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Analog-to-Digital Conversion by Marcel J.M. Pelgrom Pdf
A book is like a window that allows you to look into the world. The window is shaped by the author and that makes that every window presents a unique view of the world. This is certainly true for this book. It is shaped by the topics and the projects throughout my career. Even more so, this book re?ects my own style of working and thinking. That starts already in Chap. 2. When I joined Philips Research in 1979, many of my colleagues used little paper notebooks to keep track of the most used equations and other practical things. This notebook was the beginning for Chap. 2: a collection of topics that form the basis for much of the other chapters. Chapter2 is not intended to explain these topics, but to refresh your knowledge and help you when you need some basics to solve more complex issues. In the chapters discussing the fundamental processes of conversion, you will r- ognize my preoccupation with mathematics. I really enjoy ?nding an equation that properly describes the underlying mechanism. Nevertheless mathematics is not a goalonitsown:theequationshelptounderstandthewaythevariablesareconnected to the result. Real insight comes from understanding the physics and electronics. In the chapters on circuit design I have tried to reduce the circuit diagrams to the s- plest form, but not simpler. . . I do have private opinions on what works and what should not be applied.
Analog-Digital Converters for Industrial Applications Including an Introduction to Digital-Analog Converters by Frank Ohnhäuser Pdf
This book offers students and those new to the topic of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) a broad introduction, before going into details of the state-of-the-art design techniques for SAR and DS converters, including the latest research topics, which are valuable for IC design engineers as well as users of ADCs in applications. The book then addresses important topics, such as correct connectivity of ADCs in an application, the verification, characterization and testing of ADCs that ensure high-quality end products. Analog-to-digital converters are the central element in any data processing system and regulation loops such as modems or electrical motor drives. They significantly affect the performance and resolution of a system or end product. System development engineers need to be familiar with the performance parameters of the converters and understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various architectures. Integrated circuit development engineers have to overcome the problem of achieving high performance and resolution with the lowest possible power dissipation, while the digital circuitry generates distortion in supply, ground and substrate. This book explains the connections and gives suggestions for obtaining the highest possible resolution. Novel trends are illustrated in the design of analog-to-digital converters based on successive approximation and the difficulties in the development of continuous-time delta-sigma modulators are also discussed.
Analog-to-Digital Conversion by Marcel Pelgrom Pdf
This textbook is appropriate for use in graduate-level curricula in analog-to-digital conversion, as well as for practicing engineers in need of a state-of-the-art reference on data converters. It discusses various analog-to-digital conversion principles, including sampling, quantization, reference generation, nyquist architectures and sigma-delta modulation. This book presents an overview of the state of the art in this field and focuses on issues of optimizing accuracy and speed, while reducing the power level. This new, third edition emphasizes novel calibration concepts, the specific requirements of new systems, the consequences of 22-nm technology and the need for a more statistical approach to accuracy. Pedagogical enhancements to this edition include additional, new exercises, solved examples to introduce all key, new concepts and warnings, remarks and hints, from a practitioner's perspective, wherever appropriate. Considerable background information and practical tips, from designing a PCB, to lay-out aspects, to trade-offs on system level, complement the discussion of basic principles, making this book a valuable reference for the experienced engineer.
Integrated Analog-To-Digital and Digital-To-Analog Converters by Rudy J. van de Plassche Pdf
Analog-to-digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (D/A) converters provide the link between the analog world of transducers and the digital world of signal processing, computing and other digital data collection or data processing systems. Several types of converters have been designed, each using the best available technology at a given time for a given application. For example, high-performance bipolar and MOS technologies have resulted in the design of high-resolution or high-speed converters with applications in digital audio and video systems. In addition, high-speed bipolar technologies enable conversion speeds to reach the gigaHertz range and thus have applications in HDTV and digital oscilloscopes. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters describes in depth the theory behind and the practical design of these circuits. It describes the different techniques to improve the accuracy in high-resolution A/D and D/A converters and also special techniques to reduce the number of elements in high-speed A/D converters by repetitive use of comparators. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters is the most comprehensive book available on the subject. Starting from the basic elements of theory necessary for a complete understanding of the design of A/D and D/A converters, this book describes the design of high-speed A/D converters, high-accuracy D/A and A/D converters, sample-and-hold amplifiers, voltage and current reference sources, noise-shaping coding and sigma-delta converters. Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters contains a comprehensive bibliography and index and also includes a complete set of problems. This book is ideal for use in an advanced course on the subject and is an essential reference for researchers and practicing engineers.
Low-Power High-Resolution Analog to Digital Converters by Amir Zjajo,José Pineda de Gyvez Pdf
With the fast advancement of CMOS fabrication technology, more and more signal-processing functions are implemented in the digital domain for a lower cost, lower power consumption, higher yield, and higher re-configurability. This has recently generated a great demand for low-power, low-voltage A/D converters that can be realized in a mainstream deep-submicron CMOS technology. However, the discrepancies between lithography wavelengths and circuit feature sizes are increasing. Lower power supply voltages significantly reduce noise margins and increase variations in process, device and design parameters. Consequently, it is steadily more difficult to control the fabrication process precisely enough to maintain uniformity. The inherent randomness of materials used in fabrication at nanoscopic scales means that performance will be increasingly variable, not only from die-to-die but also within each individual die. Parametric variability will be compounded by degradation in nanoscale integrated circuits resulting in instability of parameters over time, eventually leading to the development of faults. Process variation cannot be solved by improving manufacturing tolerances; variability must be reduced by new device technology or managed by design in order for scaling to continue. Similarly, within-die performance variation also imposes new challenges for test methods. In an attempt to address these issues, Low-Power High-Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters specifically focus on: i) improving the power efficiency for the high-speed, and low spurious spectral A/D conversion performance by exploring the potential of low-voltage analog design and calibration techniques, respectively, and ii) development of circuit techniques and algorithms to enhance testing and debugging potential to detect errors dynamically, to isolate and confine faults, and to recover errors continuously. The feasibility of the described methods has been verified by measurements from the silicon prototypes fabricated in standard 180nm, 90nm and 65nm CMOS technology.
Micro-electronics and so integrated circuit design are heavily driven by technology scaling. The main engine of scaling is an increased system performance at reduced manufacturing cost (per system). In most systems digital circuits dominate with respect to die area and functional complexity. Digital building blocks take full - vantage of reduced device geometries in terms of area, power per functionality, and switching speed. On the other hand, analog circuits rely not on the fast transition speed between a few discrete states but fairly on the actual shape of the trans- tor characteristic. Technology scaling continuously degrades these characteristics with respect to analog performance parameters like output resistance or intrinsic gain. Below the 100 nm technology node the design of analog and mixed-signal circuits becomes perceptibly more dif cult. This is particularly true for low supply voltages near to 1V or below. The result is not only an increased design effort but also a growing power consumption. The area shrinks considerably less than p- dicted by the digital scaling factor. Obviously, both effects are contradictory to the original goal of scaling. However, digital circuits become faster, smaller, and less power hungry. The fast switching transitions reduce the susceptibility to noise, e. g. icker noise in the transistors. There are also a few drawbacks like the generation of power supply noise or the lack of power supply rejection.
Analog Circuit Design by Rudy J. van de Plassche,Johan Huijsing,Willy M.C. Sansen Pdf
This book contains the extended and revised editions of all the talks of the ninth AACD Workshop held in Hotel Bachmair, April 11 - 13 2000 in Rottach-Egem, Germany. The local organization was managed by Rudolf Koch of Infineon Technologies AG, Munich, Germany. The program consisted of six tutorials per day during three days. Experts in the field presented these tutorials and state of the art information is communicated. The audience at the end of the workshop selects program topics for the following workshop. The program committee, consisting of Johan Huijsing of Delft University of Technology, Willy Sansen of Katholieke Universiteit Leuven and Rudy van de Plassche of Broadcom Netherlands BV Bunnik elaborates the selected topics into a three-day program and selects experts in the field for presentation. Each AACD Workshop has given rise to publication of a book by Kluwer entitled "Analog Circuit Design". A series of nine books in a row provides valuable information and good overviews of all analog circuit techniques concerning design, CAD, simulation and device modeling. These books can be seen as a reference to those people involved in analog and mixed signal design. The aim of the workshop is to brainstorm on new and valuable design ideas in the area of analog circuit design. It is the hope of the program committee that this ninth book continues the tradition of emerging contributions to the design of analog and mixed signal systems in Europe and the rest of the world.
Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters by Simon Louwsma,Ed van Tuijl,Bram Nauta Pdf
Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the research performed on low-power time-interleaved ADCs. A detailed theoretical analysis is made of the time-interleaved Track & Hold, since it must be capable of handling signals in the GHz range with little distortion, and minimal power consumption. Timing calibration is not attractive, therefore design techniques are presented which do not require timing calibration. The design of power efficient sub-ADCs is addressed with a theoretical analysis of a successive approximation converter and a pipeline converter. It turns out that the first can consume about 10 times less power than the latter, and this conclusion is supported by literature. Time-interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters describes the design of a high performance time-interleaved ADC, with much attention for practical design aspects, aiming at both industry and research. Measurements show best-inclass performance with a sample-rate of 1.8 GS/s, 7.9 ENOBs and a power efficiency of 1 pJ/conversion-step.
Dynamic Characterisation of Analogue-to-Digital Converters by Dominique Dallet,José Machado da Silva Pdf
The Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) is the most pervasive block in electronic systems. With the advent of powerful digital signal processing and digital communication techniques, ADCs are fast becoming critical components for system’s performance and flexibility. Knowing accurately all the parameters that characterise their dynamic behaviour is crucial, on one hand to select the most adequate ADC architecture and characteristics for each end application, and on the other hand, to understand how they affect performance bottlenecks in the signal processing chain. Dynamic Characterisation of Analogue-to-Digital Converters presents a state of the art overview of the methods and procedures employed for characterising ADCs’ dynamic performance behaviour using sinusoidal stimuli. The three classical methods – histogram, sine wave fitting, and spectral analysis – are thoroughly described, and new approaches are proposed to circumvent some of their limitations. This is a must-have compendium, which can be used by both academics and test professionals to understand the fundamental mathematics underlining the algorithms of ADC testing, and as an handbook to help the engineer in the most important and critical details for their implementation.
Reference-Free CMOS Pipeline Analog-to-Digital Converters by Michael Figueiredo,João Goes,Guiomar Evans Pdf
This book shows that digitally assisted analog to digital converters are not the only way to cope with poor analog performance caused by technology scaling. It describes various analog design techniques that enhance the area and power efficiency without employing any type of digital calibration circuitry. These techniques consist of self-biasing for PVT enhancement, inverter-based design for improved speed/power ratio, gain-of-two obtained by voltage sum instead of charge redistribution, and current-mode reference shifting instead of voltage reference shifting. Together, these techniques allow enhancing the area and power efficiency of the main building blocks of a multiplying digital-to-analog converter (MDAC) based stage, namely, the flash quantizer, the amplifier, and the switched capacitor network of the MDAC. Complementing the theoretical analyses of the various techniques, a power efficient operational transconductance amplifier is implemented and experimentally characterized. Furthermore, a medium-low resolution reference-free high-speed time-interleaved pipeline ADC employing all mentioned design techniques and circuits is presented, implemented and experimentally characterized. This ADC is said to be reference-free because it precludes any reference voltage, therefore saving power and area, as reference circuits are not necessary. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of the techniques which enabled the implementation of area and power efficient circuits.
High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Conversion by Michael J. Demler Pdf
This book covers the theory and applications of high-speed analog-to-digital conversion. An analog-to-digital converter takes real-world inputs (such as visual images, temperature readings, and rates of speed) and transforms them into digital form for processing by computer. This book discusses the design and uses of such circuits, with particular emphasis on improving the speed of the conversion process and the accuracy of its output--how well the output is a corresponding digital representation of the output*b1input signal. As computers become increasingly interfaced to the outside world, "ADC" techniques will become ever more important.
Data Conversion Handbook by Walt Kester,Analog Devices Inc., Engineeri,Analog Devices, inc Pdf
This complete update of a classic handbook originally created by Analog Devices and never previously published offers the most complete and up-to-date reference available on data conversion, from the world authority on the subject. It describes in depth the theory behind and the practical design of data conversion circuits. It describes the different architectures used in A/D and D/A converters - including many advances that have been made in this technology in recent years - and provides guidelines on which types are best suited for particular applications. It covers error characterization and testing specifications, essential design information that is difficult to find elsewhere. The book also contains a wealth of practical application circuits for interfacing and supporting A/D and D/A converters within an electronic system. In short, everything an electronics engineer needs to know about data converters can be found in this volume, making it an indispensable reference with broad appeal. The accompanying CD-ROM provides software tools for testing and analyzing data converters as well as a searchable pdf version of the text. * brings together a huge amount of information impossible to locate elsewhere. * many recent advances in converter technology simply aren't covered in any other book. * a must-have design reference for any electronics design engineer or technician
