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Advanced Euclidean Geometry by Roger A. Johnson Pdf
This classic text explores the geometry of the triangle and the circle, concentrating on extensions of Euclidean theory, and examining in detail many relatively recent theorems. 1929 edition.
Euclid's Elements (the Thirteen Books) by Euclid Pdf
Euclid was a mathematician from the Greek city of Alexandria who lived during the 4th and 3rd century B.C. and is often referred to as the "father of geometry." Within his foundational treatise "Elements," Euclid presents the results of earlier mathematicians and includes many of his own theories in a systematic, concise book that utilized a brief set of axioms and meticulous proofs to solidify his deductions. In addition to its easily referenced geometry, "Elements" also includes number theory and other mathematical considerations. For centuries, this work was a primary textbook of mathematics, containing the only framework for geometry known by mathematicians until the development of "non-Euclidian" geometry in the late 19th century. The extent to which Euclid's "Elements" is of his own original authorship or borrowed from previous scholars is unknown, however despite this fact it was his collation of these basic mathematical principles for which most of the world would come to the study of geometry. Today, Euclid's "Elements" is acknowledged as one of the most influential mathematical texts in history. This volume includes all thirteen books of Euclid's "Elements," is printed on premium acid-free paper, and follows the translation of Thomas Heath.
A Simple Non-Euclidean Geometry and Its Physical Basis by I.M. Yaglom Pdf
There are many technical and popular accounts, both in Russian and in other languages, of the non-Euclidean geometry of Lobachevsky and Bolyai, a few of which are listed in the Bibliography. This geometry, also called hyperbolic geometry, is part of the required subject matter of many mathematics departments in universities and teachers' colleges-a reflec tion of the view that familiarity with the elements of hyperbolic geometry is a useful part of the background of future high school teachers. Much attention is paid to hyperbolic geometry by school mathematics clubs. Some mathematicians and educators concerned with reform of the high school curriculum believe that the required part of the curriculum should include elements of hyperbolic geometry, and that the optional part of the curriculum should include a topic related to hyperbolic geometry. I The broad interest in hyperbolic geometry is not surprising. This interest has little to do with mathematical and scientific applications of hyperbolic geometry, since the applications (for instance, in the theory of automorphic functions) are rather specialized, and are likely to be encountered by very few of the many students who conscientiously study (and then present to examiners) the definition of parallels in hyperbolic geometry and the special features of configurations of lines in the hyperbolic plane. The principal reason for the interest in hyperbolic geometry is the important fact of "non-uniqueness" of geometry; of the existence of many geometric systems.
This small book, translated into English for the first time, has long been a unique place to find classical results from geometry, such as Pythagoras' theorem, the nine-point circle, Morley's triangle, and many other subjects. In addition, this book contains recent, geometric theorems which have been obtained over the past years. There are 27 independent chapters on a wide range of topics in elementary plane Euclidean geometry, at a level just beyond what is usually taught in a good high school or college geometry course. The selection of topics is intelligent, varied, and stimulating, and the author provides many thought-provoking ideas.
Elementary Differential Geometry by Barrett O'Neill Pdf
Elementary Differential Geometry focuses on the elementary account of the geometry of curves and surfaces. The book first offers information on calculus on Euclidean space and frame fields. Topics include structural equations, connection forms, frame fields, covariant derivatives, Frenet formulas, curves, mappings, tangent vectors, and differential forms. The publication then examines Euclidean geometry and calculus on a surface. Discussions focus on topological properties of surfaces, differential forms on a surface, integration of forms, differentiable functions and tangent vectors, congruence of curves, derivative map of an isometry, and Euclidean geometry. The manuscript takes a look at shape operators, geometry of surfaces in E, and Riemannian geometry. Concerns include geometric surfaces, covariant derivative, curvature and conjugate points, Gauss-Bonnet theorem, fundamental equations, global theorems, isometries and local isometries, orthogonal coordinates, and integration and orientation. The text is a valuable reference for students interested in elementary differential geometry.
This textbook provides an introduction to Euclidean geometry. While developing geometry for its own sake, the book also emphasizes the links between geometry and other branches of pure and applied mathematics.
Elementary Geometry by Ilka Agricola,Thomas Friedrich Pdf
Plane geometry is developed from its basic objects and their properties and then moves to conics and basic solids, including the Platonic solids and a proof of Euler's polytope formula. Particular care is taken to explain symmetry groups, including the description of ornaments and the classification of isometries.
This textbook is a self-contained presentation of Euclidean Geometry, a subject that has been a core part of school curriculum for centuries. The discussion is rigorous, axiom-based, written in a traditional manner, true to the Euclidean spirit. Transformations in the Euclidean plane are included as part of the axiomatics and as a tool for solving construction problems. The textbook can be used for teaching a high school or an introductory level college course. It can be especially recommended for schools with enriched mathematical programs and for homeschoolers looking for a rigorous traditional discussion of geometry. The text is supplied with over 1200 questions and problems, ranging from simple to challenging. The solutions sections of the book contain about 200 answers and hints to solutions and over 100 detailed solutions involving proofs and constructions. More solutions and some supplements for teachers are available in the Instructor's Manual, which is issued as a separate book. Book Reviews: 'In terms of presentation, this text is more rigorous than any existing high school textbook that I know of. It is based on a system of axioms that describe incidence, postulate a notion of congruence of line segments, and assume the existence of enough rigid motions ("free mobility")... My gut reaction to the book is, wouldn't it be wonderful if American high school students could be exposed to this serious mathematical treatment of elementary geometry, instead of all the junk that is presented to them in existing textbooks. This book makes no concession to the TV-generation of students who want (or is it the publishers who want it for them?) pretty pictures, side bars, puzzles, games, historical references, cartoons, and all those colored images that clutter the pages of a typical modern textbook, while the mathematical content is diluted more and more with each successive edition.' Professor Robin Hartshorne, University of California at Berkeley. 'The textbook "Euclidean Geometry" by Mark Solomonovich fills a big gap in the plethora of mathematical textbooks - it provides an exposition of classical geometry with emphasis on logic and rigorous proofs... I would be delighted to see this textbook used in Canadian schools in the framework of an improved geometry curriculum. Until this day comes, I highly recommend "Euclidean Geometry" by Mark Solomonovich to be used in Mathematics Enrichment Programs across Canada and the USA.' Professor Yuly Billig, Carlton University.
An Excursion through Elementary Mathematics, Volume II by Antonio Caminha Muniz Neto Pdf
This book provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview of elementary mathematics as explored in Mathematical Olympiads around the world. It expands on topics usually encountered in high school and could even be used as preparation for a first-semester undergraduate course. This second volume covers Plane Geometry, Trigonometry, Space Geometry, Vectors in the Plane, Solids and much more. As part of a collection, the book differs from other publications in this field by not being a mere selection of questions or a set of tips and tricks that applies to specific problems. It starts from the most basic theoretical principles, without being either too general or too axiomatic. Examples and problems are discussed only if they are helpful as applications of the theory. Propositions are proved in detail and subsequently applied to Olympic problems or to other problems at the Olympic level. The book also explores some of the hardest problems presented at National and International Mathematics Olympiads, as well as many essential theorems related to the content. An extensive Appendix offering hints on or full solutions for all difficult problems rounds out the book.
Elementary Geometry from an Advanced Standpoint by Edwin E. Moise Pdf
Students can rely on Moise's clear and thorough presentation of basic geometry theorems. The author assumes that students have no previous knowledge of the subject and presents the basics of geometry from the ground up. This comprehensive approach gives instructors flexibility in teaching. For example, an advanced class may progress rapidly through Chapters 1-7 and devote most of its time to the material presented in Chapters 8, 10, 14, 19, and 20. Similarly, a less advanced class may go carefully through Chapters 1-7, and omit some of the more difficult chapters, such as 20 and 24.
Elementary Geometry in Hyperbolic Space by Werner Fenchel Pdf
Hyperbolic geometry is in a period of revised interest. This book contains a substantial account of the parts of the theory basic to the study of Kleinian groups, but it also contains the more broad-reaching thoughts of the author, one of the pioneers in the theory of convex bodies and a major contributor in other fields of mathematics. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Exploring Advanced Euclidean Geometry with GeoGebra by Gerard A. Venema Pdf
This book provides an inquiry-based introduction to advanced Euclidean geometry. It utilizes dynamic geometry software, specifically GeoGebra, to explore the statements and proofs of many of the most interesting theorems in the subject. Topics covered include triangle centers, inscribed, circumscribed, and escribed circles, medial and orthic triangles, the nine-point circle, duality, and the theorems of Ceva and Menelaus, as well as numerous applications of those theorems. The final chapter explores constructions in the Poincare disk model for hyperbolic geometry. The book can be used either as a computer laboratory manual to supplement an undergraduate course in geometry or as a stand-alone introduction to advanced topics in Euclidean geometry. The text consists almost entirely of exercises (with hints) that guide students as they discover the geometric relationships for themselves. First the ideas are explored at the computer and then those ideas are assembled into a proof of the result under investigation. The goals are for the reader to experience the joy of discovering geometric relationships, to develop a deeper understanding of geometry, and to encourage an appreciation for the beauty of Euclidean geometry.
Euclidean Geometry and Transformations by Clayton W. Dodge Pdf
This introduction to Euclidean geometry emphasizes transformations, particularly isometries and similarities. Suitable for undergraduate courses, it includes numerous examples, many with detailed answers. 1972 edition.