Ethology And Behavioral Ecology Of Sea Otters And Polar Bears

Author : Randall W. Davis,Anthony M. Pagano
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 366 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2021-07-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030667962

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Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sea Otters and Polar Bears by Randall W. Davis,Anthony M. Pagano Pdf

Sea otters and polar bears are carnivorous marine mammals that still resemble their terrestrial ancestors. Compared with Cetacea (whales and dolphins), Sirenia (dugongs and manatees), and Pinnipedia (seals, sea lions, and walrus), they are less adapted for an aquatic life and the most recently evolved among marine mammals. Sea otters are amphibious but seldom come ashore, and polar bears primarily occur on sea ice or along the shore. When at sea, both species spend most of their time swimming at the surface or making short, shallow dives when foraging or pursuing prey. Indeed, polar bears rarely pursue seals in water. Nevertheless, polar bears are powerful swimmers and will stalk seals from the water. As with many other large carnivores, they are solitary hunters. Although sea otters are gregarious and form aggregations at sea called rafts, they are primarily asocial. Except during mating, the principal interaction among sea otters occurs between a female and offspring during the six-month dependency period. In large carnivores (e.g., wolves and lions) that feed on ungulates, sociality and cooperation are favored because of the need to capture large prey and defend carcasses. Polar bears, which are the largest terrestrial carnivore, are solitary hunters of seals and are neither gregarious nor social. Males and females briefly associate during courtship and mating. During this time, males aggressively compete for females. At other times, males generally avoid each other except for aggregations of males that form while summering on land, and females with cubs avoid males, which are known for infanticide. As with sea otters, the interaction of polar bears outside of mating occurs between a female and her offspring during the 2-3 year dependency period. This interaction is critically important when altricial cubs are born in the winter den. This book provides new insight into the ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears. Each chapter reviews the discoveries of previous studies and integrates recent research using new techniques and technology. The authors also address historic and current anthropogenic challenges for their survival as climate change alters entire marine ecosystems.

Author : Helene Marsh
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 428 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-09
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030907426

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Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Sirenia by Helene Marsh Pdf

Despite their rich fossil history, there are only four surviving species of sirenians or sea cows, the only fully aquatic herbivorous mammals. The three species of manatees and the dugong live in the coastal waters rivers and lakes of more than 80 tropical and subtropical countries and are all on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This book examines sirenian conservation biology through the lens of their behavioral ecology and ethology. Sirenian feeding, diving, movement, social and reproductive behaviors are reviewed by an international team of scientists from eight countries, with an emphasis on data gathered in the past 15 years.

Author : Claudio Campagna,Robert Harcourt
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 667 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-06-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9783030591847

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Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Otariids and the Odobenid by Claudio Campagna,Robert Harcourt Pdf

This book is focused on the marine mammalian groups the Otariidae and the Odobenidae, otherwise known as fur seals, sea lions and the walrus. In 30 chapters, more than 60 authors from 30 institutions and 13 nationalities, discuss a broad suite of topics from maternal care and mating behavior, through play, cognition and personality, to adaptation to life in the Anthropocene. The authors explore the behaviors that have allowed these semi-aquatic mammals to thrive in the marine realm. Many populations have recovered following historical decimation, with interesting evolutionary consequences which are explored. Detailed, selected, individual species descriptions are also provided, showcasing the behavioral diversity of this engaging, adaptive and highly successful group of marine mammals.

Author : Bernd Würsig
Publisher : Springer
Page : 508 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2019-08-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030166632

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Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes by Bernd Würsig Pdf

This book concentrates on the marine mammalian group of Odontocetes, the toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises. In 23 chapters, a total of 40 authors describe general patterns of ethological concepts of odontocetes in their natural environments, with a strong bent towards behavioral ecology. Examples are given of particularly well-studied species and species groups for which enough data exist, especially from the past 15 years. The aim is to give a modern flavor of present knowledge of ethology and behavior of generally large-brained behaviorally flexible mammals that have evolved quite separately from social mammals on land. As well, the plight of populations and species due to humans is described in multiple chapters, with the goal that an understanding of behavior can help to solve or alleviate at least some human-made problems.

Author : Vincent L. Bels,Anthony P. Russell
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 594 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2023-03-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031114410

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Convergent Evolution by Vincent L. Bels,Anthony P. Russell Pdf

This volume presents a series of case studies, at different levels of inclusivity, of how organisms exhibit functional convergence as a key evolutionary mechanism resulting in responses to similar environmental constraints in mechanically similar ways. The contributors to this volume have selected and documented cases of convergent evolution of form and function that are perceived to be driven by environmental abiotic and/or biotic challenges that fall within their areas of expertise. Collectively these chapters explore this phenomenon across a broad phylogenetic spectrum. The sequence of chapters follows the organizational principle of increasing phylogenetic inclusivity, rather than the clustering of chapters by perceived similarity of the phenotypic features or biomechanical challenges being considered. This is done to maintain focus on the evolutionary phenomenon that is the primary subject matter of the book, thereby providing a basis for discussion among the readership about what is necessary and sufficient to justify the recognition of functional convergence. All chapters stress the need for integrative approaches for the elucidation of both pattern and process as they relate to convergence at various taxonomic levels.

Author : Katherine Applegate
Publisher : Feiwel & Friends
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2022-09-20
Category : Juvenile Fiction
ISBN : 9781250147431

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Odder by Katherine Applegate Pdf

Now a #1 New York Times bestseller! A touching and lyrical tale about a remarkable sea otter, from Newbery Medalist Katherine Applegate, author of Wishtree. Meet Odder, the Queen of Play: Nobody has her moves. She doesn’t just swim to the bottom, she dive-bombs. She doesn’t just somersault, she triple-doughnuts. She doesn’t just ride the waves, she makes them. Odder spends her days off the coast of central California, practicing her underwater acrobatics and spinning the quirky stories for which she’s known. She’s a fearless daredevil, curious to a fault. But when Odder comes face-to-face with a hungry great white shark, her life takes a dramatic turn, one that will challenge everything she believes about herself—and about the humans who hope to save her. Inspired by the true story of a Monterey Bay Aquarium program that pairs orphaned otter pups with surrogate mothers, this poignant and humorous tale told in free verse examines bravery and healing through the eyes of one of nature’s most beloved and charming animals.

Author : Bernd Würsig,Dara N. Orbach
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 613 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2023-09-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783031356513

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Sex in Cetaceans by Bernd Würsig,Dara N. Orbach Pdf

Sex in Cetaceans provides an up-to-date review of multi-faceted aspects related to mating and reproduction in toothed and baleen whales. This open access book begins with discussions of sexual selection and anatomical traits related to mating and diversity between the sexes. The functions of non-conceptive copulations are reviewed as are different research techniques applied to explore sex in cetaceans. Authors and editors build knowledge of female and male social, mating, and parental strategies and tactics for several specific toothed dolphin/porpoise/whale species and baleen whale species. It concludes with a discussion of potential conservation efforts and ways to help especially beleaguered species and populations the world over. The volume is intended as a major primer of cetacean sex for undergraduate and graduate students, new and established researchers in the field, and the public wishing to learn more.

Author : Paul J. Ponganis
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 351 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2015-11-26
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9780521765558

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Diving Physiology of Marine Mammals and Seabirds by Paul J. Ponganis Pdf

An up-to-date synthesis of comparative diving physiology research, illustrating the features of dive performance and its biomedical and ecological relevance.

Author : A. Rus Hoelzel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2009-04-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781444311334

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Marine Mammal Biology by A. Rus Hoelzel Pdf

This book provides a general introduction to the biology of marine mammals, and an overview of the adaptations that have permitted mammals to succeed in the marine environment. Each chapter, written by experts in their field, will provide an up-to-date review and present the major discoveries and innovations in the field. Important technical advances such as satellite telemetry and time-depth-recorders will be described in boxes.

Author : Glenn R. VanBlaricom,James A. Estes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 261 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642728457

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The Community Ecology of Sea Otters by Glenn R. VanBlaricom,James A. Estes Pdf

The impetus for this volume comes from two sources. The first is scientific: by virtue of a preference for certain large benthic invertebrates as food, sea otters have interesting and significant effects on the structure and dynamics of nearshore communities in the North Pacific. The second is political: be cause of the precarious status of the sea otter population in coastal California, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) announced, in June 1984, a proposal to establish a new population of sea otters at San Nicolas Island, off southern California. The proposal is based on the premise that risks of catastrophic losses of sea otters, due to large oil spills, are greatly reduced by distributing the population among two geographically separate locations. The federal laws of the U.S. require that USFWS publish an Environmental Impact Statement (ElS) regarding the proposed translocation of sea otters to San Nicolas Island. The EIS is intended to be an assessment of likely bio logical, social, and economic effects of the proposal. In final form, the EIS has an important role in the decision of federal management authority (in this case, the Secretary of the Interior of the U.S.) to accept or reject the proposal.

Author : Marianne Riedman,James A. Estes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Enhydra
ISBN : PURD:32754061746941

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The Sea Otter (Enhydra Lutris) by Marianne Riedman,James A. Estes Pdf

Author : William F. Perrin,Bernd Würsig,J.G.M. Thewissen
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 1352 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2009-02-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 0080919936

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Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals by William F. Perrin,Bernd Würsig,J.G.M. Thewissen Pdf

This thorough revision of the classic Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals brings this authoritative book right up-to-date. Articles describe every species in detail, based on the very latest taxonomy, and a host of biological, ecological and sociological aspects relating to marine mammals. The latest information on the biology, ecology, anatomy, behavior and interactions with man is provided by a cast of expert authors – all presented in such detail and clarity to support both marine mammal specialists and the serious naturalist. Fully referenced throughout and with a fresh selection of the best color photographs available, the long-awaited second edition remains at the forefront as the go-to reference on marine mammals. More than 20% NEW MATERIAL includes articles on Climate Change, Pacific White-sided Dolphins, Sociobiology, Habitat Use, Feeding Morphology and more Over 260 articles on the individual species with topics ranging from anatomy and behavior, to conservation, exploitation and the impact of global climate change on marine mammals New color illustrations show every species and document topical articles FROM THE FIRST EDITION “This book is so good...a bargain, full of riches...packed with fascinating up to date information. I recommend it unreservedly it to individuals, students, and researchers, as well as libraries." --Richard M. Laws, MARINE MAMMALS SCIENCE "...establishes a solid and satisfying foundation for current study and future exploration" --Ronald J. Shusterman, SCIENCE

Author : Terrie M. Williams,Randall William Davis
Publisher : [Fairbanks, AK] : University of Alaska Press
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Marine mammals
ISBN : UCSD:31822023837370

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Emergency Care and Rehabilitation of Oiled Sea Otters by Terrie M. Williams,Randall William Davis Pdf

This book was written by twenty-nine professionals with the often unwilling cooperation of 357 Alaskan sea otters -- the most photogenic and probably the most vulnerable of the mammalian victims of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill.It is divided into three sections covering a broad range of concerns, from how best to capture a sea otter, through tests and suggested treatments, to considerations governing release of rehabilitated animals. Experts also discuss facility design, volunteer training, and personnel safety issues.Although its contents are useful for a variety of people from policymakers to veterinarians, Emergency Care and Rehabilitation of Oiled Sea Otters aims chiefly at helping rehabilitators, representatives of the oil industry, and government agents conduct successful rehabilitation efforts. The book contains the best available information on the subject; nothing else even comes close.

Author : John L. Gittleman
Publisher : Cornell University Press
Page : 639 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2019-05-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781501745812

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Carnivore Behavior, Ecology, and Evolution by John L. Gittleman Pdf

The mammalian order Carnivora is characterized by an incredible range of morphological, ecological, and behavioral variation. Carnivores can be as small as the 100-gram least weasel or as large as the 800-kilogram polar bear. Their reproductive rate can vary from one offspring every five years, as with some black bears, to three litters a year, as with the dwarf mongoose. Group sizes can be traced along a wide continuum, from the solitary ermine to the monogamous golden jackal to the large extended packs of as many as 80 spotted hyenas. Until recently the general habits of most wild carnivore species were inadequately understood. In the last decade, however, improved technologies, including the use of radiotelemetry and night-vision scopes, have led to many important discoveries. This book is at once a critical summary and an evaluation of current research on carnivores. A worthy successor to R.F. Ewer's monumental volume, The Carnivores (Cornell University Press), it is the work of 30 leading carnivore biologists, who here assemble comparative data on the basic anatomical, behavioral, ecological, physiological, reproductive, and evolutionary characteristics of this group. After a general introduction to the Carnivora, the volume is divided in three parts, each of which begins with a brief introduction outlining its main themes. Part I, Behavior, covers acoustic and olfactory communication, behavioral development, behavioral ecology of canids and hyaenids, modes of solitary living, and group living. In Part II, Ecology, topics include feeding ecology of the giant panda and Asiatic black bear, adatpations for aquatic living, ecological constraints on predation in felids, consequences of small size in mustelids, rate of basal metabolism and food habits, and reproductive output. Part III, Evolution, deals with the morphological approaches to phylogeny, and the fossil record. An appendix presents a complete classification of the Carnivora, including topics of continuing controversy. Highlighting recent developments in the study of the Carnivora and areas for further research, this broad synthesis will be of great value of students and researchers in animal behavior, behavioral ecology, wildlife ecology, mammalogy, paleontology, systematics, and evolution theory. It will also encourage realistic conservation programs to manage rapidly diminishing populations and will elucidate particular features of the carnivores for nonspecialist readers.

Author : Michael Castellini,Jo-Ann Mellish
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781000873108

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Physiology of Marine Mammals by Michael Castellini,Jo-Ann Mellish Pdf

Suppose you were designing a marine mammal. What would they need to live in the ocean? How would you keep them warm? What design features would allow them to dive for very long periods to extreme depths? Do they need water to drink? How would they minimize the cost of swimming, and how would they find their prey in the deep and dark? These questions and more are examined in detail throughout Marine Mammal Physiology, which explores how marine mammals live in the sea from a physiological point of view. This undergraduate textbook considers the essential aspects of what makes a marine mammal different from terrestrial mammals, beyond just their environment. It focuses on the physiological and biochemical traits that have allowed this group of mammals to effectively exploit the marine environment that is so hostile to humans. The content of this book is organised around common student questions, taking the undergraduate's point of view as the starting point. Each chapter provides a set of PowerPoint slides for instructors to use in teaching and students to use as study guides. New "Study Questions" and "Critical Thinking Points" conclude each chapter, which are each motivated by a "Driving Question" such as "How do mammals stay warm in a cold ocean?" or "How do mammals survive the crushing pressures of the deep sea?" Full-colour images and comprehensive, accessible content make this the definitive textbook for marine mammal physiology.