Equal Rights Amendment

Author : Jessica Neuwirth
Publisher : New Press, The
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2015-01-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781620970485

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Equal Means Equal by Jessica Neuwirth Pdf

When the Equal Rights Amendment was first passed by Congress in 1972, Richard Nixon was president and All in the Family's Archie Bunker was telling his feisty wife Edith to stifle it. Over the course of the next ten years, an initial wave of enthusiasm led to ratification of the ERA by thirty-five states, just three short of the thirty-eight states needed by the 1982 deadline. Many of the arguments against the ERA that historically stood in the way of ratification have gone the way of bouffant hairdos and Bobby Riggs, and a new Coalition for the ERA was recently set up to bring the experience and wisdom of old-guard activists together with the energy and social media skills of a new-guard generation of women. In a series of short, accessible chapters looking at several key areas of sex discrimination recognized by the Supreme Court, Equal Means Equal tells the story of the legal cases that inform the need for an ERA, along with contemporary cases in which women's rights are compromised without the protection of an ERA. Covering topics ranging from pay equity and pregnancy discrimination to violence against women, Equal Means Equal makes abundantly clear that an ERA will improve the lives of real women living in America.

Author : LeeAnne Gelletly
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2014-09-02
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781422293447

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The Equal Rights Amendment by LeeAnne Gelletly Pdf

It took decades, and a Constitutional amendment, for all American women to get the right to vote. But the legal right to vote did not guarantee equality under the law. Suffrage leader Alice Paul believed another amendment was needed. In 1923, she wrote the Equal Rights Amendment. It was introduced in Congress. And the national debate over the ERA began. The major principle of the Equal Rights Amendment is that gender should not determine any legal rights of citizens. Supporters believed the ERA would keep women from being denied equal rights under federal, state, or local law. The ERA had many opponents in the 1920s. And it had even more in the 1970s, after Congress passed the measure. Although it failed to pass by its 1982 ratification deadline, some people believe the ERA is still alive. They are continuing the effort to put equality for women in the U.S. Constitution.

Author : Julie C. Suk
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
Page : 265 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-08-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781510755925

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We the Women by Julie C. Suk Pdf

Ruth Bader Ginsburg believed that the equal rights of women belonged in the Constitution. She stood on the shoulders of brilliant women who persisted across generations to change the Constitution. We the Women tells their stories, showing what’s at stake in the current battle for the Equal Rights Amendment. The year 2020 marks the centennial the Nineteenth Amendment, guaranteeing women’s constitutional right to vote. But have we come far enough? After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, revolutionary women demanded full equality beyond suffrage, by proposing the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Congress took almost fifty years to adopt it in 1972, and the states took almost as long to ratify it. In January 2020, Virginia became the final state needed to ratify the amendment. Why did the ERA take so long? Is it too late to add it to the Constitution? And what could it do for women? A leading legal scholar tells the story of the ERA through the voices of the bold women lawmakers who created it. They faced opposition and subterfuge at every turn, but they kept the ERA alive. And, despite significant victories by women lawyers like Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the achievements of gender equality have fallen short, especially for working mothers and women of color. Julie Suk excavates the ERA’s past to guide its future, explaining how the ERA can address hot-button issues such as pregnancy discrimination, sexual harassment, and unequal pay. The rise of movements like the Women’s March and #MeToo have ignited women across the country. Unstoppable women are winning elections, challenging male abuses of power, and changing the law to support working families. Can they add the ERA to the Constitution and improve American democracy? We the Women shows how the founding mothers of the ERA and the forgotten mothers of all our children have transformed our living Constitution for the better.

Author : United States
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1893
Category : Electronic
ISBN : PRNC:32101050870540

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Constitution by United States Pdf

Author : Holly J. McCammon,Verta Taylor,Jo Reger,Rachel L. Einwohner
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 841 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780190204204

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The Oxford Handbook of U.S. Women's Social Movement Activism by Holly J. McCammon,Verta Taylor,Jo Reger,Rachel L. Einwohner Pdf

Over the course of thirty-seven chapters, including an editorial introduction, this handbook provides a comprehensive examination of scholarly research and knowledge on a variety of aspects of women's collective activism in the United States, tracing both continuities and critical changes over time. Women have played pivotal and far-reaching roles in bringing about significant societal change, and women activists come from an array of different demographics, backgrounds and perspectives, including those that are radical, liberal, and conservative. The chapters in the handbook consider women's activism in the interest of women themselves as well as actions done on behalf of other social groups. The volume is organized into five sections. The first looks at U.S. Women's Social Activism over time, from the women's suffrage movement to the ERA, radical feminism, third-wave feminism, intersectional feminism and global feminism. Part two looks at issues that mobilize women, including workplace discrimination, reproductive rights, health, gender identity and sexuality, violence against women, welfare and employment, globalization, immigration and anti-feminist and pro-life causes. Part three looks at strategies, including movement emergence and resource mobilization, consciousness raising, and traditional and social media. Part four explores targets and tactics, including legislative forums, electoral politics, legal activism, the marketplace, the military, and religious and educational institutions. Finally, part five looks at women's participation within other movements, including the civil rights movement, the environmental movement, labor unions, LGBTQ movement, Latino activism, conservative groups, and the white supremacist movement.

Author : Kate Kelly
Publisher : Gibbs Smith
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781423658733

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Ordinary Equality by Kate Kelly Pdf

We are all living through modern constitutional history in the making, and Ordinary Equality helps teach about the past, present, and future of the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) through the lives of the bold, fearless women and queer people who have helped shape the U.S. Constitution. Ordinary Equality digs into the fascinating and little-known history of the ERA and the lives of the incredible—and often overlooked—women and queer people who have helped shape the U.S. Constitution for more than 200 years. Based on author Kate Kelly’s acclaimed podcast of the same name, Ordinary Equality recounts a story centuries in the making. From before the Constitution was even drafted to the modern day, she examines how and why constitutional equality for women and Americans of all marginalized genders has been systematically undermined for the past 100-plus years, and then calls us all to join the current movement to put it back on the table and get it across the finish line. Kate Kelly provides a much-needed fresh perspective on the ERA for feminists of all ages, and this engaging, illustrated look at history, law, and activism is sure to inspire many to continue the fight. Individual chapters tell the stories of Molly Brant (Koñwatsi-tsiaiéñni / Degonwadonti), Abigail Adams, Phillis Wheatley, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Alice Paul, Mary Church Terrell, Pauli Murray, Martha Wright Griffiths, Patsy Takemoto Mink, Barbara Jordan, and Pat Spearman, and features other key players and concepts, including Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Title IX, Danica Roem, and many more.

Author : Gilbert Steiner
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0815714297

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Constitutional Inequality by Gilbert Steiner Pdf

Traces the history of the Equal Rights Amendment, explains why it failed to pass, and assesses its chances for future passage.

Author : Jane J. Mansbridge
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9780226186443

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Why We Lost the ERA by Jane J. Mansbridge Pdf

In this work, Jane Mansbridge's fresh insights uncover a significant democratic irony - the development of self-defeating, contradictory forces within a democratic movement in the course of its struggle to promote its version of the common good. Mansbridge's book is absolutely essential reading for anyone interested in democratic theory and practice.

Author : Susan I. Rubin,United States. National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Sex discrimination
ISBN : UCR:31210024831776

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Equal Rights Amendment by Susan I. Rubin,United States. National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year Pdf

Author : Deborah Kops
Publisher : Boyds Mills Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-28
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781629797953

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Alice Paul and the Fight for Women's Rights by Deborah Kops Pdf

Perfect for Women's History Month, here is the story of the extraordinary Alice Paul, a leader in the long struggle for votes for women. Alice Paul made a significant impact on both the woman's suffrage movement—the long struggle for votes for women—to the "second wave," when women demanded full equality with men. After women won the vote in 1920, Paul wrote the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which would make all the laws that discriminated against women unconstitutional. Passage of the ERA became the rallying cry of a new movement of young women in the 1960s and '70s. Paul saw another chance to advance women's rights when the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 began moving through Congress. She set in motion the "sex amendment," which remains a crucial legal tool for helping women fight discrimination in the workplace. A true "girl power" book for today's young women, the title includes archival images, an author's note, a bibliography, and source notes.

Author : John F. Kowal
Publisher : The New Press
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2021-09-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781620975626

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The People’s Constitution by John F. Kowal Pdf

The 233-year story of how the American people have taken an imperfect constitution—the product of compromises and an artifact of its time—and made it more democratic Who wrote the Constitution? That’s obvious, we think: fifty-five men in Philadelphia in 1787. But much of the Constitution was actually written later, in a series of twenty-seven amendments enacted over the course of two centuries. The real history of the Constitution is the astonishing story of how subsequent generations have reshaped our founding document amid some of the most colorful, contested, and controversial battles in American political life. It’s a story of how We the People have improved our government’s structure and expanded the scope of our democracy during eras of transformational social change. The People’s Constitution is an elegant, sobering, and masterly account of the evolution of American democracy. From the addition of the Bill of Rights, a promise made to save the Constitution from near certain defeat, to the post–Civil War battle over the Fourteenth Amendment, from the rise and fall of the “noble experiment” of Prohibition to the defeat and resurgence of an Equal Rights Amendment a century in the making, The People’s Constitution is the first book of its kind: a vital guide to America’s national charter, and an alternative history of the continuing struggle to realize the Framers’ promise of a more perfect union.

Author : Rebecca DeWolf
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781496228291

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Gendered Citizenship by Rebecca DeWolf Pdf

By engaging deeply with American legal and political history as well as the increasingly rich material on gender history, Gendered Citizenship illuminates the ideological contours of the original struggle over the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) from 1920 to 1963. As the first comprehensive, full-length history of that struggle, this study grapples not only with the battle over women’s constitutional status but also with the more than forty-year mission to articulate the boundaries of what it means to be an American citizen. Through an examination of an array of primary source materials, Gendered Citizenship contends that the original ERA conflict is best understood as the terrain that allowed Americans to reconceptualize citizenship to correspond with women’s changing status after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Finally, Rebecca DeWolf considers the struggle over the ERA in a new light: focusing not on the familiar theme of why the ERA failed to gain enactment, but on how the debates transcended traditional liberal versus conservative disputes in early to mid-twentieth-century America. The conflict, DeWolf reveals, ultimately became the defining narrative for the changing nature of American citizenship in the era.

Author : Equal Rights Amendment Project,Anita Miller,Hazel Greenberg
Publisher : Greenwood
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1976-12-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780837190587

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The Equal Rights Amendment by Equal Rights Amendment Project,Anita Miller,Hazel Greenberg Pdf

Indexes congressional and other government publications, books, pamphlets, reports, papers, and periodical materials that deal with aspects of the history of the Equal Rights Amendment.

Author : Susan D. Becker
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1981-12-15
Category : Law
ISBN : UVA:X000322028

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The Origins of the Equal Rights Amendment by Susan D. Becker Pdf

A study focusing on the equalitarian feminists, particularly members of the National Women's Party, their allies and opponents during the 1920s and 1930s.

Author : Paula A. Monopoli
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780190092795

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Constitutional Orphan by Paula A. Monopoli Pdf

"On August 26, 1920, these words became part of the United States Constitution as its Nineteenth Amendment. The requisite thirty- six states had ratified the amendment in the year since its enactment by Congress on June 4, 1919. A revolution in women's rights, spanning over seventy years, came to a quiet conclusion as Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby signed the measure into law in the privacy of his home at eight o'clock in the morning.1 None of the prominent suffrage leaders of the day, including the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) president, Carrie Chapman Catt; or the National Woman's Party (NWP) chair, Alice Paul, were at the signing.2 Catt was later invited to go to the State Department to see the proclamation, but no similar invitation was extended to the more militant Paul. Paul had been a thorn in the side of President Woodrow Wilson, with her White House picketing and willingness to be imprisoned for the vote.3 Ratification was followed by ten years of litigation- most of it in state courts- during which the meaning and scope of the Nineteenth Amendment was contested. In its most literal sense, the Nineteenth Amendment did not confer a "right" to vote per se. Rather, it simply prohibited the states or the federal government from using sex as a criterion for voter eligibility.4 In other words, its ratification meant that state and federal impediments to voting based on sex were now unconstitutional. It did not mean that all women in the United States could vote.5 As a matter of law, the Nineteenth Amendment meant that states could not prevent African American women from voting based solely on their sex. Yet vast numbers of African American women were prevented from voting in the November 1920 presidential election that followed on the heels of ratification.6 They faced the same impediments- poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and physical intimidation- used to prevent their male counterparts from voting after ratification of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments.7 Those amendments conferred citizenship on previously enslaved persons and barred state or federal restrictions on voting based on race, color, and previous condition of servitude"--