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Emerging Local Securities and Derivatives Markets by Ms.Anna Ilyina,Mr.Donald J. Mathieson,Mr.Ramana Ramaswamy,Mr.Jorge Roldos Pdf
In response to the volatility of capital flows since the mid-1990s, many emerging market economies have taken a variety of steps designed to “selfinsure” against volatile capital flows. One such measure has been the development of local securities and derivatives markets as an alternative source of funding the public and corporate sectors. This paper examines this self-insurance policy, focusing on the extent to which emerging markets have developed local securities and derivatives, and what key policy issues have arisen as a result.
The Structure of Derivatives Exchanges by George Tsetsekos,Panayotis N. Varangis Pdf
February 1998 Derivatives exchanges can offer emerging market economies certain important benefits, including risk transfer, price discovery, and more public information. But they are not a substitute for reform of financial, capital, and commodity markets. Tsetsekos and Varangis examine the architecture, elements of market design, and products traded in derivatives exchanges around the world. The core function of a derivatives exchange is to facilitate the transfer of risk among economic agents by providing mechanisms to enhance liquidity and facilitate price discovery. They test the proposition that organizational arrangements necessary to perform this function are not the same across markets. They also examine the sequencing of products introduced in derivatives exchanges. Using a survey instrument, they find that: * Financial systems perform the same core functions across time and place but institutional arrangements differ. * The ownership structure of derivatives exchanges assumes different forms across markets. * The success of an exchange depends on the structure adopted and the products traded. * Exchanges are regulated directly or indirectly through a government law. In addition, exchanges have their own regulatory structure. * Typically (but not always) market-making systems are based on open outcry, with daily mark-to-market and gross margining-but electronic systems are gaining popularity. * Several (but not all) exchanges own clearing facilities and use netting settlement procedures. As for derivative products traded, they find that: * Although most of the older exchanges started with (mainly agricultural) commodity derivatives, newer exchanges first introduce financial derivative products. * Derivatives based on a domestic stock index have greater potential for success followed by derivatives based on local interest rates and currencies. * The introduction of derivatives contracts appears to take more time in emerging markets compared with developed, with the exception of index products. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of research project Market Architecture and Design of Derivatives Exchanges (RPO 680-45). Earlier versions of the paper were presented at the annual meetings of the Multinational Finance Society (June 25-28, 1997) and the Financial Management Association (Honolulu, October 15-18, 1997).
The Structure of Derivatives Exchanges by George P. Tsetsekos Pdf
Derivatives exchanges can offer emerging market economies certain important benefits, including risk transfer, price discovery, and more public information. But they are not a substitute for reform of financial, capital, and commodity markets.Tsetsekos and Varangis examine the architecture, elements of market design, and products traded in derivatives exchanges around the world. The core function of a derivatives exchange is to facilitate the transfer of risk among economic agents by providing mechanisms to enhance liquidity and facilitate price discovery. They test the proposition that organizational arrangements necessary to perform this function are not the same across markets. They also examine the sequencing of products introduced in derivatives exchanges.Using a survey instrument, they find that:* Financial systems perform the same core functions across time and place but institutional arrangements differ.* The ownership structure of derivatives exchanges assumes different forms across markets.* The success of an exchange depends on the structure adopted and the products traded.* Exchanges are regulated directly or indirectly through a government law. In addition, exchanges have their own regulatory structure.* Typically (but not always) market-making systems are based on open outcry, with daily mark-to-market and gross margining-but electronic systems are gaining popularity.* Several (but not all) exchanges own clearing facilities and use netting settlement procedures.As for derivative products traded, they find that:* Although most of the older exchanges started with (mainly agricultural) commodity derivatives, newer exchanges first introduce financial derivative products.* Derivatives based on a domestic stock index have greater potential for success followed by derivatives based on local interest rates and currencies.* The introduction of derivatives contracts appears to take more time in emerging markets compared with developed, with the exception of index products.This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of research project Market Architecture and Design of Derivatives Exchanges (RPO 680-45). Earlier versions of the paper were presented at the annual meetings of the Multinational Finance Society (June 25-28, 1997) and the Financial Management Association (Honolulu, October 15-18, 1997).
Emerging Financial Derivatives by Jerome Yen,Kin Keung Lai Pdf
Exotic options and structured products are two of the most popular financial products over the past ten years and will soon become very important to the emerging markets, especially China. This book first discusses the products' recent development in the world and provides comprehensive overview of the major products. The book also discusses the risks of issuing and buying such products as well as the techniques to price them and to assess the risks. Volatility is the most important factor in determining the return and risk. Therefore, significant part of the book's content discusses how we can measure the volatility by using local and stochastic volatility models — Heston Model and Dupire Model, the volatility surface, the term structure of volatility, variance swaps, and breakeven volatility. The book introduces a set of dimensions which can be used to describe structured products to help readers to classify them. It also describes the more commonly traded exotic options with details. The book discusses key features of each exotic option which can be used to develop structured products and covers their pricing models and when to issue such products that contain such exotic options. This book contains several case studies about how to use the models or techniques to price and hedge risks. These case analyses are illuminating.
Brazilian Derivatives and Securities by Marcos C. S. Carreira,Richard J. Brostowicz Jr. Pdf
The Brazilian financial markets operate in a very different way to G7 markets. Key differences include onshore and offshore markets, exponential rates, business days day-counts, and price formation from the futures markets (instead of the cash markets). This book provides a quantitative, applied guide to the offshore and onshore Brazilian markets, with a focus on the financial instruments unique to the region. It offers a comprehensive introduction to the key financial 'archaeology' in the Brazil context, exploring interest rates, FX and inflation and key differences from G7 market finance. It explores the core industry investment banking business in detail, from FX to interest rates and cash and inflation. Finally it introduces the region's unique financial instruments, as well as their pricing and risk management needs. Covering both introductory and complex topics, this book provides existing practitioners in Brazil, as well as those interested in becoming involved in these markets, everything they need to understand the market dynamics, risks, pricing and calibration of curves for all products currently available.
Foreign Participation in Emerging Markets’ Local Currency Bond Markets by Mr.Shanaka J. Peiris Pdf
This paper estimates the impact of foreign participation in determining long-term local currency government bond yields and volatility in a group of emerging markets from 2000-2009. The results of a panel data analysis of 10 emerging markets show that greater foreign participation in the domestic government bond market tends to significantly reduce long-term government yields. Moreover, greater foreign participation does not necessarily result in increased volatility in bond yields in emerging markets and, in fact, could even dampen volatility in some instances.
The Derivatives Market in South Africa by Olatundun Janet Adelegan Pdf
This paper examines the role of the derivatives market in South Africa and provides policy options for promoting the development of derivatives markets in sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa's derivatives market has grown rapidly in recent years, supporting capital inflows and helping market participants to price, unbundle and transfer risk. There are tight regulations on asset allocations by insurance and pension funds to prevent excessive risk taking. The development of derivatives markets in sub-Saharan African countries could enable market participants to self-insure against volatile capital flows. Theiroverdependence on bank credit as a source of funding could be reduced and their management of seasonal risk could be improved through the introduction of commodity futures. However, these markets must be appropriately regulated and supervised. Since such markets would likely be small, consideration should be given to the establishment of a regional derivatives market.
Handbook of Empirical Research on Islam and Economic Life by M. Kabir Hassan Pdf
In Islamic jurisprudence, a comprehensive ethic has been formulated governing how business and commerce should be run, how accountability to God and the community is to be achieved, and how banking and finance is to be arranged. This Handbook examines how well these values are translated into actual performance. It explores whether those holding true to the system are hindered and put at a disadvantage or whether the Islamic institutions have been able to demonstrate that faith-based activities can be rewarding, both economically and spiritually.
The Future of Domestic Capital Markets in Developing Countries by Robert E. Litan,Michael Pomerleano,Vasudevan Sundararajan Pdf
The Future of Domestic Capital Markets in Developing Countries addresses the challenges that countries face as they develop and strengthen capital markets. Based on input from the world's most prominent capital market experts and leading policymakers in developing countries, this volume represents the latest thinking in capital market development. It captures the views of a global gathering of experts, with perspectives from developing and developed countries, from all regions of the world, from the public and private sector. This volume should be of interest to senior financial sector policymakers from developed and developing countries in securities and exchange commissions, regulators, central banks, ministries of finance, and monetary authorities; private sector executives in stock exchanges, bond markets, venture capital markets, and investment funds; and researchers and academicians with an interest in capital market development in emerging markets. What are the key factors threatening the development and survival of stock exchanges in developing countries? What domestic strategies are needed to protect the future of local markets? Should exchanges consider linkages or alliances? Merging with, or buying up, other exchanges? Demutualization? The volume provides practical guidance on strategies such as nurturing issuers, improving rules and institutions, addressing regulatory challenges, and sequencing reforms. The contributors address a variety of country experiences, and suggest steps that policymakers and practitioners in emerging markets can take to promote an orderly transition toward efficient, well-regulated, and accessible capital markets. Contributors include Reena Aggarwal (Georgetown University), Alexander S. Berg (World Bank), Alan Cameron (Sydney Futures Exchange), Olivier Fremond (PSACG), Amar Gill (Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia), Gerd Hausler (IMF), Jack Glen (International Finance Corporation), Peter Blair Henry (Stanford University Graduate School of Business), Patricia Jackson (Bank of England), Ruben Lee (Oxford Finance Group), Robert Litan (Brookings Institution), Clemente Luis del Valle (Securities and Exchange Commission of Colombia), Sanket Mohapatra (Columbia University), Alberto Musalem (World Bank), Dilip Kumar Ratha (World Bank), Ajit Singh (University of Cambridge), Philip Suttle (DECPG), V. Sundararajan (IMF), Thierry Tressel (IMF), Philip Turner (Bank for International Settlements), and Piero Ugolini (IMF).
Capital Market Liberalization and Development by José Antonio Ocampo,Joseph E. Stiglitz Pdf
Capital market liberalization has been a key battle in the debate on globalization for much of the previous two decades. Many developing countries, often at the behest of international financial institutions such as the IMF, opened their capital accounts and liberalized their domestic financial markets as part of the wave of liberalization that characterized the 1980s and 1990s and in doing so exposed their economies to increased risk and volatility. Now with even the IMF acknowledging the risks inherent in capital market liberalization, the central intellectual battle over the effects of capital market liberalization has for the most part ended. Though this new understanding of the consequences of capital market liberalization is reshaping many policy discussions among academics and international institutions, ideological and vested interests remain. Critical policy debates also remain, such as how much government should intervene and what tools are available. Although capital market liberalization might not produce the promised benefits, many economists and policymakers still worry about the costs of intervention. Do these costs exceed the benefits? What are the best kinds of interventions, under what circumstances? To answer these questions, we have to understand why capital market liberalization has failed to enhance growth, why it has resulted in greater instability, why the poor appear to have borne the greatest burden, and why the advocates of capital market liberalization were so wrong. Bringing together some of the leading researchers and practitioners in the field, this volume provides an analysis of both the risks associated with capital market liberalization and the alternative policy options available to enhance macroeconomic management.
Controlling Currency Mismatches in Emerging Markets by Morris Goldstein,Philip Turner Pdf
In most of the currency crises of the 1990s, the largest output falls have occurred in those emerging economies with large currency mismatches, a phenomenon that occurs when assets and liabilities are denominated in different currencies such that net worth is sensitive to changes in the exchange rate. Currency mismatching makes crisis management much more difficult since it constrains the willingness of the monetary authority to reduce interest rates in a recession (for fear of initiating a large fall in the currency that would bring with it large-scale insolvencies). The mismatching also produces a "fear of floating" on the part of emerging economies, sometimes inducing them to make currency-regime choices that are not in their own long-term interest. Authors Morris Goldstein and Philip Turner summarize what is known about the origins of currency mismatching in emerging economies, discuss how best to define and measure currency mismatching, and review policy options for reducing the size of the problem.
IMF Staff Papers, Volume 51, No. 2 by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. Pdf
This second issue for 2004 contains 8 new papers, including notable contributions from: Nancy Brune, Geoffrey Garrett, and Bruce Kogut on the global spread of privatization; and Mark P. Taylor and Elena T. Branson on asymmetric arbitrage and default premiums in the U.S. and Russian markets. Other papers in the issue look at German wage structures, contagion in equity markets, export orientation and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, the role of higher vs. basic education in economic development, and issues related to capital account liberalization.
Capital Market Review of Romania Towards a National Strategy by OECD Pdf
This publication provides a comprehensive overview of capital markets in Romania, focusing on conditions for stock market listing, secondary stock market liquidity, growth markets, modalities for household savings, institutional investors and market-based debt financing.
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Publisher : International Monetary Fund Page : 220 pages File Size : 48,7 Mb Release : 2005-04-05 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9781589064188
Global Financial Stability Report, April 2005 by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf
The Global Financial Stability Report (GFSR) provides expert and up-to-date analysis of global capital flows that play a critical role in world economic growth and Financial stability. The report focuses on current conditions in global Financial markets, analyzing Financial imbalances and structural issues that could pose risks to stability and sustained market access by emerging market borrowers. Along with the IMF’s semiannual World Economic Outlook, the GFSR is a key vehicle for communicating the IMF’s multilateral surveillance. The GFSR also draws out the Financial ramifcations of economic imbalances highlighted by the WEO, making it an indispensable companion publication.
