Event Based Neuromorphic Systems

Author : Shih-Chii Liu,Tobi Delbruck,Giacomo Indiveri,Adrian Whatley,Rodney Douglas
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 440 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-16
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780470018491

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Event-Based Neuromorphic Systems by Shih-Chii Liu,Tobi Delbruck,Giacomo Indiveri,Adrian Whatley,Rodney Douglas Pdf

Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence. This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems. Key features: Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering. Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles. Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.

Author : André van Schaik,Tobi Delbruck,Jennifer Hasler
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 183 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-05
Category : Computational neuroscience
ISBN : 9782889194544

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Neuromorphic Engineering Systems and Applications by André van Schaik,Tobi Delbruck,Jennifer Hasler Pdf

Neuromorphic engineering has just reached its 25th year as a discipline. In the first two decades neuromorphic engineers focused on building models of sensors, such as silicon cochleas and retinas, and building blocks such as silicon neurons and synapses. These designs have honed our skills in implementing sensors and neural networks in VLSI using analog and mixed mode circuits. Over the last decade the address event representation has been used to interface devices and computers from different designers and even different groups. This facility has been essential for our ability to combine sensors, neural networks, and actuators into neuromorphic systems. More recently, several big projects have emerged to build very large scale neuromorphic systems. The Telluride Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 1994) and the CapoCaccia Cognitive Neuromorphic Engineering Workshop (since 2009) have been instrumental not only in creating a strongly connected research community, but also in introducing different groups to each other’s hardware. Many neuromorphic systems are first created at one of these workshops. With this special research topic, we showcase the state-of-the-art in neuromorphic systems.

Author : Paul R. Prucnal,Bhavin J. Shastri
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 412 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781498725248

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Neuromorphic Photonics by Paul R. Prucnal,Bhavin J. Shastri Pdf

This book sets out to build bridges between the domains of photonic device physics and neural networks, providing a comprehensive overview of the emerging field of "neuromorphic photonics." It includes a thorough discussion of evolution of neuromorphic photonics from the advent of fiber-optic neurons to today’s state-of-the-art integrated laser neurons, which are a current focus of international research. Neuromorphic Photonics explores candidate interconnection architectures and devices for integrated neuromorphic networks, along with key functionality such as learning. It is written at a level accessible to graduate students, while also intending to serve as a comprehensive reference for experts in the field.

Author : Daniel Bernhard Fasnacht
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:964454571

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Experimentation Platforms for Neuromorphic Event-Based Multi-Chip Systems by Daniel Bernhard Fasnacht Pdf

Author : Yiannis Aloimonos
Publisher : Psychology Press
Page : 541 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2013-05-13
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9781134796533

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Visual Navigation by Yiannis Aloimonos Pdf

All biological systems with vision move about their environments and successfully perform many tasks. The same capabilities are needed in the world of robots. To that end, recent results in empirical fields that study insects and primates, as well as in theoretical and applied disciplines that design robots, have uncovered a number of the principles of navigation. To offer a unifying approach to the situation, this book brings together ideas from zoology, psychology, neurobiology, mathematics, geometry, computer science, and engineering. It contains theoretical developments that will be essential in future research on the topic -- especially new representations of space with less complexity than Euclidean representations possess. These representations allow biological and artificial systems to compute from images in order to successfully deal with their environments. In this book, the barriers between different disciplines have been smoothed and the workings of vision systems of biological organisms are made clear in computational terms to computer scientists and engineers. At the same time, fundamental principles arising from computational considerations are made clear both to empirical scientists and engineers. Empiricists can generate a number of hypotheses that they could then study through various experiments. Engineers can gain insight for designing robotic systems that perceive aspects of their environment. For the first time, readers will find: * the insect vision system presented in a way that can be understood by computational scientists working in computer vision and engineering; * three complete, working robotic navigation systems presented with all the issues related to their design analyzed in detail; * the beginning of a computational theory of direct perception, as advocated by Gibson, presented in detail with applications for a variety of problems; and * the idea that vision systems could compute space representations different from perfect metric descriptions -- and be used in robotic tasks -- advanced for both artificial and biological systems.

Author : Shih-Chii Liu
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 466 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0262122553

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Analog VLSI by Shih-Chii Liu Pdf

An introduction to the design of analog VLSI circuits. Neuromorphic engineers work to improve the performance of artificial systems through the development of chips and systems that process information collectively using primarily analog circuits. This book presents the central concepts required for the creative and successful design of analog VLSI circuits. The discussion is weighted toward novel circuits that emulate natural signal processing. Unlike most circuits in commercial or industrial applications, these circuits operate mainly in the subthreshold or weak inversion region. Moreover, their functionality is not limited to linear operations, but also encompasses many interesting nonlinear operations similar to those occurring in natural systems. Topics include device physics, linear and nonlinear circuit forms, translinear circuits, photodetectors, floating-gate devices, noise analysis, and process technology.

Author : Steve Furber,Petruț Bogdan
Publisher : NowOpen
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-15
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1680836528

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SpiNNaker - A Spiking Neural Network Architecture by Steve Furber,Petruț Bogdan Pdf

This books tells the story of the origins of the world's largest neuromorphic computing platform, its development and its deployment, and the immense software development effort that has gone into making it openly available and accessible to researchers and students the world over

Author : Gregor Schöner,John P. Spencer,D. F. T. Research Group
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 421 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9780199300563

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Dynamic Thinking by Gregor Schöner,John P. Spencer,D. F. T. Research Group Pdf

"This book describes a new theoretical approach--Dynamic Field Theory (DFT)--that explains how people think and act"--

Author : Mubarak Shah,Ramesh Jain
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 396 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1997-07-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0792346181

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Motion-Based Recognition by Mubarak Shah,Ramesh Jain Pdf

Motion-based recognition deals with the recognition of an object and/or its motion, based on motion in a series of images. In this approach, a sequence containing a large number of frames is used to extract motion information. The advantage is that a longer sequence leads to recognition of higher level motions, like walking or running, which consist of a complex and coordinated series of events. Unlike much previous research in motion, this approach does not require explicit reconstruction of shape from the images prior to recognition. This book provides the state-of-the-art in this rapidly developing discipline. It consists of a collection of invited chapters by leading researchers in the world covering various aspects of motion-based recognition including lipreading, gesture recognition, facial expression recognition, gait analysis, cyclic motion detection, and activity recognition. Audience: This volume will be of interest to researchers and post- graduate students whose work involves computer vision, robotics and image processing.

Author : Leonard Barolli,Peter Hellinckx,Juggapong Natwichai
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 930 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2019-10-19
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030335090

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Advances on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud and Internet Computing by Leonard Barolli,Peter Hellinckx,Juggapong Natwichai Pdf

This book presents the latest research findings, innovative research results, methods and development techniques related to P2P, grid, cloud and Internet computing from both theoretical and practical perspectives. It also reveals the synergies among such large-scale computing paradigms. P2P, grid, cloud and Internet computing technologies have rapidly become established as breakthrough paradigms for solving complex problems by enabling aggregation and sharing of an increasing variety of distributed computational resources at large scale. Grid computing originated as a paradigm for high-performance computing, as an alternative to expensive supercomputers through different forms of large-scale distributed computing. P2P computing emerged as a new paradigm after client–server and web-based computing and has proved useful in the development of social networking, B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer), B2G (business to government), and B2E (business to employee). Cloud computing has been defined as a “computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing are determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits,” and it has fast become a computing paradigm with applicability and adoption in all application domains and which provides utility computing at a large scale. Lastly, Internet computing is the basis of any large-scale distributed computing paradigms; it has developed into a vast area of flourishing fields with enormous impact on today’s information societies, and serving as a universal platform comprising a large variety of computing forms such as grid, P2P, cloud and mobile computing.

Author : Elishai Ezra Tsur
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 242 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2021-08-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781000421323

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Neuromorphic Engineering by Elishai Ezra Tsur Pdf

The brain is not a glorified digital computer. It does not store information in registers, and it does not mathematically transform mental representations to establish perception or behavior. The brain cannot be downloaded to a computer to provide immortality, nor can it destroy the world by having its emerged consciousness traveling in cyberspace. However, studying the brain's core computation architecture can inspire scientists, computer architects, and algorithm designers to think fundamentally differently about their craft. Neuromorphic engineers have the ultimate goal of realizing machines with some aspects of cognitive intelligence. They aspire to design computing architectures that could surpass existing digital von Neumann-based computing architectures' performance. In that sense, brain research bears the promise of a new computing paradigm. As part of a complete cognitive hardware and software ecosystem, neuromorphic engineering opens new frontiers for neuro-robotics, artificial intelligence, and supercomputing applications. This book will present neuromorphic engineering from three perspectives: the scientist, the computer architect, and the algorithm designer. We will zoom in and out of the different disciplines, allowing readers with diverse backgrounds to understand and appreciate the field. Overall, the book will cover the basics of neuronal modeling, neuromorphic circuits, neural architectures, event-based communication, and the neural engineering framework. Readers will have the opportunity to understand the different views over the inherently multidisciplinary field of neuromorphic engineering.

Author : Carver Mead,Mohammed Ismail
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 250 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461316398

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Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems by Carver Mead,Mohammed Ismail Pdf

This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop on Analog Integrated Neural Systems held May 8, 1989, in connection with the International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. The presentations were chosen to encompass the entire range of topics currently under study in this exciting new discipline. Stringent acceptance requirements were placed on contributions: (1) each description was required to include detailed characterization of a working chip, and (2) each design was not to have been published previously. In several cases, the status of the project was not known until a few weeks before the meeting date. As a result, some of the most recent innovative work in the field was presented. Because this discipline is evolving rapidly, each project is very much a work in progress. Authors were asked to devote considerable attention to the shortcomings of their designs, as well as to the notable successes they achieved. In this way, other workers can now avoid stumbling into the same traps, and evolution can proceed more rapidly (and less painfully). The chapters in this volume are presented in the same order as the corresponding presentations at the workshop. The first two chapters are concerned with fmding solutions to complex optimization problems under a predefmed set of constraints. The first chapter reports what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first neural-chip design. In each case, the physics of the underlying electronic medium is used to represent a cost function in a natural way, using only nearest-neighbor connectivity.

Author : Shigeyuki Takano
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2021-03-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780128182802

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Thinking Machines by Shigeyuki Takano Pdf

Thinking Machines: Machine Learning and Its Hardware Implementation covers the theory and application of machine learning, neuromorphic computing and neural networks. This is the first book that focuses on machine learning accelerators and hardware development for machine learning. It presents not only a summary of the latest trends and examples of machine learning hardware and basic knowledge of machine learning in general, but also the main issues involved in its implementation. Readers will learn what is required for the design of machine learning hardware for neuromorphic computing and/or neural networks. This is a recommended book for those who have basic knowledge of machine learning or those who want to learn more about the current trends of machine learning. Presents a clear understanding of various available machine learning hardware accelerator solutions that can be applied to selected machine learning algorithms Offers key insights into the development of hardware, from algorithms, software, logic circuits, to hardware accelerators Introduces the baseline characteristics of deep neural network models that should be treated by hardware as well Presents readers with a thorough review of past research and products, explaining how to design through ASIC and FPGA approaches for target machine learning models Surveys current trends and models in neuromorphic computing and neural network hardware architectures Outlines the strategy for advanced hardware development through the example of deep learning accelerators

Author : Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2018-06-20
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781789232684

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Bioinformatics in the Era of Post Genomics and Big Data by Ibrokhim Y. Abdurakhmonov Pdf

Bioinformatics has evolved significantly in the era of post genomics and big data. Huge advancements were made toward storing, handling, mining, comparing, extracting, clustering and analysis as well as visualization of big macromolecular data using novel computational approaches, machine and deep learning methods, and web-based server tools. There are extensively ongoing world-wide efforts to build the resources for regional hosting, organized and structured access and improving the pre-existing bioinformatics tools to efficiently and meaningfully analyze day-to-day increasing big data. This book intends to provide the reader with updates and progress on genomic data analysis, data modeling and network-based system tools.

Author : Abderazek Ben Abdallah,Khanh N. Dang
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2022-05-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783030925253

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Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization by Abderazek Ben Abdallah,Khanh N. Dang Pdf

This book focuses on neuromorphic computing principles and organization and how to build fault-tolerant scalable hardware for large and medium scale spiking neural networks with learning capabilities. In addition, the book describes in a comprehensive way the organization and how to design a spike-based neuromorphic system to perform network of spiking neurons communication, computing, and adaptive learning for emerging AI applications. The book begins with an overview of neuromorphic computing systems and explores the fundamental concepts of artificial neural networks. Next, we discuss artificial neurons and how they have evolved in their representation of biological neuronal dynamics. Afterward, we discuss implementing these neural networks in neuron models, storage technologies, inter-neuron communication networks, learning, and various design approaches. Then, comes the fundamental design principle to build an efficient neuromorphic system in hardware. The challenges that need to be solved toward building a spiking neural network architecture with many synapses are discussed. Learning in neuromorphic computing systems and the major emerging memory technologies that promise neuromorphic computing are then given. A particular chapter of this book is dedicated to the circuits and architectures used for communication in neuromorphic systems. In particular, the Network-on-Chip fabric is introduced for receiving and transmitting spikes following the Address Event Representation (AER) protocol and the memory accessing method. In addition, the interconnect design principle is covered to help understand the overall concept of on-chip and off-chip communication. Advanced on-chip interconnect technologies, including si-photonic three-dimensional interconnects and fault-tolerant routing algorithms, are also given. The book also covers the main threats of reliability and discusses several recovery methods for multicore neuromorphic systems. This is important for reliable processing in several embedded neuromorphic applications. A reconfigurable design approach that supports multiple target applications via dynamic reconfigurability, network topology independence, and network expandability is also described in the subsequent chapters. The book ends with a case study about a real hardware-software design of a reliable three-dimensional digital neuromorphic processor geared explicitly toward the 3D-ICs biological brain’s three-dimensional structure. The platform enables high integration density and slight spike delay of spiking networks and features a scalable design. We present methods for fault detection and recovery in a neuromorphic system as well. Neuromorphic Computing Principles and Organization is an excellent resource for researchers, scientists, graduate students, and hardware-software engineers dealing with the ever-increasing demands on fault-tolerance, scalability, and low power consumption. It is also an excellent resource for teaching advanced undergraduate and graduate students about the fundamentals concepts, organization, and actual hardware-software design of reliable neuromorphic systems with learning and fault-tolerance capabilities.