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Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology by Ian D. Clark,Peter Fritz Pdf
Groundwater is an increasingly important resource to human populations around the world, and the study and protection of groundwater is an essential part of hydrogeology - the subset of hydrology that concentrates on the subsurface. Environmental isotopes, naturally occurring nuclides in water and solutes, have become fundamental tools for tracing
Isotopes in Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Water Resources by B. P. Singh,Bhishm Kumar Pdf
Table of Contents Ch. 1 Introduction 1 Ch. 2 Basic concepts of nuclear physics 8 Ch. 3 Nuclear instrumentation techniques 25 Ch. 4 Environmental isotopes of water molecule and the applications 37 Ch. 5 Tritium, radio carbon and chlorine-36 dating 69 Ch. 6 Chlorofluorocarbons (C Cl[subscript 3]F, CFC - 11, and C Cl[subscript 2]F[subscript 2]) CFC-12 as dating tools and hydrologic tracers 93 Ch. 7 Artificial radioactive isotopes as tracers in surface, subsurface and ground water resources 99 Ch. 8 Application of sealed sources 122 Ch. 9 Sediment studies 149.
Isotopes in the Water Cycle by Pradeep K. Aggarwal,Joel R. Gat,Klaus F. Froehlich Pdf
Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry by Mark Baskaran Pdf
Applications of radioactive and stable isotopes have revolutionized our understanding of the Earth and near-earth surface processes. The utility of the isotopes are ever-increasing and our sole focus is to bring out the applications of these isotopes as tracers and chronometers to a wider audience so that they can be used as powerful tools to solve environmental problems. New developments in this field remain mostly in peer-reviewed journal articles and hence our goal is to synthesize these findings for easy reference for students, faculty, regulators in governmental and non-governmental agencies, and environmental companies. While this volume maintains its rigor in terms of its depth of knowledge and quantitative information, it contains the breadth needed for wide variety problems and applications in the environmental sciences. This volume presents all of the newer and older applications of isotopes pertaining to the environmental problems in one place that is readily accessible to readers. This book not only has the depth and rigor that is needed for academia, but it has the breadth and case studies to illustrate the utility of the isotopes in a wide variety of environments (atmosphere, oceans, lakes, rivers and streams, terrestrial environments, and sub-surface environments) and serves a large audience, from students and researchers, regulators in federal, state and local governments, and environmental companies.
Within the realm of the newly evolving discipline of environmental sciences, the stable-isotope methodology is being used to an ever-increasing extent, especially in the study of the water cycle and of paleo-climatology. This book introduces the rules of the game, by reviewing the natural variability of stable isotopes in the hydrosphere, describing the physico-chemical basis of isotope fractionation, and applying this knowledge to natural waters as they move through the hydrologic cycle from the ocean to the atmosphere, the biosphere and the lithosphere. There is a special focus on the processes at the surface?atmosphere and land?biosphere?atmosphere interfaces, since these are the sites of major changes in isotope composition. In response to the increasing awareness of our changing climate, a discussion on the global view of the changing water cycle, in the past and future, winds up the presentation.
Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation by C. Marjorie Aelion,Patrick Höhener,Daniel Hunkeler,Ramon Aravena Pdf
Enhanced analytical capabilities and separation techniques, improved detection limits, and accessibility of instrumentation have led to massive strides in the use of isotopes to assess microbial processes in surface and subsurface sediments. Considering the rapid growth of research and commercial interest in stable isotope and radioisotope applications for contaminant hydrology and microbial ecology, an up-to-date overview of the field is long overdue. Environmental Isotopes in Biodegradation and Bioremediation comprehensively covers established and emerging isotope methods for environmental applications, focusing on biodegradation and bioremediation. This book is an invaluable tool for researchers, practitioners, and regulators who require an extensive understanding of the application of isotope methods to natural compounds and environmental contaminants. It addresses questions including: What amount of a compound comes from anthropogenic release? Do the chemicals involved undergo degradation in the environment? Do they persist and accumulate? This book is divided into four sections: Isotope Fundamentals covers important background and theoretical information needed to understand later chapters Isotopes and Microbial Processes discusses the application of isotopes to different environmental redox conditions that dictate the predominant microbial processes that will occur Isotopes in Field Applications describes the transformation of anthropogenic pollutants and the application of isotope tools to field sites Isotope Emerging Areas addresses the use of compounds labeled with stable isotopes, including stable isotope probing and the use of radiocarbon at natural abundance and novel stable isotopes This reference details how isotope tools can be used to gain insight into the origin and fate of natural compounds and contaminants in the environment. Integrating theoretical and practical knowledge, the authors examine the principles of isotope tools and then present an extensive overview of key environmental processes that can be investigated with isotope methods. They also discuss analytical and data evaluation procedures, addressing established and emerging applications. To illustrate concepts and methodology, the authors use a wide range of case studies and recent field and laboratory research from various disciplines currently employing these methods. This book is a valuable tool for expanding the application of both stable isotopes and radioisotopes into untapped areas.
Isotopes of the Earth's Hydrosphere by V.I. Ferronsky,V.A. Polyakov Pdf
This book covers the distribution, hydrochemistry and geophysics of the naturally occurring stable isotopes namely: hydrogen, oxygen and radioactive tritium, carbon and other cosmogenic and radiogenic isotopes of the uranium-thorium series, in the oceans and in atmosphere, the earth's surface and ground water. The use of environmental isotopes in the three main areas of natural waters is discussed: origin, dynamics and residence time in natural reservoirs. The origin of the hydrosphere is examined in the light of isotopic, new cosmochemical and recent theoretical results. The book will be of interest to scientists and researchers who use environmental isotopes in solving scientific and practical problems in hydrology, hydrogeology, oceanography, meteorology, hydrogeochemistry and cosmochemistry. Lecturers, students and postgraduates in these fields will also find it useful.
Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology by Peter G. Cook,Andrew L. Herczeg Pdf
Environmental Tracers in Subsurface Hydrology synthesizes the research of specialists into a comprehensive review of the application of environmental tracers to the study of soil water and groundwater flow. The book includes chapters which cover ionic tracers, noble gases, chlorofluorocarbons, tritium, chlorine-36, oxygen-18, deuterium, and isotopes of carbon, strontium, sulphur and nitrogen. Applications of the tracers include the estimation of vertical and horizontal groundwater velocities, groundwater recharge rates, inter-aquifer leakage and mixing processes, chemical processes and palaeohydrology. Practicing hydrologists, soil physicists and hydrology professors and students will find the book to be a valuable support in their work.
Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology by C. Kendall,J.J. McDonnell Pdf
"Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology" is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with a catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science.
Introduction to Isotope Hydrology by Willem Gerrit Mook Pdf
This publication presents, in a simple, but scientifically rigorous manner, the consequences of natural processes to stable isotope concentrations and radioactivities, and discusses the implications of these processes.
Hydrogeology by Kevin M. Hiscock,Victor F. Bense Pdf
Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice provides acomprehensive introduction to the study of hydrogeology to enablethe reader to appreciate the significance of groundwater in meetingcurrent and future water resource challenges. This new edition hasbeen thoroughly updated to reflect advances in the field since2004. The book presents a systematic approach to understandinggroundwater. Earlier chapters explain the fundamental physical andchemical principles of hydrogeology, and later chapters featuregroundwater investigation techniques in the context of catchmentprocesses, as well as chapters on groundwater quality andcontaminant hydrogeology. Unique features of the book are chapterson the applications of environmental isotopes and noble gases inthe interpretation of aquifer evolution, and on regionalcharacteristics such as topography, compaction and variable fluiddensity in the explanation of geological processes affecting past,present and future groundwater flow regimes. The last chapterdiscusses groundwater resources and environmental management, andexamines the role of groundwater in integrated river basinmanagement, including an assessment of possible adaptationresponses to the impacts of climate change. Throughout the text, boxes and a set of colour plates drawn fromthe authors’ teaching and research experience are used toexplain special topics and to illustrate international case studiesranging from transboundary aquifers and submarine groundwaterdischarge to the over-pressuring of groundwater in sedimentarybasins. The appendices provide conversion tables and usefulreference material, and include review questions and exercises,with answers, to help develop the reader’s knowledge andproblem-solving skills in hydrogeology. This accessible textbook is essential reading for undergraduate andgraduate students primarily in earth sciences, environmentalsciences and physical geography with an interest in hydrogeology orgroundwater science. The book will also find use amongpractitioners in hydrogeology, soil science, civil engineering andplanning who are involved in environmental and resource protectionissues requiring an understanding of groundwater. Additional resources can be found at: ahref="http://www.wiley.com/go/hiscock/hydrogeology"www.wiley.com/go/hiscock/hydrogeology/a
Groundwater Development and Management by Pradip K. Sikdar Pdf
This book deals with the challenges for efficient groundwater management, with a focus on South Asia and India, providing a balanced presentation of theory and field practice using a multidisciplinary approach. Groundwater of South Asia is increasingly confronted with overuse and deteriorating quality and therefore requires urgent attention. Management of the stressed groundwater systems is an extremely complex proposition because of the intricate hydrogeological set-up of the region. Strategies for sustainable management must involve a combination of supply-side and demand-side measures depending on the regional setting and socio-economic situations. As a consequence, the challenges of efficient groundwater management require not only a clear understanding of the aquifer configuration, but also demand for the development of a comprehensive database of the groundwater occurrences and flow systems in each hydrogeological setting. In addition, drilling and well construction methods that are appropriate to different hydrogeological formations need to be implemented as well as real-time monitoring of the status of the groundwater use. Also corrective measures for groundwater that is threatened with depletion and quality deterioration need to be installed. Finally, the legal framework of groundwater needs to be rearticulated according to the common property aspect of groundwater. These challenges should revolve around effective groundwater governance by creating an atmosphere to support and empower community-based systems of decision-making and revisit the existing legal framework and groundwater management institutions by fostering community initiatives. This book is relevant for academics, professionals, administrators, policy makers, and economists concerned with various aspects of groundwater science and management.
Groundwater Geochemistry and Isotopes by Ian Clark Pdf
Understand the Environmental Processes That Control Groundwater QualityThe integration of environmental isotopes with geochemical studies is now recognized as a routine approach to solving problems of natural and contaminated groundwater quality. Advanced sampling and analytical methods are readily accessible and affordable, providing abundant geoc
Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems by M.J. Unkovich Pdf
This book has a very strong practical orientation, telling readers what methodologies are available using stable isotopes, how studies should be designed and executed to maximise effectiveness and incisiveness in terms of data obtained and outcomes in terms of understanding events and processes in plant and ecosystem functioning. The readership is very much aimed toward postgraduates with good knowledge of general biological principles and underlying chemical and physical processes. Pre-existing knowledge of or experience in application and assay of stable isotopes is not required. The stable isotope research field is one of the most rapidly growing areas of ecophysiology and techniques using stable isotopes comprise an ever increasing component of research programs of university postgraduates and a wide range of agencies conducting environmental monitoring and rehabilitation programs. The book is tailor-made for such an audience.
