Equality And Opportunity

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Equality of Opportunity

John E. Roemer
Equality of Opportunity Book PDF

Author : John E. Roemer
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 130 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2009-07-01
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674042872

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Equality of Opportunity by John E. Roemer Pdf

John Roemer points out that there are two views of equality of opportunity that are widely held today. The first, which he calls the nondiscrimination principle, states that in the competition for positions in society, individuals should be judged only on attributes relevant to the performance of the duties of the position in question. Attributes such as race or sex should not be taken into account. The second states that society should do what it can to level the playing field among persons who compete for positions, especially during their formative years, so that all those who have the relevant potential attributes can be considered. Common to both positions is that at some point the principle of equal opportunity holds individuals accountable for achievements of particular objectives, whether they be education, employment, health, or income. Roemer argues that there is consequently a "before" and an "after" in the notion of equality of opportunity: before the competition starts, opportunities must be equalized, by social intervention if need be; but after it begins, individuals are on their own. The different views of equal opportunity should be judged according to where they place the starting gate which separates "before" from "after." Roemer works out in a precise way how to determine the location of the starting gate in the different views.

Against Equality of Opportunity

Matt Cavanagh
Against Equality of Opportunity Book PDF

Author : Matt Cavanagh
Publisher : Clarendon Press
Page : 234 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2002-02-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780191584046

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Against Equality of Opportunity by Matt Cavanagh Pdf

Against Equality of Opportunity deals with the ways in which opportunities - education, jobs and other things which affect how people get on in life - are distributed. Take jobs: should the best person always get the job? Or should everyone be given an equal 'life chance'? Or can we somehow combine these two ideas, saying that the best person should always get the job, but that everyone should have an equal chance to become the best? These seem to be the standard views, but this book argues that they are all flawed. We need to understand meritocracy for what it is - a technical rather than a moral ideal; and we need to accept that equality just isn't something we should be striving for at all in this area. We also need to rethink our approach to the related issue of discrimination. We tend to assume discrimination is wrong because it violates either meritocracy or equality, when in fact it is wrong for quite different reasons. In all these areas, then, Cavanagh aims to loosen the grip of established ways of thinking, in order that other ideas might find room to breathe. This is particularly important in the case of meritocracy, which after the recent conversion of the centre-left now dominates the debate more than ever. This book will be of interest to students and teachers of political philosophy, but ultimately it is aimed at anyone who cares about the fundamental values that lie behind the way society is organized. Though the argument is rigorous, it does not require a professional philosophical training to follow it.

Equality and Opportunity

Shlomi Segall
Equality and Opportunity Book PDF

Author : Shlomi Segall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 241 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199661817

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Equality and Opportunity by Shlomi Segall Pdf

Egalitarians have traditionally been suspicious of equality of opportunity, but recently there has been a sea-change in egalitarian thinking about that concept. Shlomi Segall brings together these developments in egalitarian theory and offers a comprehensive account of 'radical equality of opportunity'.

How to Make Opportunity Equal

Paul Gomberg
How to Make Opportunity Equal Book PDF

Author : Paul Gomberg
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 192 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2008-04-15
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780470691625

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How to Make Opportunity Equal by Paul Gomberg Pdf

This critical examination of racial equality takes a new approach to breaking down racial barriers by proposing a system of equal opportunity through shared labor and contributive justice. Focuses on how race and class inevitably structure vastly unequal life prospects Shows how human society can be organized in a way that does not socialize children for lives of routine labour Looks towards contribution, not distribution, as a way to promote racial equality Argues that by sharing routine and complex labor, social relationships would be transformed, eliminating competition for limited opportunities to develop and contribute abilities A discussion board for ideas and comments relating to the book can be found at: http://howtomakeopportunityequal.blogspot.com/

Bottlenecks

Joseph Fishkin
Bottlenecks Book PDF

Author : Joseph Fishkin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 290 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199812141

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Bottlenecks by Joseph Fishkin Pdf

Based on author's thesis (doctoral--Oxford University, 2009) under title: Opportunity pluralism.

Equal Opportunity Theory

Dennis E. Mithaug
Equal Opportunity Theory Book PDF

Author : Dennis E. Mithaug
Publisher : SAGE
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1996-05-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780761902621

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Equal Opportunity Theory by Dennis E. Mithaug Pdf

Equal Opportunity Theory is a clear and comprehensive examination of the idea of self-determination: both the right to self-determination as well as its expression in our society. Author Dennis E. Mithaug examines society's collective responsibility for assuring fair prospects of self-determination for all people. This inclusive volume also describes how social policies derived from the theory of equal opportunity actually impact those with the least likely prospects for self-determination throughout their lives - the poor, the disabled, and people of color.

Higher Education and Equality of Opportunities

Frederick A. Lazin,Matt Evans,N. Jayaram
Higher Education and Equality of Opportunities Book PDF

Author : Frederick A. Lazin,Matt Evans,N. Jayaram
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780739146699

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Higher Education and Equality of Opportunities by Frederick A. Lazin,Matt Evans,N. Jayaram Pdf

The movement to broaden access to public universities, the dominant strategy during the 1970s and 1980s, has largely shifted to enable the marketplace, rather than the government, to shape the contours of higher education. Government funding is being reduced, affirmative action and other programs designed to ensure broader access are in decline, and personal fulfillment is replacing a public good designed to ensure greater equality of opportunities. This book explores the impact of diminishing government resources and expanding market forces in developing and developed countries to either foster or lessen equality of opportunities in higher education for different racial, ethnic, religious, and gender groupings. What are the consequences of a market-driven higher education for student access, teaching, and scholarship? Through case studies, this book explores issues such as access of minority groups within the larger societies, the place of foreign students in a national system, and access for students with mental health difficulties, and evaluates the success of funding schemes designed to expand opportunities and access. The research provides an interesting contrast of the diversity and uniqueness of higher education in the United States, France, Australia, India, Israel, South Korea, the Netherlands, Ghana, and several other countries, while at the same time revealing surprising commonalities. These studies reveal worldwide trends in higher education, including a cutback in government financing, a decline in access, and a recession of affirmative action. This book is an important addition to the literature on higher education during the age of globalization and the decline of government funding of higher education. The studies provide important data about the current situation in higher education in countries around the world. Book jacket.

How Not to be a Hypocrite

Adam Swift
How Not to be a Hypocrite Book PDF

Author : Adam Swift
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2003
Category : Education
ISBN : 0415311160

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How Not to be a Hypocrite by Adam Swift Pdf

Can parents send their children to private schools and still live up to their ideals? Can you be a good citizen and a good parent? These difficult questions, and many more, are raised and answered in this insightful and thought-provoking book.

Equality Of Opportunity: The Economics Of Responsibility

Francois Maniquet,Marc Fleurbaey
Equality Of Opportunity The Economics Of Responsibility Book PDF

Author : Francois Maniquet,Marc Fleurbaey
Publisher : World Scientific
Page : 334 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-03-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789813236950

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Equality Of Opportunity: The Economics Of Responsibility by Francois Maniquet,Marc Fleurbaey Pdf

Foreword by Eric Maskin (Nobel Laureate in Economics, 2007)This book is a collection of articles written by the two authors on the topic of equality of opportunity. All articles build on the idea that a just society should equalize the resources that determine the opportunities agents face in order to follow their goals. Resources are either external, like financial resources, or internal, like preferences or skills. The authors propose to define “equality of opportunity” as the combination of ethical principles of compensation and responsibility. The principle of compensation requires external resources to be used to compensate low-skilled agents (considering that inequalities due to skill differences are unjust). The principle of responsibility requires external resources to be allocated without regards to inequalities due to differences in preferences (considering that these inequalities are not unjust). The articles present different ways of combining the two principles in different economic contexts.The book offers many possible aspects of the analysis of equality of opportunity, ranging from axiomatic discussions in abstract compensation models, to the design of redistribution policies in concrete labor income taxation models.

New Brunswick Before the Equal Opportunity Program

Laurel Lewey,Louis J. Richard,Linda M. Turner
New Brunswick Before the Equal Opportunity Program Book PDF

Author : Laurel Lewey,Louis J. Richard,Linda M. Turner
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-01-01
Category : History
ISBN : 9781487502539

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New Brunswick Before the Equal Opportunity Program by Laurel Lewey,Louis J. Richard,Linda M. Turner Pdf

New Brunswick Before the Equal Opportunity Program highlights the experiences and observations of some of the earliest social workers in New Brunswick.

Inventing Equal Opportunity

Frank Dobbin
Inventing Equal Opportunity Book PDF

Author : Frank Dobbin
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2009-05-26
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 1400830893

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Inventing Equal Opportunity by Frank Dobbin Pdf

Equal opportunity in the workplace is thought to be the direct legacy of the civil rights and feminist movements and the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964. Yet, as Frank Dobbin demonstrates, corporate personnel experts--not Congress or the courts--were the ones who determined what equal opportunity meant in practice, designing changes in how employers hire, promote, and fire workers, and ultimately defining what discrimination is, and is not, in the American imagination. Dobbin shows how Congress and the courts merely endorsed programs devised by corporate personnel. He traces how the first measures were adopted by military contractors worried that the Kennedy administration would cancel their contracts if they didn't take "affirmative action" to end discrimination. These measures built on existing personnel programs, many designed to prevent bias against unionists. Dobbin follows the changes in the law as personnel experts invented one wave after another of equal opportunity programs. He examines how corporate personnel formalized hiring and promotion practices in the 1970s to eradicate bias by managers; how in the 1980s they answered Ronald Reagan's threat to end affirmative action by recasting their efforts as diversity-management programs; and how the growing presence of women in the newly named human resources profession has contributed to a focus on sexual harassment and work/life issues. Inventing Equal Opportunity reveals how the personnel profession devised--and ultimately transformed--our understanding of discrimination.

Spheres Of Justice

Michael Walzer
Spheres Of Justice Book PDF

Author : Michael Walzer
Publisher : Basic Books
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2008-08-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780786724390

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Spheres Of Justice by Michael Walzer Pdf

The distinguished political philosopher and author of the widely acclaimed Just and Unjust Wars analyzes how society distributes not just wealth and power but other social “goods” like honor, education, work, free time—even love.

Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action

Floyd D. Weatherspoon
Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action Book PDF

Author : Floyd D. Weatherspoon
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 472 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2018-12-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780429674921

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Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action by Floyd D. Weatherspoon Pdf

First published in 1985. In this remarkable book, the author has compiled a large collection of resource material that will be of benefit to the student as well as the practitioner of equal employment and affirmative action (EEO/AA). This book includes a broad scope of information on EEO/AA from its infancy and progresses through its rapidly changing and developing stages. Indeed, this book will be an invaluable asset in easily acquiring and supplementing one’s basic knowledge as well as providing a general overview of the subject area.

Education Policy and Equal Opportunity in Japan

Akito Okada
Education Policy and Equal Opportunity in Japan Book PDF

Author : Akito Okada
Publisher : Berghahn Books
Page : 214 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2011-12-01
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780857452689

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Education Policy and Equal Opportunity in Japan by Akito Okada Pdf

In many societies today, educational aims or goals are commonly characterized in terms of “equality,” “equal opportunity,” “equal access” or “equal rights,” the underlying assumption being that “equality” in some form is an intelligible and sensible educational ideal. Yet, there are different views and lively debates about what sort of equality should be pursued; in particular, the issue of equality of educational opportunity has served as justification for much of the postwar restructuring of educational systems around the world. The author explores different interpretations of the concept of equality of educational opportunity in Japan, especially as applied to post-World War II educational policies. By focusing on the positions taken by key actors such as the major political parties, central administrative bodies, teachers’ unions, and scholars, he describes how their concepts have developed over time and in what way they relate to the making of educational policy, especially in light of Japan’s falling birthrate and aging society.

The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy

Matthew D. Adler,Marc Fleurbaey
The Oxford Handbook of Well Being and Public Policy Book PDF

Author : Matthew D. Adler,Marc Fleurbaey
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2016-04-21
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780199325832

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The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy by Matthew D. Adler,Marc Fleurbaey Pdf

What are the methodologies for assessing and improving governmental policy in light of well-being? The Oxford Handbook of Well-Being and Public Policy provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary treatment of this topic. The contributors draw from welfare economics, moral philosophy, and psychology and are leading scholars in these fields. The Handbook includes thirty chapters divided into four Parts. Part I covers the full range of methodologies for evaluating governmental policy and assessing societal condition-including both the leading approaches in current use by policymakers and academics (such as GDP, cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, inequality and poverty metrics, and the concept of the "social welfare function"), and emerging techniques. Part II focuses on the nature of well-being. What, most fundamentally, determines whether an individual life is better or worse for the person living it? Her happiness? Her preference-satisfaction? Her attainment of various "objective goods"? Part III addresses the measurement of well-being and the thorny topic of interpersonal comparisons. How can we construct a meaningful scale of individual welfare, which allows for comparisons of well-being levels and differences, both within one individual's life, and across lives? Finally, Part IV reviews the major challenges to designing governmental policy around individual well-being.