Evolution Composition And Regulation Of Supernumerary B Chromosomes

Author : Andreas Houben,Neil Jones,Cesar Martins,Vladimir Trifonov
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2019-04-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783038977865

Get Book

Evolution, Composition and Regulation of Supernumerary B Chromosomes by Andreas Houben,Neil Jones,Cesar Martins,Vladimir Trifonov Pdf

Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.

Author : Andreas Houben,Neil Jones,Cesar Martins,Vladimir Trifonov
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 254 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2019
Category : Biology (General)
ISBN : 303897787X

Get Book

Evolution, Composition and Regulation of Supernumerary B Chromosomes by Andreas Houben,Neil Jones,Cesar Martins,Vladimir Trifonov Pdf

Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.

Author : Gabriel A. Dover,Richard B. Flavell
Publisher : Academic Press
Page : 410 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1982
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015000787526

Get Book

Genome Evolution by Gabriel A. Dover,Richard B. Flavell Pdf

Author : Andrew G. Clark,Daniel A. Barbash,Sarah E. Lower,Anne-Marie Dion-Côté
Publisher : MDPI
Page : 206 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-05
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783039283668

Get Book

Repetitive DNA Sequences by Andrew G. Clark,Daniel A. Barbash,Sarah E. Lower,Anne-Marie Dion-Côté Pdf

Repetitive DNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and, in many species, comprises the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome, and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNA is often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in their identification, assembly, and quantification. New technologies and methods are now providing the unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNA is of particular interest because it can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNA forms essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, which are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, whereas others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and produce genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. Even these neutral repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.

Author : Hank Bass,James A. Birchler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 346 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2011-12-02
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780387708690

Get Book

Plant Cytogenetics by Hank Bass,James A. Birchler Pdf

This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. Topics covered by international experts include classical cytogenetics of plant genomes; plant chromosome structure; functional, molecular cytology; and genome dynamics. In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. We hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. Hank W. Bass is a Professor in the Department of Biological Science at Florida State University. James A. Birchler is a Professor in the Division of Biological Sciences at the University of Missouri.

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : Sackler Colloquium
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Science
ISBN : UOM:39015073872999

Get Book

In the Light of Evolution by National Academy of Sciences Pdf

The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

Author : Jeff L. Bennetzen,Sarah C. Hake
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2010-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 1441926690

Get Book

Handbook of Maize by Jeff L. Bennetzen,Sarah C. Hake Pdf

Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.

Author : P.K. Gupta,T. Tsuchiya
Publisher : Newnes
Page : 656 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1991-05-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780080933993

Get Book

Chromosome Engineering in Plants by P.K. Gupta,T. Tsuchiya Pdf

This two-volume work surveys the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research on plants. This first volume is divided into two sections. Section A consists of 11 chapters covering the entire range of general aspects of chromosome research in plants (including a chapter on genetic engineering in crop improvement). Section B is devoted to cytogenetics of cereals and millets (wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats, maize, rice, pearl millet, and minor millets). More than one chapter is devoted to the same crop to give a detailed treatment of chromosome research (including molecular biology) in these crops. The second volume deals with cytogenetics of plant materials including legumes, vegetable and oil crops, sugar crops, forage crops, fibre crops, medicinal crops and ornamentals. This work will be useful both as a reference work and a teaching aid to satisfy a wide range of workers. Every chapter has been written by an expert who has been involved in chromosome research on a particular plant material for many years.

Author : Johann Greilhuber,Jaroslav Dolezel,Jonathan Wendel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2012-11-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783709111604

Get Book

Plant Genome Diversity Volume 2 by Johann Greilhuber,Jaroslav Dolezel,Jonathan Wendel Pdf

This second of two volumes on Plant Genome Diversity provides, in 20 chapters, insights into the structural evolution of plant genomes with all its variations. Starting with an outline of plant phylogeny and its reconstruction, the second part of the volume describes the architecture and dynamics of the plant cell nucleus, the third examines the evolution and diversity of the karyotype in various lineages, including angiosperms, gymnosperms and monilophytes. The fourth part presents the mechanisms of polyploidization and its biological consequences and significance for land plant evolution. The fifth part deals with genome size evolution and its biological significance. Together with Volume I, this comprehensive book on the plant genome is intended for students and professionals in all fields of plant science, offering as it does a convenient entry into a burgeoning literature in a fast-moving field.

Author : Tariq Ahmad Bhat,Aijaz Ahmad Wani
Publisher : Springer
Page : 367 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2017-02-08
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9788132236733

Get Book

Chromosome Structure and Aberrations by Tariq Ahmad Bhat,Aijaz Ahmad Wani Pdf

This book is a compilation of various chapters contributed by a group of leading researchers from different countries and covering up to date information based on published reports and personal experience of authors in the field of cytogenetics. Beginning with the introduction of chromosome, the subsequent chapters on organization of genetic material, karyotype evolution, structural and numerical variations in chromosomes, B-chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations provide an in-depth knowledge and easy understanding of the subject matter. A special feature of the book is the inclusion of a series of chapters on various types of chromosomal aberrations and their impact on breeding behaviour and crop improvement. The possible mechanism, their consequences and role in genetic analysis has been emphasized in these chapters. A few chapters have also been dedicated on various techniques routinely used in the laboratory by students and researchers. Each chapter ends with an extensive bibliography so that the students and researchers may find it relevant to consult more literature on the subject than a book of this size can offer. The book is intended to fulfill the needs of undergraduate and post graduate students of botany, zoology and agriculture besides, teachers and researchers engaged in the field of genetics, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics. In general the readers will find each chapter of the book informative and easy to understand.

Author : M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace,Nils Stein
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2021-10-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030833831

Get Book

The Rye Genome by M. Timothy Rabanus-Wallace,Nils Stein Pdf

This book celebrates the dawn of the rye genomics era with concise, comprehensive, and accessible reviews on the current state of rye genomic research, written by experts in the field for students, researchers and growers. To most, rye is the key ingredient in a flavoursome bread or their favourite American whisky. To a farmer, rye is the remarkable grain that tolerates the harshest winters and the most unforgiving soils, befitting its legacy as the life-giving seed that fed the ancient civilisations of northern Eurasia. Since the mid-1900s, scientists have employed genetic approaches to better understand and utilize rye, but only since the technological advances of the mid-2010s has the possibility of addressing questions using rye genome assemblies become a reality. Alongside the secret of its unique survival abilities, rye genomics has accelerated research on a host of intriguing topics such as the complex history of rye’s domestication by humans, the nature of genes that switch fertility on and off, the function and origin of accessory chromosomes, and the evolution of selfish DNA.

Author : R.J. MKinlay Gardner,Grant R Sutherland,Lisa G. Shaffer
Publisher : OUP USA
Page : 650 pages
File Size : 44,5 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780195375336

Get Book

Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling by R.J. MKinlay Gardner,Grant R Sutherland,Lisa G. Shaffer Pdf

Advances in cytogenetics continue to crop up in wonderful ways, and we know exponentially more about chromosomes now than mere decades ago. Likewise, the necessary skills in offering genetic counseling continue to evolve. This new edition of Chromosome Abnormalities in Genetic Counseling offers a practical, up-to-date guide for the genetic counselor to marshal cytogenetic data and analysis clearly and effectively to families.

Author : Juan Pedro M. Camacho
Publisher : S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Medical
ISBN : STANFORD:36105114161552

Get Book

B Chromosomes in the Eukaryote Genome by Juan Pedro M. Camacho Pdf

B chromosomes are additional passengers found in the karyotypes of about 15% of eukaryote species. They are best understood as genome parasites exploiting the host genome because of their transmissional advantage, and are frequently deleterious for the organism carrying them. Since the last compilation of B chromosome literature more than 20 years ago, many new findings have contributed to building an increasing body of knowledge of these mysterious genetic elements. This single topic issue of Cytogenetic and Genome Research updates these new data in its 40 papers authored by researchers from 19 countries. It provides up-to-date reviews on plants, fish, amphibians and mammals and, for the first time, on Sternorrhyncha hemipterans, decapodan crustaceans, helminth parasites and lizards. It also presents new original data on many aspects of B chromosomes including their definition, new occurrences, frequency, structure, composition, origin, effects on the host genome, transmission and population dynamics. Unique in its field, this publication is recommended reading for cytogeneticists interested in chromosome polymorphisms, for evolutionary biologists interested in selfish genetic elements, and for geneticists interested in the intragenomic conflict.

Author : Andrea Boggio,Cesare P. R. Romano,Jessica Almqvist
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 681 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2020-01-09
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781108499873

Get Book

Human Germline Modification and the Right to Science by Andrea Boggio,Cesare P. R. Romano,Jessica Almqvist Pdf

A survey of the regulation of human germline genome modification in eighteen countries and the emerging international standards.

Author : Sam Thiagalingam
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-04-09
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780521493390

Get Book

Systems Biology of Cancer by Sam Thiagalingam Pdf

An overview of the current systems biology-based knowledge and the experimental approaches for deciphering the biological basis of cancer.