 460 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Biphenyl compounds
ISBN : UCR:31210010054458

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Electronic Spectroscopy of the Molecular Crystal of N by John Anthony Pescatore Pdf

Author : A.A. Kaplyanskii,R.M. McFarlane
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 767 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780444598271

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Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions by A.A. Kaplyanskii,R.M. McFarlane Pdf

``Spectroscopy of Crystals Containing Rare Earth Ions'' contains chapters on some key problems selected from a broad range of spectroscopic studies of RE-activated solids including both crystalline and glassy materials. Progress in crystal field theory is surveyed, an area which is basic to our understanding of the energy levels. The treatment of dynamical properties includes studies of coherence phenomena in isolated ions, energy transfer between ions and co-operative phenomena associated with ion-ion and ion-lattice interactions. In addition, the role of electron spins and nuclear spins is studied by light scattering and double resonance techniques. The presence of inhomogeneous broadening of spectral lines is observed and studied in many contexts, leading to new insights into general problems of the disordered state. Considerable attention is devoted to describing new experimental techniques whose development is of prime importance for progress in the spectroscopy of RE-activated solids. Many of these rely on the development and application of tunable lasers. At the moment this is a very active field of spectroscopy with more exciting developments likely to occur in the future.

Author : V.G Tsirelson,R.P Ozerov
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 529 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2020-11-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000112351

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Electron Density and Bonding in Crystals by V.G Tsirelson,R.P Ozerov Pdf

Electron Density and Bonding in Crystals: Principles, Theory and X-Ray Diffraction Experiments in Solid State Physics and Chemistry provides a comprehensive, unified account of the use of diffraction techniques to determine the distribution of electrons in crystals. The book discusses theoretical and practical techniques, the application of electron density studies to chemical bonding, and the determination of the physical properties of condensed matter. The book features the authors' own key contributions to the subject as well a thorough, critical summary of the extensive literature on electron density and bonding. Logically organized, coverage ranges from the theoretical and experimental basis of electron density determination to its impact on investigations of the nature of the chemical bond and its uses in determining electromagnetic and optical properties of crystals. The main text is supplemented by appendices that provide clear, concise guidance on aspects such as systems of units, quantum theory of atomic vibrations, atomic orbitals, and creation and annihilation operators. The result is a valuable compendium of modern knowledge on electron density distributions, making this reference a standard for crystallographers, condensed matter physicists, theoretical chemists, and materials scientists.

Author : Sergey Samarin,Oleg Artamonov,Jim Williams
Publisher : Springer
Page : 232 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2018-09-20
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030006570

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Spin-Polarized Two-Electron Spectroscopy of Surfaces by Sergey Samarin,Oleg Artamonov,Jim Williams Pdf

This book presents developments of techniques for detection and analysis of two electrons resulting from the interaction of a single incident electron with a solid surface. Spin dependence in scattering of spin-polarized electrons from magnetic and non-magnetic surfaces is governed by exchange and spin-orbit effects. The effects of spin and angular electron momentum are shown through symmetry of experimental geometries: (i) normal and off normal electron incidence on a crystal surface, (ii) spin polarization directions within mirror planes of the surface, and (iii) rotation and interchange of detectors with respect to the surface normal. Symmetry considerations establish relationships between the spin asymmetry of two-electron distributions and the spin asymmetry of Spectral Density Function of the sample, hence providing information on the spin-dependent sample electronic structure. Detailed energy and angular distributions of electron pairs carry information on the electron-electron interaction and electron correlation inside the solid. The “exchange – correlation hole” associated with Coulomb and exchange electron correlation in solids can be visualized using spin-polarized two-electron spectroscopy. Also spin entanglement of electron pairs can be probed. A description of correlated electron pairs generation from surfaces using other types of incident particles, such as photons, ions, positrons is also presented.

Author : Pierre Becker
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 885 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781468410181

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Electron and Magnetization Densities in Molecules and Crystals by Pierre Becker Pdf

The interest of describing the ground state properties of a system in terms of one electron density (or its two spin components) is obvious, in particular due to the simple physical significance of this function. Recent experimental progress in diffraction made the measurement of charge and magnetization densities in crystalline solids possible, with an accuracy at least as good as theoretical accuracy. Theoretical developments of the many-body problem have proved the extreme importance of the one electron density function and presently, accurate methods of band structure determination become available. Parallel to the diffraction techniques, other domains of research (inelastic scattering, resonance, molecular spectroscopy) deal with quantities directly related to the one particle density. But the two types of studies do not interfere enough and one should obviously gain more information by interpreting all experiments that are related to the density together. It became necessary to have an International School that reviews the status of the art in the domain of "ELECTRON AND MAGNETIZATION DENSITIES IN MOLECULES AND CRYSTALS". This was made possible through the generous effort of N.A.T.O. 's Scientific Affairs Division, and I would specially thank Dr. T. KESTER, the head of this Division, for his help and competence. An Advanced Study Institute was thus held in ARLES, south France, from the 16th to the 31st of August 1978.

Author : L. Sorin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461586906

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Electron Spin Resonance of Paramagnetic Crystals by L. Sorin Pdf

The authors of this contribution to the literature of resonance spectroscopy in paramagnetic systems are primarily concerned with the properties of the rare earth ions and, as such, the formal derivation of crystal field theory is set out in a manner which reflects this dominant interest. The ions of the 3d transition group are perhaps given too cursory a treatment in Chapter Two for those students of RF spectroscopy who have a somewhat less rare-earth oriented interest in the subject. Since the exam ples cited in the text do include some 3d transition ions, it is perhaps worthwhile in a preface of this sort to extend the broad theoretical concepts and group characteriza tion of Chapter Two to cover, in a somewhat more detailed manner, the derivation of the spin-Hamiltonian for this case. In Chapter Two, mention is made of the fact that for the 4f rare earth ions the spin orbit coupling energy is in general large compared to the crystal field influence of the surrounding ligand matrix. In such a case, the quantum number J is a good quantum number for the rare earth ion in question and the crystal field effects are taken into account within 1M, states. In this formulation, which is pursued in detail in this book, the effects of spin-orbit coupling have been taken care of at the very outset by the d~"ining of the 1M, states.

Author : H. Ibach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642810992

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Electron Spectroscopy for Surface Analysis by H. Ibach Pdf

The development of surface physics and surface chemistry as a science is closely related to the technical development of a number of methods involving electrons either as an excitation source or as an emitted particle carrying characteristic information. Many of these various kinds of electron spectroscopies have become commercially available and have made their way into industrial laboratories. Others are still in an early stage, but may become of increasing importance in the future. In this book an assessment of the various merits and possible drawbacks of the most frequently used electron spectroscopies is attempted. Emphasis is put on prac tical examples and experimental design rather than on theoretical considerations. The book addresses itself to the reader who wishes to know which electron spectroscopy or which combination of different electron spectroscopies he may choose for the particular problems under investigation. After a brief introduction the practical design of electron spectrometers and their figures of merit important for the different applications are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 deals with electron excited electron spectroscopies which are used for the elemental analysis of surfaces. Structure analysis by electron diffrac tion is described in Chapter 4 with special emphasis on the use of electron diffrac tion for the investigation of surface imperfections. For the application of electron diffraction to surface crystallography in general, the reader is referred to Volume 4 of "Topics in Applied Physics".

Author : Kenneth William Andrews,David John Dyson,Samuel Robert Keown
Publisher : Springer
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781489964755

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Interpretation of Electron Diffraction Patterns by Kenneth William Andrews,David John Dyson,Samuel Robert Keown Pdf