Evolutionary Debunking Arguments

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Evolutionary Debunking Arguments

Diego E. Machuca
Evolutionary Debunking Arguments Book PDF

Author : Diego E. Machuca
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2023
Category : Ethics
ISBN : 1032334231

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Evolutionary Debunking Arguments by Diego E. Machuca Pdf

"Recent years have seen an explosion of interest in evolutionary debunking arguments directed against certain types of belief, particularly moral and religious beliefs. According to those arguments, the evolutionary origins of the cognitive mechanisms that produce the targeted beliefs render these beliefs epistemically unjustified. The reason is that natural selection cares for reproduction and survival rather than truth, and false beliefs can in principle be as evolutionarily advantageous as true beliefs. The present volume brings together fourteen essays that examine evolutionary debunking arguments not only in ethics and philosophy of religion, but also in philosophy of mathematics, metaphysics, and epistemology. The essays move forward research on those arguments by shedding fresh light on old problems and proposing new lines of inquiry. The book will appeal to scholars and graduate students interested in the possible skeptical implications of evolutionary theory in any of the above domains"--

Debunking Arguments in Ethics

Hanno Sauer
Debunking Arguments in Ethics Book PDF

Author : Hanno Sauer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2018-07-26
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781108423694

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Debunking Arguments in Ethics by Hanno Sauer Pdf

Offers the first book-length discussion of debunking arguments in ethics and the reliability of moral judgment.

The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Ethics

Michael Ruse,Robert J. Richards
The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Ethics Book PDF

Author : Michael Ruse,Robert J. Richards
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 51,9 Mb
Release : 2017-08-24
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107132955

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The Cambridge Handbook of Evolutionary Ethics by Michael Ruse,Robert J. Richards Pdf

This book introduces readers to the application of evolutionary ideas to moral thinking and justification, presenting contrasting perspectives on controversial issues.

The Evolution of Morality

Richard Joyce
The Evolution of Morality Book PDF

Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 285 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2007-08-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780262263252

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The Evolution of Morality by Richard Joyce Pdf

Moral thinking pervades our practical lives, but where did this way of thinking come from, and what purpose does it serve? Is it to be explained by environmental pressures on our ancestors a million years ago, or is it a cultural invention of more recent origin? In The Evolution of Morality, Richard Joyce takes up these controversial questions, finding that the evidence supports an innate basis to human morality. As a moral philosopher, Joyce is interested in whether any implications follow from this hypothesis. Might the fact that the human brain has been biologically prepared by natural selection to engage in moral judgment serve in some sense to vindicate this way of thinking—staving off the threat of moral skepticism, or even undergirding some version of moral realism? Or if morality has an adaptive explanation in genetic terms—if it is, as Joyce writes, "just something that helped our ancestors make more babies"—might such an explanation actually undermine morality's central role in our lives? He carefully examines both the evolutionary "vindication of morality" and the evolutionary "debunking of morality," considering the skeptical view more seriously than have others who have treated the subject. Interdisciplinary and combining the latest results from the empirical sciences with philosophical discussion, The Evolution of Morality is one of the few books in this area written from the perspective of moral philosophy. Concise and without technical jargon, the arguments are rigorous but accessible to readers from different academic backgrounds. Joyce discusses complex issues in plain language while advocating subtle and sometimes radical views. The Evolution of Morality lays the philosophical foundations for further research into the biological understanding of human morality.

Life and Evolution

Lorenzo Baravalle,Luciana Zaterka
Life and Evolution Book PDF

Author : Lorenzo Baravalle,Luciana Zaterka
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 251 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2020-04-10
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030395896

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Life and Evolution by Lorenzo Baravalle,Luciana Zaterka Pdf

This book offers to the international reader a collection of original articles of some of the most skillful historians and philosophers of biology currently working in Latin American universities. During the last decades, increasing attention has been paid in Latin America to the history and philosophy of biology, but since many local authors prefer to write in Spanish or in Portuguese, their ideas have barely crossed the boundaries of the continent. This volume aims to remedy this state of things, providing a good sample of this production to the English speaking readers, bringing together contributions from researchers working in Brazilian, Argentinean, Chilean, Colombian and Mexican universities. The stress on the regional provenance of the authors is not intended to suggest the existence of something like a Latin American history and philosophy of biology, supposedly endowed with distinctive features. On the contrary, the editors firmly believe that advances in this field can be achieved only by stimulating the integration in the international debate. Based on this assumption, the book focuses on two topics, life and evolution, and presents a selection of contributions addressing issues such as the history of the concept of life, the philosophical reflection on life manipulation and life extension, the structure and development of evolutionary theory as well as human evolution. Life and Evolution – Latin American Essays on the History and Philosophy of Biology will provide the international reader with a rather complete picture of the ongoing research in the history and philosophy of biology in Latin America, offering a snapshot of this dynamic community. It will also contribute to contextualize and develop the debate concerning life and evolution, and the relation between the two phenomena.

Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences

Thomas Pölzler
Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences Book PDF

Author : Thomas Pölzler
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 238 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2018-05-11
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781351383332

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Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences by Thomas Pölzler Pdf

Are there objective moral truths (things that are morally right or wrong independently of what anybody thinks about them)? To answer this question more and more scholars have recently begun to appeal to evidence from scientific disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, biology, and anthropology. This book investigates this novel scientific approach in a comprehensive, empirically focused, partly clarificatory, and partly metatheoretical way. It argues for two main theses. First, it is possible for the empirical sciences to contribute to the moral realism/anti-realism debate. And second, most appeals to science that have so far been proposed are insufficiently empirically substantiated. The book’s main chapters address four prominent science-based arguments for or against the existence of objective moral truths: the presumptive argument, the argument from moral disagreement, the sentimentalist argument, and the evolutionary debunking argument. For each of these arguments Thomas Pölzler first identifies the sense in which its underlying empirical hypothesis would have to be true in order for the argument to work. Then he shows that the available scientific evidence fails to support this hypothesis. Finally, he also makes suggestions as to how to test the hypothesis more validly in future scientific research. Moral Reality and the Empirical Sciences is an important contribution to the moral realism/anti-realism debate that will appeal both to philosophers and scientists interested in moral psychology and metaethics.

Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics

Johan De Smedt,Helen De Cruz
Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics Book PDF

Author : Johan De Smedt,Helen De Cruz
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 223 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2021-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783030688028

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Empirically Engaged Evolutionary Ethics by Johan De Smedt,Helen De Cruz Pdf

A growing body of evidence from the sciences suggests that our moral beliefs have an evolutionary basis. To explain how human morality evolved, some philosophers have called for the study of morality to be naturalized, i.e., to explain it in terms of natural causes by looking at its historical and biological origins. The present literature has focused on the link between evolution and moral realism: if our moral beliefs enhance fitness, does this mean they track moral truths? In spite of the growing empirical evidence, these discussions tend to remain high-level: the mere fact that morality has evolved is often deemed enough to decide questions in normative and meta-ethics. This volume starts from the assumption that the details about the evolution of morality do make a difference, and asks how. It presents original essays by authors from various disciplines, including philosophy, anthropology, developmental psychology, and primatology, who write in conversation with neuroscience, sociology, and cognitive psychology.

Morality and Mathematics

Justin Clarke-Doane
Morality and Mathematics Book PDF

Author : Justin Clarke-Doane
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2020-03-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192556806

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Morality and Mathematics by Justin Clarke-Doane Pdf

To what extent are the subjects of our thoughts and talk real? This is the question of realism. In this book, Justin Clarke-Doane explores arguments for and against moral realism and mathematical realism, how they interact, and what they can tell us about areas of philosophical interest more generally. He argues that, contrary to widespread belief, our mathematical beliefs have no better claim to being self-evident or provable than our moral beliefs. Nor do our mathematical beliefs have better claim to being empirically justified than our moral beliefs. It is also incorrect that reflection on the genealogy of our moral beliefs establishes a lack of parity between the cases. In general, if one is a moral antirealist on the basis of epistemological considerations, then one ought to be a mathematical antirealist as well. And, yet, Clarke-Doane shows that moral realism and mathematical realism do not stand or fall together — and for a surprising reason. Moral questions, insofar as they are practical, are objective in a sense that mathematical questions are not, and the sense in which they are objective can only be explained by assuming practical anti-realism. One upshot of the discussion is that the concepts of realism and objectivity, which are widely identified, are actually in tension. Another is that the objective questions in the neighborhood of factual areas like logic, modality, grounding, and nature are practical questions too. Practical philosophy should, therefore, take center stage.

Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind

Joshua May
Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind Book PDF

Author : Joshua May
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2018-05-04
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780192539601

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Regard for Reason in the Moral Mind by Joshua May Pdf

The burgeoning science of ethics has produced a trend toward pessimism. Ordinary moral thought and action, we're told, are profoundly influenced by arbitrary factors and ultimately driven by unreasoned feelings. This book counters the current orthodoxy on its own terms by carefully engaging with the empirical literature. The resulting view, optimistic rationalism, shows the pervasive role played by reason our moral minds, and ultimately defuses sweeping debunking arguments in ethics. The science does suggest that moral knowledge and virtue don't come easily. However, despite the heavy influence of automatic and unconscious processes that have been shaped by evolutionary pressures, we needn't reject ordinary moral psychology as fundamentally flawed or in need of serious repair. Reason can be corrupted in ethics just as in other domains, but a special pessimism about morality in particular is unwarranted. Moral judgment and motivation are fundamentally rational enterprises not beholden to the passions.

Problems for Moral Debunkers

Peter Königs
Problems for Moral Debunkers Book PDF

Author : Peter Königs
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-21
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9783110750218

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Problems for Moral Debunkers by Peter Königs Pdf

One the most interesting debates in moral philosophy revolves around the significance of empirical moral psychology for moral philosophy. Genealogical arguments that rely on empirical findings about the origins of moral beliefs, so-called debunking arguments, take center stage in this debate. Looking at debunking arguments based on evidence from evolutionary moral psychology, experimental ethics and neuroscience, this book explores what ethicists can learn from the science of morality, and what they cannot. Among other things, the book offers a new take on the deontology/utilitarianism debate, discusses the usefulness of experiments in ethics, investigates whether morality should be thought of as a problem-solving device, shows how debunking arguments can tell us something about the structure of philosophical debate, and argues that debunking arguments lead to both moral and prudential skepticism. Presenting a new picture of the relationship between empirical moral psychology and moral philosophy, this book is essential reading for moral philosophers and moral psychologists alike.

The Point of View of the Universe

Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek,Peter Singer
The Point of View of the Universe Book PDF

Author : Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek,Peter Singer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 433 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780199603695

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The Point of View of the Universe by Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek,Peter Singer Pdf

Tests the views and metaphor of 19th-century utilitarian philosopher Henry Sidgwick against a variety of contemporary views on ethics, determining that they are defensible and thus providing a defense of objectivism in ethics and of hedonistic utilitarianism.

The Evolution of Morality

Todd K. Shackelford,Ranald D. Hansen
The Evolution of Morality Book PDF

Author : Todd K. Shackelford,Ranald D. Hansen
Publisher : Springer
Page : 323 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-08-10
Category : Psychology
ISBN : 9783319196718

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The Evolution of Morality by Todd K. Shackelford,Ranald D. Hansen Pdf

This interdisciplinary collection presents novel theories, includes provocative re-workings of longstanding arguments, and offers a healthy cross-pollination of ideas to the morality literature. Structures, functions, and content of morality are reconsidered as cultural, religious, and political components are added to the standard biological/environmental mix. Innovative concepts such as the Periodic Table of Ethics and evidence for morality in non-human species illuminate areas for further discussion and research. And some of the book’s contributors question premises we hold dear, such as morality as a product of reason, the existence of moral truths, and the motto “life is good.” Highlights of the coverage: The tripartite theory of Machiavellian morality: judgment, influence, and conscience as distinct moral adaptations. Prosocial morality from a biological, cultural, and developmental perspective. The containment problem and the evolutionary debunking of morality. A comparative perspective on the evolution of moral behavior. A moral guide to depravity: religiously-motivated violence and sexual selection. Game theory and the strategic logic of moral intuitions. The Evolution of Morality makes a stimulating supplementary text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in the evolutionary sciences, particularly in psychology, biology, anthropology, sociology, political science, religious studies, and philosophy

The Cognitive Science of Religion

D. Jason Slone,William W. McCorkle Jr.
The Cognitive Science of Religion Book PDF

Author : D. Jason Slone,William W. McCorkle Jr.
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-10
Category : Religion
ISBN : 9781350033702

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The Cognitive Science of Religion by D. Jason Slone,William W. McCorkle Jr. Pdf

The Cognitive Science of Religion introduces students to key empirical studies conducted over the past 25 years in this new and rapidly expanding field. In these studies, cognitive scientists of religion have applied the theories, findings and research tools of the cognitive sciences to understanding religious thought, behaviour and social dynamics. Each chapter is written by a leading international scholar, and summarizes in non-technical language the original empirical study conducted by the scholar. No prior or statistical knowledge is presumed, and studies included range from the classic to the more recent and innovative cases. Students will learn about the theories that cognitive scientists have employed to explain recurrent features of religiosity across cultures and historical eras, how scholars have tested those theories, and what the results of those tests have revealed and suggest. Written to be accessible to undergraduates, this provides a much-needed survey of empirical studies in the cognitive science of religion.

Does Anything Really Matter?

Peter Singer
Does Anything Really Matter Book PDF

Author : Peter Singer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 288 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2017-01-12
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9780191084393

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Does Anything Really Matter? by Peter Singer Pdf

In the first two volumes of On What Matters Derek Parfit argues that there are objective moral truths, and other normative truths about what we have reasons to believe, and to want, and to do. He thus challenges a view of the role of reason in action that can be traced back to David Hume, and is widely assumed to be correct, not only by philosophers but also by economists. In defending his view, Parfit argues that if there are no objective normative truths, nihilism follows, and nothing matters. He criticizes, often forcefully, many leading contemporary philosophers working on the nature of ethics, including Simon Blackburn, Stephen Darwall, Allen Gibbard, Frank Jackson, Peter Railton, Mark Schroeder, Michael Smith, and Sharon Street. Does Anything Really Matter? gives these philosophers an opportunity to respond to Parfit's criticisms, and includes essays on Parfit's views by Richard Chappell, Andrew Huddleston, Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek and Peter Singer, Bruce Russell, and Larry Temkin. A third volume of On What Matters, in which Parfit engages with his critics and breaks new ground in finding significant agreement between his own views and theirs, is appearing as a separate companion volume.

Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics

Uri D. Leibowitz,Neil Sinclair
Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics Book PDF

Author : Uri D. Leibowitz,Neil Sinclair
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 268 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780198778592

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Explanation in Ethics and Mathematics by Uri D. Leibowitz,Neil Sinclair Pdf

How far should our realism extend, and how should we understand the entities referred to by mathematical and ethical talk? This volume explores how argumentative strategies in the philosophy of mathematics might apply to ethics, and vice versa. A team of experts breaks new ground in both areas and illuminates new questions, arguments, and problems.