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National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 218 pages File Size : 48,9 Mb Release : 2003-05-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309088602
Environmental Information for Naval Warfare by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use Pdf
Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information.
Environmental Information for Naval Warfare by Anonim Pdf
Efforts to collect, assimilate, analyze, and disseminate information about and predict the nature and significance of the environmental character of the naval battlespace have been the focus of a complex meteorological and oceanographic effort referred to within the U.S. Naval Forces as METOC. To aid in the development of an investment strategy to enhance the value of METOC contributions to battelspace awareness. the Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy and the Office of Naval Research requested that the National Academies undertake a two year effort to: develop a framework process that can be adapted by the U.S. Naval Forces to prioritize what data should be collected and how the data should be managed, what new models should be developed and what improvements should be made to existing models, which data fusion and value-added products should be developed to effectively and efficiently disseminate environmental information to naval units; identify those segments of the process that would benefit from targeted research (e.g., specific ocean processes or general areas of uncertainty); and prioritize the proposed improvements by identifying which actions are most needed and achievable as well as those that are most likely to make a significant and positive impact.
National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 218 pages File Size : 41,6 Mb Release : 2003-04-01 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9780309168434
Environmental Information for Naval Warfare by National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Ocean Studies Board,National Academy of Engineering,Committee on Environmental Information for Naval Use Pdf
Accurate and timely environmental information can provide a tactical advantage to U.S. naval forces during warfare. This report analyzes the current environmental information system used by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps and recommends ways to address uncertainty and leverage network-centric operating principles to enhance the value of environmental information.
Ocean Studies Board,Commission on Geosciences Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council
Author : Ocean Studies Board,Commission on Geosciences Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Publisher : Unknown Page : 112 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2000-03-07 Category : Electronic ISBN : 0309385024
Oceanography and Mine Warfare by Ocean Studies Board,Commission on Geosciences Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council Pdf
Environmental information is important for successful planning and execution of naval operations. A thorough understanding of environmental variability greatly increases the likelihood of mission success. To ensure that naval forces have the most up-to-date capabilities, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has an extensive environmental research program. This research, to be of greatest use to the warfighter, needs to be directed towards assisting and solving battlefield problems. To increase research community understanding of the operational demands placed on naval operators and to facilitate discussion between these two groups, the National Research Council's (NRC) Ocean Studies Board (OSB), working with ONR and the Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, convened five previous symposia on tactical oceanography. "Oceanography and Mine Warfare" examines the following issues: (1) how environmental data are used in current mine warfare doctrine, (2) current procedures for in situ collection of data, (3) the present capabilities of the Navy's oceanographic community to provide supporting information for mine warfare operations, and (4) the ability of oceanographic research and technology developments to enhance current mine warfare capabilities. This report primarily concentrates on the importance of oceanographic data for mine countermeasures.
International Environmental Law and Naval War: The Effect of Marine Safety and Pollution Conventions During International Armed Conflict by Anonim Pdf
Recent international conflicts have raised fundamental questions about the relationship between international law and armed conflict. The notion that the rules of general international environmental law continue to apply during armed conflict is now well accepted, but the principles that are usually cited remain at a very high level of abstraction. In this paper, the author, a legal adviser in the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague, examines the extent to which international law has developed more detailed rules to protect the environment in international armed conflict. After a discussion of the main legal issues, the author focuses on the marine environment, examining the relationship between naval warfare, on one hand, and multilateral environmental treaties on marine safety and the prevention of marine pollution, on the other. She argues that the majority of these treaties do not apply during armed conflict, either because war damage is expressly excluded or because the treaties do not apply to warships. As for the treaties that are in principle applicable during armed conflict, her analysis shows that, under international law, belligerent and neutral states have the legal right to suspend those treaties, wholly or in part. The author concludes that very few of the treaties considered take the new law of armed conflict into account and that there remains a need for more detailed rules on environmental standards for military operations. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography of journal articles, books, manuals, monographs, symposia and conference reports, selected special reports, and selected official documents and publications.
Oceanography and Mine Warfare by National Research Council,Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources,Ocean Studies Board Pdf
Environmental information is important for successful planning and execution of naval operations. A thorough understanding of environmental variability greatly increases the likelihood of mission success. To ensure that naval forces have the most up-to-date capabilities, the Office of Naval Research (ONR) has an extensive environmental research program. This research, to be of greatest use to the warfighter, needs to be directed towards assisting and solving battlefield problems. To increase research community understanding of the operational demands placed on naval operators and to facilitate discussion between these two groups, the National Research Council's (NRC) Ocean Studies Board (OSB), working with ONR and the Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, convened five previous symposia on tactical oceanography. Oceanography and Mine Warfare examines the following issues: (1) how environmental data are used in current mine warfare doctrine, (2) current procedures for in situ collection of data, (3) the present capabilities of the Navy's oceanographic community to provide supporting information for mine warfare operations, and (4) the ability of oceanographic research and technology developments to enhance current mine warfare capabilities. This report primarily concentrates on the importance of oceanographic data for mine countermeasures.
Oceanography and Naval Special Warfare by Anonim Pdf
Based on discussions among more than one hundred scientists, managers, and fighters during the fifth in a series of symposia, summarizes the SEAL teams' mission and methods, the importance of environmental data in planning and executing naval special oper
International Environmental Law and Naval War: the Effect of Marine Safety and Pollution Conventions During International Armed Conflict by Sonja Ann Jozef Boelaert-suominen,Naval War College Press Pdf
The cornerstone of modern International Environmental Law is the prohibition of transfrontier pollution: states have the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other states or of areas beyond national jurisdiction. In addition, there is now a substantial body of international treaties laying down detailed regimes for various environmental sectors. Relatedly, recent international conflicts have raised fundamental questions about the relationship between international law and armed conflict. The notion that the rules of general international environmental law continue to apply during armed conflict is now well accepted, but the principles that are usually cited remain at a very high level of abstraction. Dr. Sonja Ann JozefBoelaert-Suominen, legal adviser in the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, in the Hague, the Netherlands, examines the extent to which international law has developed more detailed rules to protect the environment in international armed conflict. After a discussion of the main legal issues, the author focuses on the marine environment, examining the relationship between naval warfare, on one hand, and multilateral environmental treaties on marine safety and the prevention of marine pollution, on the other. Dr. Boelaert-Suominen argues that the majority of these treaties do not apply during armed conflict, either because war damage is expressly excluded or because the treaties do not apply to warships. As for the treaties that are in principle applicable during armed conflict, her analysis shows that, under international law, belligerent and neutral states have the legal right to suspend those treaties, wholly or in part. The author concludes that very few of the treaties considered take the new law of armed conflict into account and that there remains a need for more detailed rules on environmental standards for military operations. In 1996, the Naval War College International Law Studies published volume 69 in its "Blue Book" series-Protection of the Environment during Armed Conflict. This compilation of papers was written for and presented at the Law of Naval Warfare Symposium on the Protection of the Environment during Armed Conflict and other Military Operations, held at the Naval War College in 1995. Contributors to this conference suggested the necessity for a thorough study of the relationship between environmental treaties and the laws of war.
International Environmental Law and Naval War by Sonja Ann Jozef Boelaert-Suominen Pdf
Recent international conflicts have raised fundamental questions about the relationship between international law and armed conflict. The notion that the rules of general international environmental law continue to apply during armed conflict is now well accepted, but the principles that are usually cited remain at a very high level of abstraction. In this paper, the author, a legal adviser in the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague, examines the extent to which international law has developed more detailed rules to protect the environment in international armed conflict. After a discussion of the main legal issues, the author focuses on the marine environment, examining the relationship between naval warfare, on one hand, and multilateral environmental treaties on marine safety and the prevention of marine pollution, on the other. She argues that the majority of these treaties do not apply during armed conflict, either because war damage is expressly excluded or because the treaties do not apply to warships. As for the treaties that are in principle applicable during armed conflict, her analysis shows that, under international law, belligerent and neutral states have the legal right to suspend those treaties, wholly or in part. The author concludes that very few of the treaties considered take the new law of armed conflict into account and that there remains a need for more detailed rules on environmental standards for military operations. The paper concludes with an extensive bibliography of journal articles, books, manuals, monographs, symposia and conference reports, selected special reports, and selected official documents and publications.
National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Toxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment
Author : National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Toxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 94 pages File Size : 44,5 Mb Release : 2000-09-23 Category : Science ISBN : 9780309071475
Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process by National Research Council,Commission on Life Sciences,Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology,Committee on Toxicology,Subcommittee on Toxicological Hazard and Risk Assessment Pdf
A large number of chemicals are used on land at shore facilities, in the air in combat and reconnaissance aircraft, on seas around the world in surface vessels, and in submarine vessels by the navy and marine corps. Although the chemicals used are for the large part harmless, there is a significant amount of chemicals in use that can be health hazards during specific exposure circumstances. The Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) is primarily tasked with assessing these hazards. The NEHC completes its tasks by reviewing toxicological and related data and preparing health-hazard assessments (HHAs) for the different chemicals. Since the NEHC is continually asked to develop these HHAs, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to assess independently the validity and effectiveness of NEHC's HHA process, in order to determine whether the process as implemented provides the Navy with the best, comprehensive, and defensible evaluations of health hazards and to identify any elements that might require improvement. The task was assigned to the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology's Committee on Toxicology's (COT's) Subcommittee on Toxicological hazard and Risk Assessment. Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process presents the subcommittee's report. The report is the work of expertise in general toxicology, inhalation toxicology, epidemiology, neurotoxicology, immunotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, pharmacology, medicine, risk assessment, and biostatistics. It is based on its review of documents provided by NEHC, presentations by NEHC personnel, and site visits to NEHC in Norfolk, Virginia and an aircraft carrier in San Diego, California.
Naval Mine Warfare by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Naval Studies Board,Committee for Mine Warfare Assessment Pdf
Sea mines have been important in naval warfare throughout history and continue to be so today. They have caused major damage to naval forces, slowed or stopped naval actions and commercial shipping, and forced the alteration of strategic and tactical plans. The threat posed by sea mines continues, and is increasing, in today's world of inexpensive advanced electronics, nanotechnology, and multiple potential enemies, some of which are difficult to identify. This report assesses the Department of the Navy's capabilities for conducting naval mining and countermining sea operations.
Baseline Elements and Information Sources for Environmental Quality Management of Military Installations by Malcolm Price Keown,Marshall R. Weathersby Pdf
