Ethnic Cleansing In The Ussr 1937 1949

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Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949

J. Otto Pohl
Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR 1937 1949 Book PDF

Author : J. Otto Pohl
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Page : 200 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 1999-05-30
Category : History
ISBN : 9781567508888

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Ethnic Cleansing in the USSR, 1937-1949 by J. Otto Pohl Pdf

Between 1937 and 1949, Joseph Stalin deported more than two million people of 13 nationalities from their homelands to remote areas of the U.S.S.R. His regime perfected the crime of ethnic cleansing as an adjunct to its security policy during those decades. Based upon material recently released from Soviet archives, this study describes the mass deportation of these minorities, their conditions in exile, and their eventual release. It includes a large amount of statistical data on the number of people deported; deaths and births in exile; and the role of the exiles in developing the economy of remote areas of the Soviet Union. The first wholesale deportation involved the Soviet Koreans, relocated to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to prevent them from assisting Japanese spies and saboteurs. The success of this operation led the secret police to adopt, as standard procedure, the deportation of whole ethnic groups suspected of disloyalty to the Soviet state. In 1941, the policy affected Soviet Finns and Germans; in 1943, the Karachays and Kalmyks were forcibly relocated; in 1944, the massive deportation affected the Chechens, Ingush, Balkars, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Greeks, Meskhetian Turks, Kurds, and Khemshils; and finally, the Black Sea Greeks were moved in 1949 and 1950.

The Years of Great Silence

Jonathan Otto Pohl
The Years of Great Silence Book PDF

Author : Jonathan Otto Pohl
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-03-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9783838216300

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The Years of Great Silence by Jonathan Otto Pohl Pdf

This monograph provides a detailed yet concise narrative of the history of the ethnic Germans in the Russian Empire and USSR. It starts with the settlement in the Russian Empire by German colonists in the Volga, Black Sea, and other regions in 1764, tracing their development and Tsarist state policies towards them up until 1917. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Soviet policy towards its ethnic Germans varied. It shifted from a generally favorable policy in the 1920s to a much more oppressive one in the 1930s, i.e. already before the Soviet-German war. J. Otto Pohl traces the development of Soviet repression of ethnic Germans. In particular, he focuses on the years 1941 to 1955 during which this oppression reached its peak. These years became known as “the Years of Great Silence” (“die Jahre des grossen Schweigens”). In fact, until the era of glasnost (transparency) and perestroika (rebuilding) in the late 1980s, the events that defined these years for the Soviet Germans could not be legally researched, written about, or even publicly spoken about, within the USSR.

Politics of Ethnic Cleansing

Kledja Mulaj
Politics of Ethnic Cleansing Book PDF

Author : Kledja Mulaj
Publisher : Lexington Books
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0739117823

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Politics of Ethnic Cleansing by Kledja Mulaj Pdf

This book examines the causes and consequences of ethnic cleansing in the twentieth century Balkans. The analysis offers a top-down interpretation of the expulsion of ethno-national minorities as a means of state-building and questions the argument for forced homogenization as a conflict resolution strategy. In providing a thorough and consistent analysis of large-scale episodes of ethinic cleansing, the book fills an important gap in existing conflict and peace studies literature.

Stalinism

Alter L. Litvin,John L. H. Keep
Stalinism Book PDF

Author : Alter L. Litvin,John L. H. Keep
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Biography & Autobiography
ISBN : 0415351081

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Stalinism by Alter L. Litvin,John L. H. Keep Pdf

This volume, the fruit of co operation between a British and Russian historian, seeks to review comparatively the progress made in recent years, largely thanks to the opening of the Russian archives, in enlarging our understanding of Stalin and

Origin & Ancestors Families Karle & Kaiser of the German-Russian Volga Colonies

Darrel Philip Kaiser
Origin Ancestors Families Karle Kaiser of the German Russian Volga Colonies Book PDF

Author : Darrel Philip Kaiser
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 586 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2006-04
Category : History
ISBN : 9781411698949

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Origin & Ancestors Families Karle & Kaiser of the German-Russian Volga Colonies by Darrel Philip Kaiser Pdf

"Join me in this book as I stumble my way across das Mutterland to learn all I can about my maternal and paternal surnames, Karle & Kaiser, and my other forty-five ancestral surnames (Adolf, Andreas, Arp, Arnst, Becker, Bopp, Burbach, Dagenheim, Foht, Freund, Geringer, Grun, Hart, Heiland, Hermann, Hess, Heylmann, Hieronymus, Horn, Ikstadt, Kohler, Kramer, Lieders, Maurer, Michel, Neumann, Nicolausen, Nillmayer, Popp, Roth, Rudolph, Schaeffer, Scherer, Schiller, Schmiedt, Schneider, Schutz, Simon, Steitz, Trieber, Trippel, Vogt, Werner, Will, Zeichmann). Read how the Black Death, and the 30 Years and 7 Years Wars plagued them. Learn of the Catherine the Great "Scam" and its effect on the Volga Germans. Share their fear as the Russians close in. Travel with them to their new homeland in the Americas." Traces the origins of Karle & Kaiser from about 50,000BC. Covers DNA tracking, pre-German history, religion, the Volga life and villages, and escape to the Americas. Over 560 pages,200 pictures,80 maps.

Enemies of the People under Stalinism

Alexey Vinogradov,Albert Pleysier
Enemies of the People under Stalinism Book PDF

Author : Alexey Vinogradov,Albert Pleysier
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2023-07-03
Category : History
ISBN : 9780761874102

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Enemies of the People under Stalinism by Alexey Vinogradov,Albert Pleysier Pdf

Stalinism is the name that is used to identify the political and economic systems introduced and implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union from the time that Stalin became the supreme power in the Russian Communist Party in 1927 to his death in 1953. During those years, Stalin’s economic policies turned the Soviet Union into an industrial giant with all industries under State management and control. The State was, Stalin and the Party. Stalin’s policies also brought about the collectivization of almost all the agricultural land in the Soviet Union. Each collective farm was regulated by the State. Stalin was a committed Marxian socialist who believed that it was possible to transform the Soviet Union into a Marxian socialist society without assistance from abroad. It was to be a society without the presence of Christianity or any other religious faith. People in the Soviet Union who opposed Stalin’s policies were arrested by Stalin’s feared secret police organizations. The victims were either exiled from the Soviet Union, detained in city prisons, sent to prison labor camps located in Siberia or executed. No Soviet citizen was immune from arrest. This was evident during periods of time when Stalin purged the Russian Communist Party, the only recognized political party in the Soviet Union. The citizens who were declared guilty of the charge or charges brought against them by the State were labeled” enemies of the people.” Family members, close relatives and friends of the victims would suffer serious consequences as well.

Exiled to Stalin's Prisons

Albert Pleysier,Alexey Vinogradov
Exiled to Stalin s Prisons Book PDF

Author : Albert Pleysier,Alexey Vinogradov
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 145 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2018-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9780761870401

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Exiled to Stalin's Prisons by Albert Pleysier,Alexey Vinogradov Pdf

“Why have I been exiled to prison?” It was a question millions of Soviet citizens asked themselves in the latter 1930s and in the years that followed World War Two. The charges brought against those who were imprisoned were decided by the State and the time of incarceration was also decided by the State. Urkho Rukhanen was arrested in 1938 and was accused of participating in an anti-Soviet nationalist organization. The accusation was a fabrication. Urkho was declared guilty, was exiled to a prison labor camp and was released in 1946. Sofia Prupis was arrested in 1949. She was accused of being a Trotskyite and a Zionist. The charges brought against her were fabrications. She was declared guilty of treason and given a ten-year sentence. Both Urkho and Sofia are the main subjects in the book.

The Economy of Ethnic Cleansing

David W. Gerlach
The Economy of Ethnic Cleansing Book PDF

Author : David W. Gerlach
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-11-09
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107196193

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The Economy of Ethnic Cleansing by David W. Gerlach Pdf

Examines the economic motivations and complications that drove ethnic cleansing in the post-World War II Sudetenland.

Emigration to and from the German-Russian Volga Colonies

Darrel Philip Kaiser
Emigration to and from the German Russian Volga Colonies Book PDF

Author : Darrel Philip Kaiser
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9780615170107

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Emigration to and from the German-Russian Volga Colonies by Darrel Philip Kaiser Pdf

This book covers the emigration of the "Catherine the Great" Germans into the Volga River area in the mid to late 1700's, the movement of the Volga German-Russians further east of the Volga River into Russia's Steppes, the western exodus of the Volga German-Russians to the United States, Canada, Germany, Brazil and Argentina in the late 1800's and early 1900's, the Stalin ordered deportation of all Volga German-Russians to Siberia in the 1940's, and their final emigrations back to Germany and their long gone Volga River Colonies. This is my fourth book on the history of the Volga Colonies. See all my books at my websites, www.Volga-Germans.com & www.DarrelKaiserBooks.com

Moscow's Final Solution

Darrel Philip Kaiser
Moscow s Final Solution Book PDF

Author : Darrel Philip Kaiser
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 134 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : History
ISBN : 9780615157801

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Moscow's Final Solution by Darrel Philip Kaiser Pdf

The Final Chapter of the German-Russian Volga Colonies is filled with words like Starvation, Torture, Mass Murders, Deportation, Siberia, and GENOCIDE. Why? One would think that after all the trouble that Tsarina Catherine the Great went to get the Germans to come to Russia, and after living in the Volga Colonies for 100 years, they would be welcome forever. Not so: the Russians felt the German-Russians were still "Germans" at heart and not to be trusted. This book covers the increasing stranglehold that the Tsarist Government clamped on the Volga Colonies around 1860. This was the start of 81 years of Russian scheming to rid Russia of the German-Russians. Also covered is their deportation and life in Siberia, and Moscow's elimination of all traces of the German-Russians Volga Colonies. "GENOCIDE" This is my third book in a series on the German-Russian Volga Colonies. See all my books at my websites, www.Volga-Germans.com & www.DarrelKaiserBooks.com

Ethnic Conflict in Asymmetric Federations

Gorana Grgić
Ethnic Conflict in Asymmetric Federations Book PDF

Author : Gorana Grgić
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2016-12-19
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781134821129

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Ethnic Conflict in Asymmetric Federations by Gorana Grgić Pdf

In the last years of their existence, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) found themselves facing a similar and very grim state of affairs. After their disintegration, the former Yugoslav republics spiralled into a set of ethnic conflicts that did not leave a single one of them unscathed, and in the ex-Soviet space, conflicts were far more limited. This book offers an in-depth analysis of the difference in state collapses and ensuing conflicts in the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia by focusing on their asymmetric ethnofederal structure and the different dynamics of ethnic mobilization that the federal units experienced. Moreover, it explores the links between identity politics and international relations, as the latter has been a latecomer in research on ethnonationalism and ethnic conflict. Finally, it contributes to the literature on the democratization-conflict nexus by proposing that the sequencing of ethnic mobilization and political liberalization has significant effects on the likelihood of conflict. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of Post-Soviet politics, Balkan politics, ethnic conflict, peace and conflict studies, federalism, and more broadly to comparative politics and international relations.

The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe

H. Zeynep Bulutgil
The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe Book PDF

Author : H. Zeynep Bulutgil
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2016-09-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107135864

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The Roots of Ethnic Cleansing in Europe by H. Zeynep Bulutgil Pdf

Brings together arguments focussing on domestic and international factors to offer a coherent theory of the causes of ethnic cleansing.

Germans to Poles

Hugo Service
Germans to Poles Book PDF

Author : Hugo Service
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 389 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2013-07-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107671485

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Germans to Poles by Hugo Service Pdf

This book examines the ways Poland dealt with the territories and peoples it gained from Germany after the Second World War.

Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin's Soviet Union

A. S. Kotli︠a︡rchuk,Olle Sundström
Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin s Soviet Union Book PDF

Author : A. S. Kotli︠a︡rchuk,Olle Sundström
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2017-12-12
Category : Minorities
ISBN : 917601777X

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Ethnic and Religious Minorities in Stalin's Soviet Union by A. S. Kotli︠a︡rchuk,Olle Sundström Pdf

This anthology presents studies of Stalinism in the ethnic and religious bor-derlands of the Soviet Union. The authors not only cover hitherto less researched geographical areas, but have also addressed new questions and added new source material. Most of the contributors to this anthology use a micro-his-torical approach. With this approach, it is not the entire area of the country, with millions of separate individuals that are in focus but rather particular and cohesive ethnic and religious communities. Micro-history does not mean ignoring a macro-historical perspective. What happened on the local level had an all-Union context, and communism was a European-wide phenomenon. This means that the history of minorities in the Soviet Union during Stalin's rule cannot be grasped outside the national and international context; aspects which are also considered in this volume. The chapters of the book are case studies on various minority groups, both ethnic and religious. In this way, the book gives a more complex picture of the causes and effects of the state-run mass violence during Stalinism. The publication is the outcome of a multidisciplinary international research network lead by Andrej Kotljarchuk (SOdertOrn University, Sweden) and Olle SundstrOm (UmeA University, Sweden) and consisting of specialists from Estonia, France, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine and the United States. These scholars represent various disciplines: Anthropology, Cultural Studies, History and the History of Religions.

A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism

Silvio Pons,Robert Service
A Dictionary of 20th Century Communism Book PDF

Author : Silvio Pons,Robert Service
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 960 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781400834525

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A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism by Silvio Pons,Robert Service Pdf

An encyclopedic guide to 20th-century communism around the world The first book of its kind to appear since the end of the Cold War, this indispensable reference provides encyclopedic coverage of communism and its impact throughout the world in the 20th century. With the opening of archives in former communist states, scholars have found new material that has expanded and sometimes altered the understanding of communism as an ideological and political force. A Dictionary of 20th-Century Communism brings this scholarship to students, teachers, and scholars in related fields. In more than 400 concise entries, the book explains what communism was, the forms it took, and the enormous role it played in world history from the Russian Revolution through the collapse of the Soviet Union and beyond. Examines the political, intellectual, and social influences of communism around the globe Features contributions from an international team of 160 scholars Includes more than 400 entries on major topics, such as: Figures: Lenin, Mao, Stalin, Ho Chi Minh, Pol Pot, Castro, Gorbachev Events: Cold War, Prague Spring, Cultural Revolution, Sandinista Revolution Ideas and concepts: Marxism-Leninism, cult of personality, labor Organizations and movements: KGB, Comintern, Gulag, Khmer Rouge Related topics: totalitarianism, nationalism, antifascism, anticommunism, McCarthyism Guides readers to further research through bibliographies, cross-references, and an index