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Author : Anonim
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Consumer goods
ISBN : 9289306009
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Consumer goods
ISBN : 9289307331
Author : Lien, Tormod
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 216 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2019-12-03
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9789289364287
This is an account of the Swan label’s first thirty years, written in chronological order with short chapters each illustrating various aspects of the scheme. There are few areas of public life in which there have been so many vague pronouncements as for environmental protection. Perhaps that’s because it’s so easy to agree on the goals, but sohard to find the right solutions and practise what you preach. Here at the Nordic Swan, we’ve done things properly from dayone by setting concrete, measurable environmental performance requirements and turning the environment into a competitive advantage. There have been many conflicts and disagreements, but no one can deny that ecolabelling has led to significant environmental improvements. The Nordic region with its 30 million people is the world’s twelfthlargest economy, and this makes a difference when businesses plan product changes and marketing campaigns. The label is a success far beyond the borders of the Nordic region.
Author : Salo, Hanna,Suikkanen, Johanna,Nissinen, Ari
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 83 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2019-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289362573
The Organisation Environmental Footprint (OEF) initiative of the European Commission and the Nordic Swan Ecolabel both aim at more sustainable consumption and production. We compared the two schemes in relation to their environmental information concerning the retail sector. The Swan aims to push stores to perform better and to help customers make environmental choices, whereas the OEF aims to create a common Life Cycle Assessment based methodology to assess impacts related to a retailer’s product portfolio. Overall, the OEF is considered a broader approach still under development, while the Swan is well-known in the Nordics. Their scopes, relevant impact categories and life cycle stages differed. However, climate change, resource use and biodiversity impacts were significant in both schemes. Possible synergies concern criteria setting, measurement and communication.
Author : Suikkanen, Johanna,Nissinen, Ari,Wesnæs, Marianne
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-09-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789289362603
The purpose of this report is to compare the Nordic Swan Ecolabel and the Product Environmental Footprint with a focus on environmental information. The report compares the methods used by the Nordic Swan Ecolabel and the PEF to identify the product-group-specific relevant environmental aspects. The analysis is based on the currently valid Swan Criteria and pilot phase final PEF Category Rules (PEFCRs). The report concludes that there are methodological differences in the way product comparisons are made. The report proposes recommendations for both schemes in terms of co-operation and required further work, related to the differences in methodological approaches, to avoid very different results in what will be considered as an environmentally sound product.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 171 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Eco-labeling
ISBN : 9789289316804
This report presents the third evaluation of the Nordic Swan ecolabelling scheme. The evaluation is conducted from the perspective of the public administration, and it examines the role of the Nordic Swan in a policy context. Recommendations are presented for authorities in the Nordic countries and for the bodies operating the schemes on a Nordic and national level. The evaluation focuses on current opportunities and challenges in the operating environment of the scheme. It examines the relations between the Nordic Swan and the EU Eco-label in the Nordic countries, including their governance procedures, popularity and reception in the market. Other current topics addressed include the progress achieved by the Nordic marketing strategy for the Swan and some current governance issues in the scheme, including the grounds for public funding for the Nordic Swan. The report also analyses the relations between the Swan and other environmental information systems. In particular, the report investigates the opportunities and challenges ensuing from the current attention to climate issues for the Nordic Swan.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Consumer goods
ISBN : STANFORD:36105020454141
Author : Frieder Rubik,Paolo Frankl
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2017-09-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351280792
Eco-labelling is one of the key tools used by policy-makers in many parts of the world to encourage more sustainable production and consumption. By providing environmental information on products and services, eco-labels address both business users and consumers and range from mandatory approaches, such as required product declarations, to voluntary approaches, such as national eco-labels. Eco-labels can play an important role in environmental policy. They reward and promote environmentally superior goods and services and offer information on quality and performance with respect to issues such as health and energy consumption. Eco-labels fit well into a multi-stakeholder policy framework – as promulgated recently by the EU's integrated product policy (IPP) – since the development of criteria for labels and the acceptance in the market requires the involvement of a wide range of different parties, from government and business, to consumers and environmental organisations. However, many eco-labelling schemes have had troubled histories, and questions have been raised about their effectiveness. So, are eco-labels an effective tool to foster the development, production, sale and use of products and to provide consumers with good information about the environmental impacts of those products? Is eco-labelling useful to business as a marketing tool? What factors contribute to the development of successful schemes? More than ten years after its establishment, can the EU Flower be considered a success? Are national eco-labels such as the German Blue Angel and the Norwegian White Swan more effective? Should eco-labels be harmonised? Are eco-labels achieving their original aim of fostering sustainable production and consumption? For which product groups are ISO type I eco-labels appropriate and inappropriate? Are other labels, such as mandatory, ISO type II and ISO type III labels more effective in some cases? Are eco-labels focusing on the main environmental policy targets or just on "low-hanging fruit"? Are eco-labels really linked to other tools of IPP? The Future of Eco-labelling provides answers to all of these questions. Based on a major EU research exercise, the book plots a course for policy-makers to address some of the historic problems with eco-labelling, to learn what works and what doesn't and to move forward with schemes that can make a real difference to sustainable production and consumption.The book analyses the conditions under which eco-labelling schemes-both mandatory and voluntary-are or can become an efficient and effective tool to achieve given objectives; assesses previous experiences with eco-labels in different European countries and the relationship of these schemes with business strategies, IPP and market conditions; defines strategies aimed at linking eco-labels with other IPP measures; explores how eco-labels can be used to encourage sustainable consumption patterns, create green markets, foster innovation and development of green products and services, and implement multi-stakeholder initiatives; and sets out detailed recommendations for the future of eco-labelling.The book will be required reading for policy-makers, businesses involved with eco-labelling schemes and researchers interested in the development of sustainable production and consumption and IPP worldwide.
Author : Åke Thidell,Charlotte Leire,Thomas Lindhqvist
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789289340717
The Nordic Swan is a voluntary environmental and consumer policy instrument that was launched in the Nordic countries in 1989. This study has its origin in the discussions on the making of the “Vision 2015” for the Nordic Swan as well as in a growing need to find structured methods to account for what the ecolabel does. The study has the overall purpose to highlight the experiences of using indicators for reporting, which actors that should be targeted and their need of information, and also to propose a set of indicators applicable specifically for the Nordic Swan. It is proposed in the report that the Nordic Swan scheme prioritizes developing indicators to track changes in internal performance and efficiency. The project was financed by the Nordic Council of Environmental Ministers´ (NCM) working group for sustainable consumption and production (HKP-gruppen).
Author : Bjørn Bauer,Rikke Fischer-Bogason
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 169 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2011
Category : Eco-labeling
ISBN : 9789289322393
Rapporten præsenterer et studie af brugen af frivillige aftaler og forekomsten af miljømærker i de nordiske lande, inklusiv brugen af instrumenterne i et policy mix med andre policy værktøjer. Grundlaget for rapporten er fem landestudier, der hver især kortlægger brugen af de nævnte policy værktøjer i de fem nordiske lande og præsenterer identificerede evalueringer af konkrete frivillige aftaler og miljømærkeordninger. Fra evalueringerne uddrages konklusioner om omkostningseffektivitet samt gode og dårlige eksempler på anvendelse af frivillige aftaler og miljømærkeordninger i kombination med andre styringsmidler. Det primære formål er at udvikle anbefalinger, der kan understøtte og give input til justeringer af strategier for den fremtidige anvendelse af frivillige aftaler og miljømærker i de nordiske landes miljøregulering. Rapporten er udført af Plan Miljø og finansieret af Nordisk Ministerråd.
Author : Klaus Günter Grunert,John Thøgersen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 370 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2005-12-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780387250045
The role of the consumer has changed from seeking the most satisfaction from goods and services to reconciling consumption with active citizenship, which links consumption to modern social issues such as environmental protection, sound business ethics, and fair working conditions. Understanding consumers -- the way they buy products, the way they relate to questions of environmental importance, and the way they participate in public policy formulation processes –is of vital importance to modern society. In this book, eminent researchers examine contemporary issues related to the field of consumers, policy, and the environment.
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on the Human Dimensions of Global Change
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 369 pages
File Size : 46,9 Mb
Release : 2002-07-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309084222
Many people believe that environmental regulation has passed a point of diminishing returns: the quick fixes have been achieved and the main sources of pollution are shifting from large "point sources" to more diffuse sources that are more difficult and expensive to regulate. The political climate has also changed in the United States since the 1970s in ways that provide impetus to seek alternatives to regulation. This book examines the potential of some of these "new tools" that emphasize education, information, and voluntary measures. Contributors summarize what we know about the effectiveness of these tools, both individually and in combination with regulatory and economic policy instruments. They also extract practical lessons from this knowledge and consider what is needed to make these tools more effective. The book will be of interest to environmental policy practitioners and to researchers and students concerned with applying social and behavioral sciences knowledge to improve environmental quality.
Author : Nordisk Ministerråd
Publisher : Nordic Council of Ministers
Page : 86 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Consumer behavior
ISBN : 9789289310505
Product-related environmental information is an important policy instrument for a shift towards more sustainable consumption patterns, and such information helps consumers choose environmentally improved products. While ecolabeling has had a particularly strong breakthrough in Nordic markets, a number of other communication modes, such as environmental product declarations and producers' self-declared claims have been applied in both the consumer and business-to-business markets. This report comprises a summary of recent research on how Nordic consumers perceive, understand, and use product-related environmental information. A comprehensive literature review supplemented with expert interviews forms the foundation for this work. The report highlights well-researched areas and proposes areas where deeper knowledge and understanding is required. The research was conducted cooperatively between the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at Lund University in Sweden; the National Consumer Research Centre in Finland; and Environice in Iceland with the purpose to obtain and present a comprehensive picture of the situation in the Nordic countries.
Author : Leslie King,Deborah McCarthy Auriffeille
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2019-02-18
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781538116791
Environmental Sociology: From Analysis to Action is designed to pique students’ interest in environmental issues and to illustrate how sociological perspectives can help us better understand the causes, consequences, and possible solutions to environmental problems.
Author : Malcolm McIntosh
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 407 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781351284189
In the first decades of the twenty-first century, the theory and practice of corporate citizenship and responsibility adapted significantly. The pieces in this volume capture the essence of these changes, with illuminating reflections by their preeminent authors on success, failure, learning and progress. Featuring contributions from John Ruggie, Peter Senge, R. Edward Freeman, Jan Aart Scholte and Georg Kell, it charts the rise of corporate citizenship, sustainability and corporate social responsibility. This title is one of a two-volume set: a collection of seminal and thought-provoking essays, drawn from the Journal of Corporate Citizenship’s archive, accompanied by new analysis and reflection from the original authors. Written by some of the most widely recognized academic and business pioneers and leaders of the corporate responsibility and global sustainability movement, the volumes make essential reference texts for anyone interested in the radically awakening new global political economy. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship was launched in 2001 by Founding Editor Malcolm McIntosh and Greenleaf Publishing. Today, it continues to fulfil its mission to integrate theory and practice and provide a home for enlightened transdisciplinary thinking on the role of business and organizations in society.