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This Council Special Report explores the challenges faced by consumer and supplier alike in Europe and Eurasia. It looks at Russia's rise as an energy power, analyzing its control of supplies and delivery systems and its investments in energy infrastructure across Europe, as well as questions about the potential of its production. The report also examines Europe's difficulties in forging a common policy on energy supply and recommends a two-pronged strategy of integration and diversification. It urges Europe to integrate both internally -- developing a single EU gas market -- and externally -- tying Russia's energy sector to Europe and its more transparent regulations. It also recommends that Europe seek new sources of energy from both non-Russian suppliers and non-fossil fuels.
Energy Security and Cooperation in Eurasia by Ekaterina Svyatets Pdf
Why are bilateral relations, especially in the area of energy security, so different in the cases of U.S.-Russia, U.S.-Azerbaijan, and Russia-Germany energy deals? Why do some states find common ground despite differences, while others, with all the seemingly favourable conditions, are sinking into animosity? Energy Security and Cooperation in Eurasia explores varying outcomes of energy cooperation, defined as diplomatic relations, bilateral trade, and investment in oil and natural gas. The book looks at economic potential, geopolitical rivalry, and domestic interest groups in the cases of U.S.-Russia, U.S.-Azerbaijan, and Russia-Germany energy ties. It looks at major projects in each case (Sakhalin and Arctic oil and gas production, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and Nord Stream pipelines) and activities of international oil companies. The book also provides a detailed analysis of the situation in Ukraine since 2014 and Russia’s annexation of Crimea, and their effect on European energy security. This book utilizes an innovative approach of exploring the dyads of states (bilateral relations) along the economic, geopolitical, and domestic lobbying dimensions. This book is a valuable resource for graduate and undergraduate students, academics and researchers in the areas of Security, Political Economy, Comparative Politics, post-Soviet studies, as well as for general public.
Author : Mike M. Mochizuki,Deepa M. Ollapally Publisher : Taylor & Francis Page : 200 pages File Size : 46,5 Mb Release : 2016-12-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9781317194590
Energy Security in Asia and Eurasia by Mike M. Mochizuki,Deepa M. Ollapally Pdf
Many states appear to have strong sentiment on energy security and energy transit vulnerability. Some analysts see the rapidly increasing demand for energy and competition for energy resources leading to nationalistic energy policies. Others argue that global trends with efficient energy markets and growing options on renewables suggest more relaxed energy outlooks. This book focuses on Asia, where global demand for energy is now concentrated in the aspiring and rising powers of the region: China, India, Japan and South Korea, and also recognises the importance of Russia as a growing energy supplier. Contributions by experts in the field provide detailed and parallel case studies. Shedding light on the ongoing debate in the literature regarding energy outlooks of major Asian states, they analyse whether energy policies are expected to evolve along market oriented cooperative lines or more competitive and even destructive mercantile, nationalist lines. The book argues that states are not unitary actors even in the key energy security arena and there are competing and contrasting viewpoints in Asian states on energy security. It suggests that domestic debates structure thinking on energy security, making energy policy more contingent than assumed by purely market or geopolitical logics. Providing a strong contribution to comparative energy security studies, the book fills an important gap in the literature on energy and national security and offers a basis for conducting further inter-state, interactive analysis. It will be of interest to researchers on Asian Studies, energy politics and international relations.
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe and Eurasia Publisher : Unknown Page : 84 pages File Size : 54,5 Mb Release : 2011 Category : Energy industries ISBN : UCSD:31822038348181
Beyond the EU Regulatory State by Andrea Prontera Pdf
This book closes an important gap in the literature and offers a fresh perspective on EU energy studies, and it will be an important contribution to the debate on the development of European integration and the EU's role in international relations.
The cut in supplies of natural gas, partly due to a dispute over prices between Russia and Ukraine, left millions of Europeans without heating, and forced factories to close in early 2009. Not only did the crisis demonstrate the challenges of managing US and European relations with Russia, it also highlighted how difficult it is for America's European allies to give up their main energy supplier whose readiness and capacity to provide sufficient gas over the long term remain in doubt. This study explores the challenges faced by both consumers and suppliers in Europe and Eurasia. It charts the rise of Russia as a major energy power and analyzes its control over supplies and transportation systems, its investments in energy infrastructure across Europe, and various questions concerning its production potential. The study also examines the difficulties faced by Europe in developing a joint policy of energy supply. It recommends a dual strategy based on integration and diversification. The study urges Europe to integrate internally by developing a single market for gas, and externally by linking the Russian energy sector to Europe and its more transparent legislation. It also recommends that Europe look for new sources of energy from all non-Russian suppliers and for non-fossil fuels. It indicates the need for a coherent European energy policy and stresses that the ongoing financial crisis provides a unique opportunity to address the issue. At the same time, it recognizes that Europe can enhance its security with respect to energy by working with Russia, rather than against it. - ECSSR.
Russian Energy Security and Foreign Policy by Adrian Dellecker,Thomas Gomart Pdf
This book provides an original and thoroughly academic analysis of the link between Russian energy and foreign policies in Eurasia, as well as offering an interpretation of Russia’s coherence on the international stage, seeking to understand Russia and explain its behaviour. The authors analyse both energy and foreign policies together, in order to better grasp their correlation and gain deeper understanding of broader geopolitical issues in Eurasia at a time when things could go either way—towards producers or towards consumers. Questioning the concept of ‘energy deterrence’ which aims to fuel uncertainty in Russia’s relations with its partners, as well as projecting its overall power on the international scene, this provocative volume seeks to stimulate debate on this very important issue. Assessing the weight that energy has in Russia’s foreign policy and in its pursuit of power on the international stage, this book will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, energy politics, geopolitics and Russian and Central Asian Studies.
Energy Security, Trade and the EU by Rafael Leal-Arcas,Costantino Grasso,Juan Alemany Ríos Pdf
Energy security is a burning issue in a world where 1.4 billion people still have no access to electricity. This book is about finding solutions for energy security through the international trading system. Focusing mainly on the European Union as a case study, this holistic and comprehensive analysis of the existing legal and geopolitical instruments strives to identify the shortcomings of the international and EU energy trade governance systems, concluding with the notion of a European Energy Union and what the EU is politically prepared to accept as part of its unified energy security.
The Transit Dimension of EU Energy Security by Katja Yafimava Pdf
Provides an analysis of how EU transit security is affected by the governance structures of the Eurasian gas network and by asymmetrical power relations between its actors, in particular between Russia and western CIS states (Ukraine, Belarus and Moldova) and their national gas companies, and suggests how transit security threats can be reduced.
Russian Energy Strategy in the European Union, the Former Soviet Union Region, and China by Stylianos A. Sotiriou Pdf
This book places Eurasia in its entirety within a single explanatory framework and examines, for the first time to that extent, Russia as a Eurasian energy power in its affairs with the two main geopolitical players of the region, the EU and China. Part of this geopolitical space is the Former Soviet Union (FSU) region which shares deep historical-political ties with Russia and constitutes the necessary crossing for the latter’s natural gas supplies en route to the EU market.In this way, an energy triangle is established, with Russia at the top angle, the EU in the left angle, China in the right angle and the FSU region the median.Following the scheme, three bipolar relationships emerge, Russia-FSU region, Russia-EU and Russia-China, with each of them representing a different type of bilateral cooperation. In the first case there is an asymmetric relationship with one actor being overly powerful, in terms of energy, to impose its conditions, economic and political, on the other. In the second case there is a symmetric relationship with both actors having equal means of pressure at their disposal. Finally, in the third case there is balanced relationship with both actors trading on an equal basis. Within this framework, one of the dominant theoretical debates in the field of International Relations, that between Neorealism and Neoliberal Institutionalism (the so-called ‘Neo-Neo’ debate) seeks to shed light on the governing rationale beyond Putin’s Russia foreign energy policy vis-à-vis the FSU region, the EU and China.
Energy Supplies in Eurasia and Implications for U.S. Energy Security by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion Pdf
India’s Energy Diplomacy in Eurasia by Aslam Khan,Sandeep Singh,Bawa Singh,Amandeep Kaur Pdf
This book provides an accurate evaluation of re-integration of Eurasia in the context of India’s energy security and diplomacy which requires a normative shift as in the current Eurasian geopolitical and geo-economic matrix, the growing role of transit countries and their proximity with the Energy Complex Zone negates the fact that great powers or strong states control the Eurasian Heartland. Authors believe that wrecking this norm is fundamental here to deconstruct the undercurrents of energy geopolitics prevailing in Eurasia over the emerging phenomenon, as it discourages the re-integration of the Eurasian region. It explores how the geopolitical struggle between major powers for energy resources has been engendering mutual interdependencies between energy producers and transit countries. It makes an attempt to provide a transcontinental study of Eurasian energy and connectivity as a thrust area for the present work positioning Eurasia in Indian foreign policy, determining the contours of energy diplomacy in connection with the Eurasian energy policy. It defines Eurasia broadly as the region that encompasses Central Asia and the Caucasus including Russia and transit countries. It addresses the geopolitical and geo-economic aspects of Eurasian re-integration in the context of India’s energy security. The objective of this book is to combine theoretical, contemporary, and policy-oriented issues that deserve scholarly attention and would both complement and supplement the academic contributions.
The European Neighbourhood Policy. A Geostrategic Tool for European Energy Security? by Josephine Susan Götze Pdf
Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Politics - Topic: German Foreign Policy, grade: 1,3, University of Cologne, course: Aktive Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik: Geopolitik, Geostrategie, Change Management und Völkerrecht als Mittel zur Politikgestaltung, language: English, abstract: The European Union (EU) has an increasing demand for energy, which is the basis for its economy and the prosperity of its citizens. Given the fact that the Union itself does not have the necessary resources at its disposal, it is dependent on other resource exporting countries – especially Russia. To become more independent from those countries, the EU follows a strategy of diversification of energy supplies and market liberalisation. In this context, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), bringing together the EU and 16 of its Eastern and Southern neighbouring states, plays a significant role. But the rapprochement between the EU and its neighbours is problematic regarding relations with Russia, which see its interests in its traditional zone of influence threatened. Given the high dependence of European (and ENP) states on Russian gas, Russia was traditionally able to use energy deliveries (or rather their non-delivery) as a geostrategic tool to push through its interests. With the ENP, which enables the coordination of deliveries and pipeline projects with energy transit countries, the EU has developed a geostrategic tool to potentially reduce the Russian influence on deliveries. Against the background of relations between the EU and Russia being characterised by non-static mutual interdependence, (geopolitical) strategies can be used to change the power relations between states in favour of one actor or another. In this context, the aim of this paper is first, to elaborate on the geostrategic functioning of the ENP and second, to evaluate the value of the ENP for European Energy Security focusing on the Eastern Partnership and the resulting changes in the energy relations between the EU, its neighbours and Russia, to finally be able to give an answer to the question "To what extent does the ENP serve the EU as a geostrategic instrument to improve its energy security?". In the analysis, the European as well as the Russian standpoint will be considered to be able to reveal strengths and weaknesses of the ENP-strategy.
Understanding Energy Security in Central and Eastern Europe by Wojciech Ostrowski,Eamonn Butler Pdf
The purpose of this book is to move beyond the approach which views energy as a purely geopolitical tool of the Russian state and assumes a 'one size fits all' approach to energy security in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It argues that in order to fully understand Russian involvement in the regional energy complex, the CEE-Russian energy relationship should be analysed in the context of the political and economic transitions that Russia and the CEE states underwent. The chapters on individual countries in the book demonstrate that, although Russia has and will continue to play a substantial role in the CEE energy sector, the scope of its possible influence has been overstated.
