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Author : Michael Bruno,Martin Ravallion,Lyn Squire
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Crecimiento - Paises en desarrollo
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Author : Michael Bruno
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:1290709864
January 1996There is no i ...
Author : Martin Ravallion
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:913715536
January 1996 There is no intrinsic tradeoff between long-run aggregate economic growth and overall equity. Policies aimed at helping the poor accumulate productive assets -- especially policies to improve schooling, health, and nutrition -- when adopted in a relatively nondistorted framework, are important instruments for achieving higher growth. The stylized fact that distribution must get worse with economic growth in poor countries before it can get better turns out not to be a fact at all. Growth's effects on inequality can go either way and are contingent on several other factors. Bruno, Ravallion, and Squire found no sign in the new cross-country data they assembled that growth has any systematic impact on inequality. Possibly measurement errors confound the true relationship, but they think it more likely that the relationship between growth and distribution is not as simple as some theories have held. Since distribution does not worsen, growth reduces absolute poverty. Indeed, absolute poverty measures typically respond quite elastically to growth, and the benefits are certainly not confined to those near typical poverty lines. Of course, one cannot say that growth always benefits the poor or that none of the poor lose from pro-growth policy reform Only aggregate effects are studied. But for 17 of the 20 countries for which they assemble quite good data (from at least two surveys since the mid-1980s), the mean and the proportion of people living below $1 a day moved in opposite directions. The gains to poor people from a distribution-neutral growth process will tend to be lower, the higher the extent of initial inequality. A smaller share of total income must imply a smaller absolute gain from a given increment to total income. Compensatory direct interventions can be important, provided they are integrated into a framework of fiscal and monetary discipline. The evidence does not suggest that growth is always distribution-neutral, and it would be wrong to conclude that changes in distribution are of little consequence. The point is not that distribution is irrelevant or that it never changes, but that its changes are roughly uncorrelated with economic growth. There is no intrinsic tradeoff between long-run aggregate efficiency and overall equity. Policies aimed athelping the poor accumulate productive assets -- especially policies to improve schooling, health, and nutrition -- when adopted in a relatively nondistorted framework, are important instruments for achieving higher growth. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics, and the Poverty and Human Resources Division and Office of the Director, Policy Research Department -- was prepared for the IMF Conference on Income Distribution and Sustainable Growth, June 1 - 2, 1995.
Author : B. Mak Arvin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 314 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2002-05-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780313012280
The success or failure of economic assistance programs is a shared responsibility of recipient countries and donors. The negative attitude about aid prevalent today underscores a perception the aid has failed. Critics often blame corrupt regimes, weak governments, or poor economic policies. However, the poor track record of aid is also due to donors' inability to allocate limited funds effectively and poor coordination of their aid efforts. Declining aid budgets have led to fundamental questioning of foreign aid's allocation and utility, while the apparent ineffectiveness of aid has shrunk aid budgets and turned public opinion against providing it. This edited collection containing pieces written by leading development specialists evaluates these emerging questions of allocation and efficiency. Development economists, policy makers, and development specialists will benefit from reading this work. Chapters examine the optimal and intertemporal allocation of aid, the role and accountability of NGOs in allocation, the importance of untying (a new perspective on low levels of aid), and links between the allocation pattern of donors. Additional chapters deal with the impact of aid on economic growth, democracy, wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labor, and the role of governance and institutional capacity in aid effectiveness. An effective balance between theoretical and empirical models is offered to better illustrate the issues involved.
Author : Catherine Gwin,Joan M. Nelson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1997-11-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105019367692
Sam Mendes directs this James Bond adventure. Daniel Craig stars as Bond, whose loyalty to M (Judi Dench) is tested as her past comes back to haunt her, and Bond's own doubts about his life and livelihood start to creep in. As MI6 comes under attack and Bond is sent to Shanghai to investigate, he must keep his focus on tracking down and destroying the threat - no matter how high the personal cost. Ralph Fiennes, Javier Bardem and Albert Finney co-star.
Author : United Nations Development Programme
Publisher : Human Development Report
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 9780195111583
The Human Development Report, now in its seventh edition, updates the unique Human Development Indicators comparing human development in most countries of the world, and the data tables on all aspects of human development. The special focus of this edition is on the important link between economic growth and human development. The Report maintains that the link is not automatic but can be established through proper policy management, arguing the case for initiating and accelerating economic growth and at the same time accelerating and sustaining human development in different parts of the world. The Report also maintains that the quality of growth is as important as its quantity; otherwise, growth can be jobless, voiceless, ruthless, rootless, and futureless. It identifies employment as an important instrument in translating the benefits of economic growth into people's lives.An indispensable resource for courses in international development, the Report ranks 174 countries according to the Human Development Index (HDI). It also gives the global ranking of more than 100 countries in terms of Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). The first index represents HDI, taking into account gender inequality in capabilities, and the second represents female opportunities in selected economic and political areas. New to this edition is the Capability Poverty Measure (CPM), which is used as an alternative to the traditional income poverty measure. The Report concludes that the future challenge is how to forge and sustain the desired kind of linkage between economic growth and human development in a globalized world which represents both opportunities and threats for the nations of the world.
Author : Hyun Hwa Son
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 274 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2013-04-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136579325
Equity is an abstract concept covering philosophical issues such as fairness and social justice, making its definition and measurement complex. This volume tackles these complexities head-on. The book is enriched with many empirical analyses and provides a comprehensive analysis of equity ranging from concepts and measurements to empirical illustrations and policy implications. After an extensive discussion on equity in the introduction, this volume begins with a chapter on well-being where the concepts of functioning and capability are discussed. This is followed by a few chapters on what an equitable distribution is and how equity can be measured. The volume then provides a definition and a methodology to measure equitable growth, examining the relationship between growth, inequality, and poverty. It also presents various empirical illustrations and country-specific experiences with three country case studies which assess whether publicly provided health and education services are equitable in developing Asia, examining the extent to which these social services favor the poor as well as the policy challenges to a more equitable delivery of these services. Finally, these country studies provide evidence–based policy recommendations to improve equity in social service delivery in developing countries. Achieving social equity has long been an important policy goal. There are relatively few studies on equity. This book aims to help fill this gap with an in-depth analysis of the issues associated with equity, covering its concept, measurement, and policy practices and implications.
Author : Shigeru Thomas Otsubo
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2015-10-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781317390893
Globalization and Development is a "cross-national study" on the "interstate dispersion" of the impacts (on growth, inequality and poverty) that international economic integration provides to the economies of the developing countries. In order to present the "Leading Issues in Development with Globalization" in a balanced manner, to identify differences and commonalities among "Country Experiences" in development with globalization, and to introduce diversified development paradigms with forward-looking discussions "In Search of a New Development Paradigm" for the post-MDGs era, this publication consists of three volumes and four main parts. Volume III (Part IV) presents the diversified development paradigms such as the GNH (Bhutan), the sufficiency economy (Thailand), the reform and opening up paradigm (China), the African and Latin American paradigms, and the Islamic development paradigm. The Concluding Chapter presents the evolution of development paradigms in the global development cooperation community after World War II, and then offers a glimpse into new development paradigms for the post-MDG era. This book intends to serve as a unique and comprehensive guide for those in the international development community on the subjects of diversified development paradigms/paths under globalization and other challenges in the post-MDG era.
Author : Andrés Solimano,Eduardo Aninat,Nancy Birdsall
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
Page : 218 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0472110861
Examines the growth-equity relationship in developing countries
Author : Alfaro d'Alençon, Paola,Boanada-Fuchs, Anthony,Greene, Margarita,Krishnamurthy, Sukanya,Michelutti, Enrico,Moretto, Luisa,Smit, Warren
Publisher : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9783798332270
Cities are considered “engines of economic growth,” yet many cities in the global South struggle to increase productivity and provide significant economic opportunities for their growing populations. There is a need to deepen the knowledge on the links between public goods and services and equitable economic growth and how to support such processes, in policy and strategic terms, locally and globally. Against this background, this publication developed in the collaboration between Cities Alliance’s Equitable Economic Growth Cities Campaign initiative and three international research networks N-AERUS, AURI, REDEUS_LAC. The research explores how the interface between urban research and policymaking can be redefined to ensure that public goods and services foster equitable growth. It reveals a richness of practices that provide a broad and lasting positive impact in terms of equitable economic growth in urban development. One of them shows that collaborative efforts between academia, policy makers, communities, and practitioners can play a crucial role in enriching these debates and processes. Städte gelten als „Motoren des Wirtschaftswachstums“. Im globalen Süden kämpfen viele Städte darum, die ansässige Produktivität zu steigern um der wachsenden Stadtbevölkerung bessere wirtschaftliche Möglichkeiten zu bieten. Deshalb ist es erforderlich, Wissen über die Verbindungen zwischen öffentlichen Gütern und Dienstleistungen und gerechten Wirtschaftswachstum zu vertiefen, um Prozesse auf politischer und strategischer Hinsicht und lokaler und globaler Ebene zu unterstützen. Diese Publikation als Ergebnis der Zusammenarbeit zwischen Cities Alliance, über das Equitable Economic Growth Cities Programm und der internationalen Forschungsnetzwerke N-AERUS, AURI, REDEUS_LAC, untersucht wie die Schnittstelle zwischen Stadtforschung und Politikgestaltung neu definiert werden kann, so dass öffentliche Güter und Dienstleistungen gerechtes Wachstum fördern können. Die Forschung weist auf Praktiken, die einen breiten und dauerhaften positiven Einfluss auf ein gerechtes Wirtschaftswachstum in der Stadtentwicklung haben hin. Sie zeigt u.a., wie gemeinsame Bemühungen zwischen Hochschulen, politische Akteure, Gemeinden und Praktikern eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Bereicherung dieser Debatten und den laufenden Prozessen spielen können.
Author : Caesar Cheelo,Marja Hinfelaar,Manenga Ndulo
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 289 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-31
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781000537031
Coming together from across several disciplines, the contributors to this book reflect on the considerable problem of inequality in Zambia, comparing it with other countries both in the region and more broadly. The World Bank consistently ranks Zambia among the countries with the highest levels of poverty and inequality globally, but the problem is not widely studied; and the studies that do exist tend to focus solely on economic measures of inequality. This book uses a multidimensional analysis of inequalities, highlighting the ways in which certain social groups and geographical locations are more likely to suffer multiple inequalities. It investigates key issues around poverty, healthcare, income, law, disability, and power inequalities. Particularly showcasing the work of local researchers, this book will be of interest to researchers of African studies, development, economics, and politics.
Author : Kishor Sharma
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2003-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781134433278
This new book provides a selection of writings that cover trade, equity and development in Asia. Clem Tisdell, T.N. Srinivasan, Gustav Ranis and others write on countries from Pakistan and India to Korea and Indonesia.
Author : John Baffoe-Bonnie,Mohammed Khayum
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 276 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2003-04-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780313057007
Important lessons for policy makers are provided here as contributors evaluate the effectiveness of domestic economic policies and the recommendations of international organizations such as the World Bank regarding the economic development of developing countries. Challenges posed by debt problems, corruption, population dynamics, poverty, and the absence of adequate human and physical capital are highlighted. Contributors cast doubts on the conclusions of the prevailing theories of economic development with patterns of economic change over the course of the 20th century. Their findings point out the issue of inadequate social capability as a critical factor in understanding the lack of economic development in many developing countries. They suggest that contemporary theorizing tends to pinpoint necessary but insufficient conditions for the successful implementation of development strategies in these countries.
Author : Ercan Uygur,Huseyin Karamelikli
Publisher : Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu
Page : 2118 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2018-12-31
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789758958214
Author : David Bigman
Publisher : CABI
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780851995755
The globalization process and the internal policy reforms that the developing countries have implemented during the past decade have changed the relative prices of practically all their inputs and outputs. Agricultural producers have therefore been forced to change the structure and methods of their production. The objective of this book is to review the impact of globalization on a number of issues. These include the effects of changes in global trading rules and regulations, the removal of trade barriers and the elimination of many country-specific trade agreements.
