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Electrostatic accelerators are an important and widespread subgroup within the broad spectrum of modern, large particle acceleration devices. They are specifically designed for applications that require high-quality ion beams in terms of energy stability and emittance at comparatively low energies (a few MeV). Their ability to accelerate virtually any kind of ion over a continuously tunable range of energies makes them a highly versatile tool for investigations in many research fields including, but not limited to, atomic and nuclear spectroscopy, heavy ion reactions, accelerator mass spectroscopy as well as ion-beam analysis and modification. The book is divided into three parts. The first part concisely introduces the field of accelerator technology and techniques that emphasize their major modern applications. The second part treats the electrostatic accelerator per se: its construction and operational principles as well as its maintenance. The third part covers all relevant applications in which electrostatic accelerators are the preferred tool for accelerator-based investigations. Since some topics are common to all types of accelerators, Electrostatic Accelerators will also be of value for those more familiar with other types of accelerators.
The Electrostatic Accelerator by Ragnar Hellborg,Harry J Whitlow Pdf
Electrostatic Accelerators have been at the forefront of modern technology since the development by Sir John Cockroft and Ernest Walton in 1932 of the first accelerator, which was the first to achieve nuclear transmutation and earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951. The applications of Cockroft and Walton's development have been far reaching, even into our kitchens where it is employed to generate the high voltage needed for the magnetron in microwave ovens. Other electrostatic accelerator related Nobel prize winning developments that have had a major socio-economic impact are; the electron microscope where the beams of electrons are produced by an electrostatic accelerator, X-rays and computer tomography (CT) scanners where the X-rays are produced using an electron accelerator and microelectronic technology where ion implantation is used to dope the semiconductor chips which form the basis of our computers, mobile phones and entertainment systems. Although the Electrostatic Accelerator field is over 90 years old, and only a handful of accelerators are used for their original purpose in nuclear physics, the field and the number of accelerators is growing more rapidly than ever. The objective of this book is to collect together the basic science and technology that underlies the Electrostatic Accelerator field so it can serve as a handbook, reference guide and textbook for accelerator engineers as well as students and researchers who work with Electrostatic Accelerators.
Dieses einschlägige Lehrbuch, entwickelt auf der Grundlage der Ausbildung an der US Particle Accelerator School, schließt eine Lücke in der verfügbaren Literatur zum Thema Hochfrequenz-Linearbeschleuniger, kurz RF-Linac. Nach einer Erläuterung der naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen und der neuesten technologischen Eckdaten stellt diese zweite Auflage neueste RF-Linacs, spezialisierte Systeme, Systeme mit Supraleitern und verschiedene Spezialverfahren vor. Übungsaufgaben an den Kapitelenden erleichtern das Einprägen und das Nacharbeiten von Vorlesungen.
Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators by J. Takács Pdf
Electrostatic accelerators, such as the Van de Graaf generator, are among the most established and well-developed particle accelerators. One of the key issues in the maturation of these accelerators has been the development of methods used to stabilize the energies of the particles they produce. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators presents a comprehensive overview of the key methods of stabilizing the energy of ions produced by electrostatic accelerators. After giving comprehensive background information on the subject, it explains the basis of high voltage generation, covering both the Van de Graaf charge transfer and the Crockcroft Walton voltage multiplier principle. This is followed by a description of the various methods used to detect the fluctuation in the energy of the accelerated ions. The later chapters describe the various ways used to stabilize the energy of the ions, gradually leading the reader to models of more complicated multi-loop stabilizers, composed from the simple models derived in the previous chapters. Some of the information on the mathematical modeling of physical phenomena applied in the stabilization has not been published before. Also featured is a whole chapter devoted to the problem of modulating the energy of the ions to a predetermined way. Energy Stabilization of Electrostatic Accelerators has been written with the accelerator designer and user in mind, but will also prove extremely useful to researchers and graduate students engaged in accelerator-based research, both pure and applied, whose interests lie in improving accelerator performance. It assumes only a basic knowledge of feedback and control system theory and Laplace transformation, which makes it readily understandable for any readers with physics and electronic engineering backgrounds.
Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering by Alex Chao Pdf
Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this handbook focuses on Linacs, Synchrotrons and Storage Rings and is intended as a vade mecum for professional engineers and physicists engaged in these subjects. Here one will find, in addition to the common formulae of previous compilations, hard to find specialized formulae, recipes and material data pooled from the lifetime experiences of many of the world's most able practitioners of the art and science of accelerator building and operation.
RF Linear Accelerators for Medical and Industrial Applications by Samy Hanna Pdf
This unique resource offers you a clear overview of medical and industrial accelerators. Using minimal mathematics, this book focuses on offering thorough explanations of basic concepts surrounding the operation of accelerators. You find well illustrated discussions designed to help you use accelerator-based systems in a safer, more productive, and more reliable manner. This practical book details the manufacturing process for producing accelerators for medical and industrial applications. You become knowledgeable about the commonly encountered real-world manufacturing issues and potential sources of defects which help you avoid costly production problems. From principles of operation and the role of accelerators in cancer radiation therapy, to manufacturing techniques and future trends in accelerator design and applications, this easy-to-comprehend volume quickly brings you up-to-speed with the critical concepts you need to understand for your work in the field.
Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators by Chao Alexander Wu,Chou Weiren Pdf
Volume 10 in the series of the annual journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST), will be its final volume. Its theme is 'The Future of Accelerators'. This volume, together with previous 9 volumes, gives readers a complete picture as well as detailed technical information about the accelerator field, and its many driving and fascinating aspects.This volume has 17 articles. The first 15 articles have a different approach from the previous volumes. They emphasize the more personal views, perspectives and advice from the frontier researchers rather than provide a review or survey of a specific subfield. This emphasis is more aligned with the theme of the current volume. The other two articles are dedicated respectively to Leon Lederman and Burton Richter, two prominent leaders of our community who left us last year.
Engines of Discovery by Andrew Sessler,Edmund Wilson Pdf
The first edition of Engines of Discovery celebrated in words, images and anecdotes the accelerators and their constructors that culminated in the discovery of the Higgs boson. But even before the Higgs was discovered, before the champagne corks popped and while the television producers brushed up their quantum mechanics, a new wave of enthusiasm for accelerators to be applied for more practical purposes was gaining momentum. Almost all fields of human endeavour will be enhanced by this trend: energy conservation, medical diagnostics and treatment, national security, as well as industrial processing. Accelerators have been used most spectacularly to reveal the structure of the complex molecules that determine our metabolism and life. For every accelerator chasing the Higgs, there are now ten thousand serving other purposes. It is high time to move from abstract mathematics and philosophy to the practical needs of humankind. It is the aim of this revised and expanded edition to describe this revolution in a manner which will attract the young, not only to apply their curiosity to the building blocks of matter but to help them contribute to the improvement of the quality of life itself on this planet. As always, the authors have tried to avoid lengthy mathematical description. In describing a field which reaches out to almost all of today's cutting edge technology, some detailed explanation cannot be avoided but this has been confined to sidebars. References guide experts to move on to the journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology and other publications for more information. But first we would urge every young physicist, teacher, journalist and politician to read this book. Contents:Electrostatic AcceleratorsCyclotronsLinear AcceleratorsBetatronsSynchrotronsCollidersNeutrino Super Beams, Neutrino Factories and Muon CollidersDetectorsHigh-Energy and Nuclear PhysicsSynchrotron Radiation SourcesIsotope Production and Cancer Therapy AcceleratorsSpallation Neutron SourcesAccelerators in Industry and ElsewhereNational SecurityEnergy and the EnvironmentA Final Word — Mainly to the Young Readership: Scientists, research physicists, engineers and administrators at accelerator laboratories; general readers; undergraduates and graduates in physics, electrical engineering and the history of science. Keywords:Particle Accelerators;Physics;Engineering;History;International;Synchrotron;Collider;Linac;Radiation TreatmentReviews: “This updated edition of Engines of Discovery convincingly demonstrates that ‘a century of particle accelerators’ is still progressing, and the history of these ingenious machines will span centuries. A fascinating story of inventions and breakthroughs, presented to us by two prominent scientists, takes the reader through a mesmerising gallery of revolutionary developments in accelerator science and technology. The book is a wonderful source of inspiration and will be a great companion to the young and curious who, undoubtedly, will be the ones to make new breakthroughs and new discoveries in the future.” Professor Andrei A Seryi Director, John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science University of Oxford, Royal Holloway University of London and Imperial College London “Andrew Sessler's and Edmund Wilson's history of accelerators is a rich tapestry illustrating an intellectual adventure story with its own heroes, dramas, competitions, and even missteps and a few villains. They explain the imaginative physical and engineering insights that accelerator pioneers have employed to make modern accelerators engines of commerce and engines of well being as well as the quintessential engines of discovery. They describe this human enterprise in language that is easily accessible to the layman. Their book is lavishly illustrated with photographs of ground-breaking machines and their applications from the dawn of the accelerator age to the present.” William A Barletta USPAS Director Adjunct Professor of Physics, MIT & UCLA Visiting Professor of Economics, Univ. of Ljubljana “Accelerators have become essential tools in many areas of research, ranging from medicine through biology, chemistry and physics to archaeology. They also play vital roles in medicine and industry. Sessler and Wilson's wide-ranging history of the development of accelerators and their uses will appeal to everyone with an interest in how science and technology progress. They provide an insiders' perspective, illustrated by a wealth of anecdotes and sketches of engineers and scientists who have advanced the state of the art. Their book will enlighten and entertain experts as well as general readers.” Professor Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith FRS Director of Energy Research Oxford University President of the Council of SESAME (Synchrotron-light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East), and Director General of CERN (1994–98) “In this revised edition of Engines of Discovery, the authors have substantially expanded their text on accelerators. From principles to applications reaching deep into the specialized fields involving dedicated accelerators, the book describes the history and the state of the art of accelerator-based facilities used by experimental scientists worldwide. In particular the applications of accelerators in research and industry, medicine and security systems highlight the important role of accelerators and their vast impact on our daily life.” Norbert Holtkamp Associate Laboratory Director, Accelerator Directorate SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford “This book will stand as part of Andrew Sessler's legacy to future generations. The hope is that it will inspire budding young scientists and engineers today, for they are the future of the field.” Christine Sutton CERN “In conclusion, the book offers a very pleasant trip in the world of accelerators and applications, putting particular emphasis on the facilities designed and realized to give answers to common life questions.” Il Nuovo Saggiatore
Symposium Of North Eastern Accelerator Personnel, Sneap 30 by Robert J Schneider,Karl F Von Reden Pdf
SNEAP is a community of personnel involved with particle accelerators and their use. Founded in 1968, the organization gathers annually to discuss and exchange information to the benefit of all who attend. The topics covered include ion sources, electrostatic accelerators, telemetry and control systems, safety issues and many other topics relevant to the operation of small to medium-sized electrostatic accelerator laboratories. For SNEAP 30 a special session will be devoted to interdisciplinary applications of accelerators.
Laser and Ion Beam Modification of Materials by I. Yamada,H. Ishiwara,E. Kamijo Pdf
Laser and Ion Beam Modification of Materials is a compilation of materials from the proceedings of the symposium U: Material Synthesis and Modification by Ion beams and Laser Beams. This collection discusses the founding of the KANSAI Science City in Japan, and the structures, equipment, and research projects of two institutions are discussed pertaining to eV-MeV ion beams. A description of ion beams as used in materials research and in manufacturing processes, along with trends in ion implantation technology in semiconductors, is discussed. Research into ion beams by China and its industrial uses in non-semiconductor area is noted. For industrial applications, developing technology in terms of high speed, large surface modifications and use of high doses is important. Thus, the development of different ion beam approaches is examined. Industrial applications of ion and laser processing are discussed as cluster beams are used in solid state physics and chemistry. Mention is made on a high power discharge pumped solid state physics (ArF) excimer laser as a potential light source for better material processing. Under ion beam material processing is nanofabrication using focused ion beams, important for research work in mesoscopic systems. Progress in the use of ion-beam mixing using kinetic energy of ion-beams to mingle with pre-deposited surface layers of substrate materials has shown promise. Advanced materials researchers and scientists, as well as academicians in the field of nuclear physics, will find this collection helpful.
