Evapotranspiration In The Soil Plant Atmosphere System

Author : Viliam Novak
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2012-06-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789400738409

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Evapotranspiration in the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere System by Viliam Novak Pdf

Evapotranspiration and its components (evaporation and transpiration) as a process is one of the basic terms of Earth's water balance; its importance is accented by the fact that transpiration is the vital element of the biomass production process. The second important property of evapotranspiration is its extreme consumption of solar energy, thus controlling the temperature of the atmosphere and creating favourable conditions for life. Evapotranspiration as an energy consuming process is also the connection between the energy and mass cycles of the Earth. Evapotranspiration is a process performing in the Soil–Plant –Atmosphere System (SPAS); therefore this book is presenting and quantifying it as a catenary process, describing transport of water in the soil, including root extraction patterns and methods of its evaluation. Transport of water through the plant and from the canopy to the atmosphere is also described and quantified. A variety of evapotranspiration (and its components evaporation and transpiration) calculation methods are described, starting from empirical methods up to the most sophisticated ones based on the solution of the transport equations of water and energy in the SPAS. The most important (and widely used) calculation method - modified Penman–Monteith method is described in details, ready to be used with data in the book only. Water balance method of evapotranspiration estimation as well as sap flow method description can be found in the book as well. The book can be used by hydrologists, biologists, meteorologists and other specialists as well as by ecology students. Key themes: soil hydrology – evapotranspiration – hydropedology– plant physiology – water movement in soils – evaporation – transpiration Dr. Viliam Novák is a water resources scientist at the Institute of Hydrology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava (Slovakia).

Author : Klaus Reichardt,Luís Carlos Timm
Publisher : Springer
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2019-08-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030193225

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Soil, Plant and Atmosphere by Klaus Reichardt,Luís Carlos Timm Pdf

This textbook presents the concepts and processes involved in the soil-plant-atmosphere system as well as its applications in the water cycle in agriculture. Although reaching the frontier of our knowledge in several subjects, each chapter starts at the graduation level and proceeds to the post-doctoral level. Its more complicated subjects, as math and physics, are well explained, even to readers not well acquainted with these tools. Therefore, it helps students read, understand, and developing their thoughts on these subjects. Instructors also find it an easy book with the needed depth to be adopted in courses related to Soil Physics, Agricultural Management, Environmental Protection, Irrigation and Agrometeorology. It serves also as “lexicon” to engineers and lawyers involved in agricultural, environmental cases.

Author : Himanshu Pathak
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 792 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-18
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789819979356

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Climate Change Impacts on Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum by Himanshu Pathak Pdf

Author : Jan Gliński,Józef Horabik,Jerzy Lipiec
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 1075 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2011-06-07
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048135844

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Encyclopedia of Agrophysics by Jan Gliński,Józef Horabik,Jerzy Lipiec Pdf

This Encyclopedia of Agrophysics will provide up-to-date information on the physical properties and processes affecting the quality of the environment and plant production. It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series. In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented. The authors will be renowned specialists in various aspects in agrophysics from a wide variety of countries. Agrophysics is important both for research and practical use not only in agriculture, but also in areas like environmental science, land reclamation, food processing etc. Agrophysics is a relatively new interdisciplinary field closely related to Agrochemistry, Agrobiology, Agroclimatology and Agroecology. Nowadays it has been fully accepted as an agricultural and environmental discipline. As such this Encyclopedia volume will be an indispensable working tool for scientists and practitioners from different disciplines, like agriculture, soil science, geosciences, environmental science, geography, and engineering.

Author : Stephen L. Rawlins
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 1968
Category : Soil moisture
ISBN : CHI:11936557

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Water Transfer from Soil to the Atmosphere as Related to Soil Properties, Plant Characteristics and Weather by Stephen L. Rawlins Pdf

The following advances in technology for measurement of water potential are described: (1) A thermocouple for direct attachment to plant leaves; (2) A microchamber for studying plant responses to environment is described. Light intensity and duration, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration are controlled. Transpiration, CO2 assimilation, and plant and soil water potential are measured. Data for the ratio of transpiration to CO2 assimilation for cotton are given. Moderate salinity increased this ratio. Description of a contact closure distributor to make a data acquisition system serve as a control device as well as a recorder is given. Also described is a tape editor for handling output data from the system. Preliminary results from experiments to determine how plants integrate time varying salinity indicate that transpiration per unit leaf area is decreased by salinity. (Author).

Author : Harald Braden
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 117 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Atmospheric circulation
ISBN : 3881483136

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The Model AMBETI by Harald Braden Pdf

Author : Russell Monson,Dennis Baldocchi
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 511 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2014-03-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107729582

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Terrestrial Biosphere-Atmosphere Fluxes by Russell Monson,Dennis Baldocchi Pdf

Fluxes of trace gases, water and energy - the 'breathing of the biosphere' - are controlled by a large number of interacting physical, chemical, biological and ecological processes. In this interdisciplinary book, the authors provide the tools to understand and quantitatively analyse fluxes of energy, organic compounds such as terpenes, and trace gases including carbon dioxide, water vapour and methane. It first introduces the fundamental principles affecting the supply and demand for trace gas exchange at the leaf and soil scales: thermodynamics, diffusion, turbulence and physiology. It then builds on these principles to model the exchange of water, carbon dioxide, terpenes and stable isotopes at the ecosystem scale. Detailed mathematical derivations of commonly used relations in biosphere-atmosphere interactions are provided for reference in appendices. An accessible introduction for graduate students and a key resource for researchers in related fields, such as atmospheric science, hydrology, meteorology, climate science, biogeochemistry and ecosystem ecology.

Author : Christian Lévêque,Jean-Claude Mounolou
Publisher : John Wiley and Sons
Page : 298 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2007-12-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780470340103

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Biodiversity by Christian Lévêque,Jean-Claude Mounolou Pdf

The title provides an overview of the current knowledge about the diversity of the living world and the various problems associated with its conservation and sustainable use. Covering both the fundamentals of the subject, along with the latest research, Biodiversity presents key conservation issues within a framework of global case studies. Starting with a summary of the concept of biodiversity, the text then explores such subjects as species richness, ecological systems, the consequences of human activities, diversity and human health, genetic resources, biotechnology and conservation. Comprehensive introduction to key issues surrounding the study of biodiversity. Extensive bibliography and references to numerous relevant websites. Introduces current research in the field within a framework of useful case studies.

Author : M.B. Kirkham
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 599 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-04-21
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780124200784

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Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations by M.B. Kirkham Pdf

Principles of Soil and Plant Water Relations, 2e describes the principles of water relations within soils, followed by the uptake of water and its subsequent movement throughout and from the plant body. This is presented as a progressive series of physical and biological interrelations, even though each topic is treated in detail on its own. The book also describes equipment used to measure water in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. At the end of each chapter is a biography of a scientist whose principles are discussed in the chapter. In addition to new information on the concept of celestial time, this new edition also includes new chapters on methods to determine sap flow in plants dual-probe heat-pulse technique to monitor water in the root zone. Provides the necessary understanding to address advancing problems in water availability for meeting ecological requirements at local, regional and global scales Covers plant anatomy: an essential component to understanding soil and plant water relations

Author : Arnold F. Moene,Jos C. van Dam
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 449 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-01-31
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781107649774

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Transport in the Atmosphere-Vegetation-Soil Continuum by Arnold F. Moene,Jos C. van Dam Pdf

Traditionally, soil science, atmospheric science, hydrology, plant science and agriculture have been studied largely as separate subjects. These systems are clearly interlinked, however, and in recent years a great deal of interdisciplinary research has been undertaken to better understand the interactions. This textbook was developed from a course that the authors have been teaching for many years on atmosphere-vegetation-soil interactions at one of the leading international research institutes in environmental science and agriculture. The book describes the atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum from the perspective of several interrelated disciplines, integrated into one textbook. The text is interspersed with many student exercises and problems, with solutions included. It will be ideal for intermediate to advanced students in meteorology, hydrology, soil science, environmental sciences and biology who are studying the atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum, as well as researchers and professionals interested in the observation and modelling of atmosphere-vegetation-soil interactions.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 102 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 1966
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:227440169

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Water Transfer from Soil to the Atmosphere as Related to Soil Properties, Plant Characteristics and Weather by Anonim Pdf

A laboratory technique is described for independent measurement of the total soil water potential and its components, based on the principles of the soil psychrometer and the porous plate apparatus. Only a negligible quantity of soil water is displaced. Such data are used to study interactions of the water potential New plant growth chambers are being built at Riverside to study the transport of water from the soil to the atmosphere through plants. The sunlit plastic-enclosed chambers have provisions for control of temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, light intensity, and air velocity. Each chamber will be 20 feet high, with nearly 10 feet below the soil surface level to accommodate deep soil columns. A pepper plant was grown through three irrigation cycles in a soil column 130 cm deep; soil water potential was measured with tensiometers and a thermocouple psychrometer; plant water potential was inferred from a calibrated beta gauge; transpiration was measured by weighing the soil-plant system. Water movement in the transpiration stream was in the direction of the water potential gradient. Regardless of the distribution of water in the soil, transpiration was unaffected by declining soil water until it reached a level corresponding to about -8 bars soil water potential. Beyond this, transpiration decreased linearly with soil water content to a soil water potential of -37 bars, at which time the plant water potential was below -50 bars and transpiration was essentially zero. After irrigation, the plant regained full turgor. (Author).

Author : Tariq Aftab,Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 558 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-30
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780323885881

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Plant Perspectives to Global Climate Changes by Tariq Aftab,Aryadeep Roychoudhury Pdf

Plant Perspectives to Global Climate Changes: Developing Climate-Resilient Plants reviews and integrates currently available information on the impact of the environment on functional and adaptive features of plants from the molecular, biochemical and physiological perspectives to the whole plant level. The book also provides a direction towards implementation of programs and practices that will enable sustainable production of crops resilient to climatic alterations. This book will be beneficial to academics and researchers working on stress physiology, stress proteins, genomics, proteomics, genetic engineering, and other fields of plant physiology. Advancing ecophysiological understanding and approaches to enhance plant responses to new environmental conditions is critical to developing meaningful high-throughput phenotyping tools and maintaining humankind’s supply of goods and services as global climate change intensifies. Illustrates the central role for plant ecophysiology in applying basic research to address current and future challenges for humans Brings together global leaders working in the area of plant-environment interactions and shares research findings Presents current scenarios and future plans of action for the management of stresses through various approaches

Author : Mirza Hasanuzzaman,Masayuki Fujita,Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho,Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira,Fernando Shintate Galindo
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 354 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-17
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781789853179

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Sustainable Crop Production by Mirza Hasanuzzaman,Masayuki Fujita,Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho,Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira,Fernando Shintate Galindo Pdf

This book includes twenty-one comprehensive chapters addressing various soil and crop management issues, including modern techniques in enhancing crop production in the era of climate change. There are a few case studies and experimental evidence about these production systems in specific locations. Particular focus is provided on the state-of-the-art of biotechnology, nanotechnology, and precision agriculture, as well as many other recent approaches in ensuring sustainable crop production. This book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, teachers, and researchers, particularly in the fields of crop science, soil science, and agronomy.

Author : G.Y. Tsuji,G. Hoogenboom,P.K. Thornton
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 405 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9789401736244

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Understanding Options for Agricultural Production by G.Y. Tsuji,G. Hoogenboom,P.K. Thornton Pdf

The first premise of this book is that farmers need access to options for improving their situation. In agricultural terms, these options might be manage ment alternatives or different crops to grow, that can stabilize or increase household income, that reduce soil degradation and dependence on off-farm inputs, or that exploit local market opportunities. Farmers need a facilitating environment, in which affordable credit is available if needed, in which policies are conducive to judicious management of natural resources, and in which costs and prices of production are stable. Another key ingredient of this facilitating environment is information: an understanding of which options are viable, how these operate at the farm level, and what their impact may be on the things that farmers perceive as being important. The second premise is that systems analysis and simulation have an impor tant role to play in fostering this understanding of options, traditional field experimentation being time-consuming and costly. This book summarizes the activities of the International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer (IBSNAT) project, an international initiative funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). IBSNAT was an attempt to demonstrate the effectiveness of understanding options through systems analysis and simulation for the ultimate benefit of farm households in the tropics and subtropics. The idea for the book was first suggested at one of the last IBSNAT group meetings held at the University of Hawaii in 1993.

Author : Salah Er-Raki
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Evapotranspiration
ISBN : 1624171389

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Evapotranspiration by Salah Er-Raki Pdf

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the total amount of water lost by plant transpiration and soil evaporation. Since about 90% of precipitation received in semi-arid and sub-humid climates is lost to the atmosphere through evapotranspiration, accurate estimations of ET are of crucial need for climate studies, weather forecasts, hydrological surveys, ecological monitoring, and water resource management. This book reviews research on new developments in all areas of evapotranspiration application. It examines the evapotranspiration processes under different environmental and climatic conditions as well as the different methods for modeling and measurement of evapotranspiration at both local and regional scales.