Environmental Fiscal Reform And Unemployment Book in PDF, ePub and Kindle version is available to download in english. Read online anytime anywhere directly from your device. Click on the download button below to get a free pdf file of Environmental Fiscal Reform And Unemployment book. This book definitely worth reading, it is an incredibly well-written.
Environmental Fiscal Reform and Unemployment by Carlo Carraro,D. Siniscalco Pdf
The European Union faces several interlinked challenges: how to protect the environment and favour sustainability; how to reduce unemployment and foster competitiveness in a context of growing globalization; how to reduce regional disparities among and within me mb er countries. The recent policy debate has clarified that the above objectives are not a trade off if jointly tackled. In particular, win-win policy options are available to the European Union by an appropriate integration of regulation, macro policy, social policy, fiscal policy and environmental policy. Evidence shows that optimising on each single policy will not meet the needs of the European Union. On the contrary, an integrated approach will make it possible to reach the various objectives, as stated in the Treaty on European Union, in the 5th Environmental Action Programme, in the White Paper on Growth, Competitiveness and Employment. This integrated approach would im plement a genuine sustainable development policy.
Environmental Tax Reform and the Labour Market by Kurt Kratena Pdf
During the 1990s and 2000s the issue of general welfare double dividend (an improvement in environmental quality combined with a positive welfare effect) triggered by a tax shift from labour to energy resources has been extensively debated. In this book, Kurt Kratena studies the employment effects of revenue neutral shifts from labour to energy, and measures the impact on theoretical and empirical models of the European labour market.
Alleviating Unemployment by Ronnie Schöb,Erkki Koskela Pdf
It has been argued recently that imposing taxes on pollution produces additional tax revenues, which can then be used to replace labor taxes and thus reap a double dividend in the form of improving environmental quality and alleviating unemployment. This paper analyzes the employment effects of revenue-neutral green tax reforms by focusing on the revenue recycling effect on employment. Our model contains three features which are important when looking at the employment effects of green tax reforms: 1) there is unemployment in equilibrium; 2) wages are determined endogenously; and 3) various institutional arrangements for taxing unemployment benefits, for the price-indexation of unemployment benefits and for personal tax allowances are considered. The employment effects of a revenue-neutral green tax reform are sensitive to institutional arrangements concerning taxation and indexation of unemployment benefits and personal tax allowances. A revenue-neutral green tax reform will boost employment if unemployment benefits are untaxed and nominally fixed. Employment actually falls if unemployment benefits are taxed and price indexed. When employment changes, the functional distribution of income also changes. Total private income, after-tax profits and after-tax labor income increase with employment, while transfer income decreases. If the polluting good is normal, a positive employment effect reduces the environmental dividend obtained from a revenue-neutral green tax reform.
Environmental Taxes and Fiscal Reform by L. Castellucci,A. Markandya,Gustavo Piga Pdf
A review of the literature on environmental taxes, focusing on European experiences, and analysing how such taxes can contribute to green causes as well as reducing the tax burden from "ordinary" taxation. The authors examine the potential 'double dividend' from tax reform for helping the environment, reducing unemployment and encouraging growth.
Carbon Pricing, Growth and the Environment by Lawrence A. Kreiser,Ana Yábar Sterling,Pedro Manuel Herrera Molina,Janet E. Milne,Hope Ashiabor Pdf
ïThe scope, depth and persistence with which this book explores carbon pricing is admirable, reflecting that despite political reluctance it is a topic in all parts of the world.Í _ Mikael Skou Andersen, Aarhus University, Denmark and European Environment Agency ïEnvironmental taxation and emissions trading continue to be high on the public policy agenda in many countries, and this is another welcome and very interesting volume in the Critical Issues in Environmental Taxation series that presents new ideas and evidence on these subjects from a wide range of countries and a variety of perspectives.Í _ Paul Ekins, University College London, UK This original and timely volume provides unique insights and analysis on the pressing question of how to achieve environmental sustainability while fostering economic growth. The emphasis of the book lies in finding critical solutions to global climate change including chapters on environmental fiscal reform and unemployment in Spain, EU structural and cohesion policy and sustainable development, ecological tax reform in Europe and Asia, AustraliaÍs carbon pricing mechanism, and many other timely topics. This insightful volume will appeal to policy makers in government as well as academics and students in environmental law, environmental economics and environmental sustainability.
Pollution, Factor Taxation and Unemployment by Erkki Koskela,Ronnie Schöb,Hans-Werner Sinn Pdf
When consumers choose between clean and dirty goods and the labor market clears, a green tax reform may not bring about a double dividend in the sense of increasing environmental quality and increasing employment. However, when firms choose between clean and dirty factors of production, and when there is unemployment, such a result is very likely to occur. The paper investigates a model of a monopolistic firm where labor and energy are factors of production and trade unions negotiate the wage rate, accepting some unemployment as a result of aggressive wage demands. It is shown that, in such a framework, a green tax reform will boost employment provided it does not increase the net-of-tax wage rate by too much. This is the case when the elasticity of substitution between labor and energy is greater than one, equal to one or not too far below one.
Examines the possibility that ecological tax reform in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden could achieve a greener environment, increase tax revenues, and lower levels of unemployment. The analysis encompasses theoretical and empirical levels, looking at the social costs of such taxes, the impacts of a Swedish carbon tax as seen in a static numerical model, and taxes on nitrogen and fertilizer. Finds that the level of unemployment cannot be reduced by revenue-neutral environmental taxes without any social costs, and more broadly, that there are no easy ways to achieve full employment, a budget surplus, and environmental sustainability. However, suggests that further research may open possibilities. The eight studies are from a September 1995 workshop in Stockholm. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Environmental Tax Reforms and the Double Dividend by Christian M. Scholz Pdf
An important topic in environmental economics is how to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in order to reduce the threat of global warming. For this purpose, some countries levy environmental taxes. Often, such taxes can result in a second dividend if revenues are used for other governmental purposes such as the reduction of unemployment or the reduction of taxes. Can Germany realistically earn this "double dividend"? Based on a theoretical model, Scholz performs numerical simulations to find out whether environmental taxes have positive effects on households (differentiated by income groups) and firms (differentiated by technologies). Scholz finds that most effects on employment are not large enough to warrant the term "double dividend" and concludes that it is better to levy environmental taxes only for environmental objectives. This study will be of interest to scholars and students specializing in environmental economic issues as well as to international organizations and research institutes in economics.
Fiscal Policies for Development and Climate Action by Miria A. Pigato Pdf
This report provides actionable advice on how to design and implement fiscal policies for both development and climate action. Building on more than two decades of research in development and environmental economics, it argues that well-designed environmental tax reforms are especially valuable in developing countries, where they can reduce emissions, increase domestic revenues, and generate positive welfare effects such as cleaner water, safer roads, and improvements in human health. Moreover, these reforms need not harm competitiveness. New empirical evidence from Indonesia and Mexico suggests that under certain conditions, raising fuel prices can actually increase firm productivity. Finally, the report discusses the role of fiscal policy in strengthening resilience to climate change. It provides evidence that preventive public investments and measures to build fiscal buffers can help safeguard stability and growth in the face of rising climate risks. In this way, environmental tax reforms and climate risk-management strategies can lay the much-needed fiscal foundation for development and climate action.
Environmental Tax Reform (ETR) by Paul Ekins,Stefan Speck Pdf
A comprehensive analysis of an environmental tax reform where people are taxed on pollution and the use of natural resources instead of on their income, this book looks at the challenges involved in implementing this tax reform across Europe.
Author : Carlo Carraro,Gilbert E. Metcalf Publisher : University of Chicago Press Page : 371 pages File Size : 44,6 Mb Release : 2009-02-15 Category : Science ISBN : 9780226094809
Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy by Carlo Carraro,Gilbert E. Metcalf Pdf
Most people would agree that it makes sense to tax a company that pollutes in a way that directly reflects the amount of environmental and social damage it has done. Yet in practice, such taxes are fraught with difficulty and have far-reaching implications. A company facing a new tax may lay off workers, for example, exacerbating an unemployment problem. This volume focuses on such external issues and examines in detail the trade-offs involved in designing policies to deal with environmental problems. Reflecting the broad nature of the subject, the contributors include leading economists in the areas of public finance, industrial organization, and trade theory, as well as environmental economists. Integrating both theoretical and empirical methods, they examine environmental policy design as it relates to location decisions, compliance costs, administrative costs, effects on research and development, and international factor movements. Shedding light on an extraordinarily complex and important topic, this collection will be of interest to all those involved in designing effective environmental policy.
This paper reviews conceptual linkages between taxation and unemployment, available empirical evidence and country policies that may have a bearing on these linkages in the OECD and in a sample of developing and transitional economies, Fund policy advice on these issues, and tax policy options in addressing the unemployment problem. It concludes that the emphasis in policy should be placed on minimizing tax distortions, rather than on formulating activist tax policies to reduce unemployment.
Handbook of Research on Environmental Taxation by Janet E. Milne,Mikael Skou Andersen Pdf
ÔIngeniously organized in a life cycle format, the Handbook covers environmental taxation concepts, design, acceptance, implementation, and impact. The universal themes discussed in each area will appeal to a broad range of readers.Õ Ð Larry Kreiser, Cleveland State University, US ÔThis book is a smart and useful readerÕs guide providing analytical tools for a full comprehension of environmental taxes, with an interdisciplinary approach that looks at all the different phases of environmental taxation: from the design to the implementation, the political acceptance and the impact on the economy. The authorsÕ effort is very successful in endowing academicians, policy makers and the general public with an excellent proof of the effectiveness of environmental taxes and green tax reforms.Õ Ð Alberto Majocchi, University of Pavia, Italy ÔPutting the words ÒenvironmentÓ next to ÒtaxationÓ might not always be the flavour of the month, but no modern society can ignore the value of the natural environment and the need to maintain its good quality and no competitive economy can prosper without the necessary tax revenues to function. Environmental taxation offers the prospect of moving towards a more resource-efficient economy, where preference is given to tax more what we burn, less what we earn. I welcome this contribution to the literature.Õ Ð Commissioner Connie Hedegaard, European Commission ÔThe Milne and Andersen volume provides a splendid treatment of environmental taxation that encompasses the basic conceptual issues, problems of tax design and implementation, and several insightful case studies that show how environmental taxes actually work in practice. It is the best overall treatment of environmental taxation available: comprehensive, rigorous, and readable.Õ Ð Wallace Oates, University of Maryland, US The Handbook of Research on Environmental Taxation captures the state of the art of research on environmental taxation. Written by 36 specialists in environmental taxation from 16 countries, it takes an interdisciplinary and international approach, focusing on issues that are universal to using taxation to achieve environmental goals. The Handbook explores the conceptual foundations of environmental taxation, essential elements for designing environmental tax measures, factors that influence the acceptance of environmental taxation, the variety of ways to implement environmental taxes, their environmental and economic impact and, finally, the larger question of the role of taxation among other policy approaches to environmental protection. Intermixing theory with case studies, the Handbook offers readers lessons that can be applied around the world. It identifies key bodies of research for people who are already working in the field or entering the field and highlights issues that call for more research in the future. With systematic analysis of key issues in environmental taxation, this book will appeal to researchers, governments, think tanks, NGOs, and academics in law, economics, political science and public finance, as well as students specializing in environmental taxation and other market-based instruments.
