Excerpt Inequality And Fiscal Policy

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Excerpt: Inequality and Fiscal Policy

Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen
Excerpt Inequality and Fiscal Policy Book PDF

Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2015-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513521541

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Excerpt: Inequality and Fiscal Policy by Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen Pdf

This paper is an excerpt from Inequality and Fiscal Policy. The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought issues on equity and distribution to the top of the policy agenda. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects household consumption directly and indirectly. An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country case studies demonstrate the diversity of challenges and the diverging ways to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on work by IMF economists and leading academics.

Inequality and Fiscal Policy

Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen
Inequality and Fiscal Policy Book PDF

Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 450 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2015-09-21
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513567754

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Inequality and Fiscal Policy by Mr.Benedict J. Clements,Ruud A. de Mooij,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Michael Keen Pdf

The sizeable increase in income inequality experienced in advanced economies and many parts of the world since the 1990s and the severe consequences of the global economic and financial crisis have brought distributional issues to the top of the policy agenda. The challenge for many governments is to address concerns over rising inequality while simultaneously promoting economic efficiency and more robust economic growth. The book delves into this discussion by analyzing fiscal policy and its link with inequality. Fiscal policy is the government’s most powerful tool for addressing inequality. It affects households ‘consumption directly (through taxes and transfers) and indirectly (via incentives for work and production and the provision of public goods and individual services such as education and health). An important message of the book is that growth and equity are not necessarily at odds; with the appropriate mix of policy instruments and careful policy design, countries can in many cases achieve better distributional outcomes and improve economic efficiency. Country studies (on the Netherlands, China, India, Republic of Congo, and Brazil) demonstrate the diversity of challenges across countries and their differing capacity to use fiscal policy for redistribution. The analysis presented in the book builds on and extends work done at the IMF, and also includes contributions from leading academics.

Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality

Ms.Lisa L Kolovich
Excerpt Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality Book PDF

Author : Ms.Lisa L Kolovich
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 18 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 2017-10-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781484322048

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Excerpt: Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality by Ms.Lisa L Kolovich Pdf

Historically, women around the world have had less opportunity than men in education, employment, and health care, and less political representation. The moral argument for gender equality is clear, and the economic evidence is mounting. The International Monetary Fund and other international institutions have focused in recent years on developing a range of approaches to help whittle away at the barriers that prevent girls and women from achieving their full economic potential. This book is based on a joint research project between the IMF and the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development on gender budgeting around the world. The book summarizes some of the most prominent gender budgeting efforts in more than 80 countries tried over the last two decades. The research team relied on published materials, developed a questionnaire sent to the ministries of finance of all 189 IMF member countries, and conducted interviews with country officials and international organizations that offer technical assistance to countries seeking to implement gender budgeting. Although the gender gap is shrinking, progress remains uneven across many regions of the world. Gender budgeting allows fiscal authorities to ensure that tax spending and policies address inequality and the advancement of women in areas such as education, health, and economic empowerment. Gender budgeting has been targeted to a variety of goals such as access to education, childcare, and health services; raising female labor force participation; and eradicating violence against women. There are still many lessons to be learned in implementing the appropriate government policies and fiscal measures to continue promoting women’s development and gender equality.

Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality

Lisa Kolovich
Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality Book PDF

Author : Lisa Kolovich
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 9 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1484322967

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Fiscal Policies and Gender Equality by Lisa Kolovich Pdf

Historically, women around the world have had less opportunity than men in education, employment, and health care, and less political representation. The moral argument for gender equality is clear, and the economic evidence is mounting. The International Monetary Fund and other international institutions have focused in recent years on developing a range of approaches to help whittle away at the barriers that prevent girls and women from achieving their full economic potential. This book is based on a joint research project between the IMF and the United Kingdom's Department for International Development on gender budgeting around the world. The book summarizes some of the most prominent gender budgeting efforts in more than 80 countries tried over the last two decades. The research team relied on published materials, developed a questionnaire sent to the ministries of finance of all 189 IMF member countries, and conducted interviews with country officials and international organizations that offer technical assistance to countries seeking to implement gender budgeting. Although the gender gap is shrinking, progress remains uneven across many regions of the world. Gender budgeting allows fiscal authorities to ensure that tax spending and policies address inequality and the advancement of women in areas such as education, health, and economic empowerment. Gender budgeting has been targeted to a variety of goals such as access to education, childcare, and health services; raising female labor force participation; and eradicating violence against women. There are still many lessons to be learned in implementing the appropriate government policies and fiscal measures to continue promoting women's development and gender equality.

Taxing the Rich

Kenneth Scheve,David Stasavage
Taxing the Rich Book PDF

Author : Kenneth Scheve,David Stasavage
Publisher : Princeton University Press
Page : 282 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 2017-11-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780691178295

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Taxing the Rich by Kenneth Scheve,David Stasavage Pdf

A groundbreaking history of why governments do—and don't—tax the rich In today's social climate of acknowledged and growing inequality, why are there not greater efforts to tax the rich? In this wide-ranging and provocative book, Kenneth Scheve and David Stasavage ask when and why countries tax their wealthiest citizens—and their answers may surprise you. Taxing the Rich draws on unparalleled evidence from twenty countries over the last two centuries to provide the broadest and most in-depth history of progressive taxation available. Scheve and Stasavage explore the intellectual and political debates surrounding the taxation of the wealthy while also providing the most detailed examination to date of when taxes have been levied against the rich and when they haven't. Fairness in debates about taxing the rich has depended on different views of what it means to treat people as equals and whether taxing the rich advances or undermines this norm. Scheve and Stasavage argue that governments don't tax the rich just because inequality is high or rising—they do it when people believe that such taxes compensate for the state unfairly privileging the wealthy. Progressive taxation saw its heyday in the twentieth century, when compensatory arguments for taxing the rich focused on unequal sacrifice in mass warfare. Today, as technology gives rise to wars of more limited mobilization, such arguments are no longer persuasive. Taxing the Rich shows how the future of tax reform will depend on whether political and economic conditions allow for new compensatory arguments to be made.

Excerpt: Fiscal Politics

Vitor Gaspar,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados
Excerpt Fiscal Politics Book PDF

Author : Vitor Gaspar,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 41 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2017-03-24
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475588699

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Excerpt: Fiscal Politics by Vitor Gaspar,Mr.Sanjeev Gupta,Mr.Carlos Mulas-Granados Pdf

This paper discusses how politics affects policies on the fiscal front. The literature on the political economy of fiscal policy dates back to the nineteenth century when the Italian and Swedish schools of public finance began to analyze how governments choose policies. During the twentieth century, the Public Choice school continued this work and focused on the political incentives and constraints in policy formulation. Elections mainly affect the stabilization and redistribution functions of the government. Proximity of elections can influence the government’s budget decisions in various ways. Ideology heavily influences fiscal policies that pertain to redistribution. Leftwing parties draw their support from workers and the middle- and low-income segments of the population. Thus, they pay particular attention to income inequality, redistribution, social benefits, and interventionist supply-side policies in the form of public provision of human and physical capital. Although the cabinet’s ideology is an important predictor of fiscal policy, it does not always play the same role, especially when the government’s credibility is at stake and they need to reassure financial markets.

Excerpt: Paving the Way to Sustained Growth and Prosperity in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic

International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Excerpt Paving the Way to Sustained Growth and Prosperity in Central America Panama and the Dominican Republic Book PDF

Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 20 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2018-07-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484370315

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Excerpt: Paving the Way to Sustained Growth and Prosperity in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. Pdf

This is an excerpt from Paving the Way to Growth and Prosperity in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic edited by Kimberly Beaton, Roberto Garcia Saltos, and Lorenzo Figliuoli. Over the past three decades, countries in Central America, Panama, and the Dominican Republic have experienced sustained economic transfor-mation. The region has moved away from its rural and agricultural past to a modern and urban present and has significantly integrated its econ-omies regionally and globally. Many factors have shaped the region’s economic performance and are expected to contribute to its future development. The book aims to foster policy dialogue and contribute to the efforts to address the region’s unique challenges. The first part looks at the region’s growth with a view to understanding how structural determinants have contributed to the region’s uneven gains and the resulting priorities to strengthen the foundations of growth. The second part of the book high-lights the importance of addressing the region’s fiscal challenges and supporting growth and improved social outcomes. Finally, the third part of the book emphasizes the importance of a supportive financial sector for growth, including through financial inclusion and development. This excerpt is taken from uncorrected page proofs. Please check quota-tions and attributions against the final published volume.

Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth

Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Excerpt Women Work and Economic Growth Book PDF

Author : Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 30 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2016-09-09
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781475535853

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Excerpt: Women, Work, and Economic Growth by Ms.Kalpana Kochhar,Ms.Sonali Jain-Chandra,Ms.Monique Newiak Pdf

This paper analyzes various linkages and interconnections between gender inequality and the macroeconomy. The prevalence of gender inequality, particularly the presence of gender gaps in the labor force and in economic opportunities, can weigh on and impede inclusive growth. The precise nature of gender gaps varies, but in the majority of countries there are differences between men and women in decision-making power, economic participation, access to opportunities, and social norms and expectations. The analysis shows that gender gaps in pay and in access to resources, occupations, and credit, among other things, not only have negative microeconomic effects on women but also imply large costs for the aggregate economy. Differences in economic outcomes may be a consequence of unequal opportunities and enabling conditions for men and women and for boys and girls. Raising female participation could provide an important boost to growth, but women face two hurdles in participating in the workforce in Japan.

Excerpt: Frontier and Developing Asia

Mr.Alfred Schipke
Excerpt Frontier and Developing Asia Book PDF

Author : Mr.Alfred Schipke
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 25 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2015-01-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781484305379

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Excerpt: Frontier and Developing Asia by Mr.Alfred Schipke Pdf

This is an excerpt from Frontier and Developing Asia: the Next Generation of Emerging Markets. Frontier and developing Asia, which includes countries such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and Bangladesh, is located in the world’s fastest-growing region and has favorable demographics. Despite their heterogeneity, the countries share a number of common macroeconomic, financial, and structural challenges. The book addresses issues related to economic growth and structural transformation, as well as the risk of a poverty trap and rising income inequality. The book also analyses a number of financial sector and monetary policy framework issues.

Inequality, Class, and Economics

Eric Schutz
Inequality Class and Economics Book PDF

Author : Eric Schutz
Publisher : NYU Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2022-01-24
Category : HISTORY
ISBN : 9781583679418

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Inequality, Class, and Economics by Eric Schutz Pdf

"The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the economic inequalities pervading every aspect of society - and then multiplied them to a staggering degree. In Inequality, Class, and Economics, Eric Schutz illuminates the pillars undergirding the monstrous polarities which define our times revealing them as the structures of power that constitute the foundations of the class system of today's capitalism. Employers' power is the linchpin of that system, but the power of professionals in all fields, the power exerted by some businesses over others, political power, and the power of cultural institutions - especially mass media and education - are also critical for the class system today. Each of these social power structures is examined closely and shown both to sustain, and to be sustained by, economic inequality. Employing both traditional and novel approaches to public policy, Inequality, Class, and Economics denounces economists' studied avoidance of the problem of class as a system of inequality based in unequal opportunity, and exhorts us to tackle the heart of the problem at long last."--Back cover.

Inequality and the 1%

Danny Dorling
Inequality and the 1 Book PDF

Author : Danny Dorling
Publisher : National Geographic Books
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2015-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781784782078

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Inequality and the 1% by Danny Dorling Pdf

Since the great recession hit in 2008, the 1% has only grown richer while the rest find life increasingly tough. The gap between the haves and the have-nots has turned into a chasm. While the rich have found new ways of protecting their wealth, everyone else has suffered the penalties of austerity. But inequality is more than just economics. Being born outside the 1% has a dramatic impact on a person's potential: reducing life expectancy, limiting education and work prospects, and even affecting mental health. What is to be done? In Inequality and the 1% leading social thinker Danny Dorling lays bare the extent and true cost of the division in our society and asks what have the superrich ever done for us. He shows that inquality is the greatest threat we face and why we must urgently redress the balance.

Confronting Inequality

Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg
Confronting Inequality Book PDF

Author : Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg
Publisher : Columbia University Press
Page : 182 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-01-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780231527613

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Confronting Inequality by Jonathan D. Ostry,Prakash Loungani,Andrew Berg Pdf

Inequality has drastically increased in many countries around the globe over the past three decades. The widening gap between the very rich and everyone else is often portrayed as an unexpected outcome or as the tradeoff we must accept to achieve economic growth. In this book, three International Monetary Fund economists show that this increase in inequality has in fact been a political choice—and explain what policies we should choose instead to achieve a more inclusive economy. Jonathan D. Ostry, Prakash Loungani, and Andrew Berg demonstrate that the extent of inequality depends on the policies governments choose—such as whether to let capital move unhindered across national boundaries, how much austerity to impose, and how much to deregulate markets. While these policies do often confer growth benefits, they have also been responsible for much of the increase in inequality. The book also shows that inequality leads to weaker economic performance and proposes alternative policies capable of delivering more inclusive growth. In addition to improving access to health care and quality education, they call for redistribution from the rich to the poor and present evidence showing that redistribution does not hurt growth. Accessible to scholars across disciplines as well as to students and policy makers, Confronting Inequality is a rigorous and empirically rich book that is crucial for a time when many fear a new Gilded Age.

In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All

OECD
In It Together Why Less Inequality Benefits All Book PDF

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 336 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2015-05-21
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264235120

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In It Together: Why Less Inequality Benefits All by OECD Pdf

This book highlights the key areas where inequalities are created and where new policies are required, including the consequences of current consolidation policies, structural labour market changes with rising non-standard work and job polarisation, persisting gender gaps...

Capital in the Twenty-First Century

Thomas Piketty
Capital in the Twenty First Century Book PDF

Author : Thomas Piketty
Publisher : Harvard University Press
Page : 817 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2017-08-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780674979857

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Capital in the Twenty-First Century by Thomas Piketty Pdf

What are the grand dynamics that drive the accumulation and distribution of capital? Questions about the long-term evolution of inequality, the concentration of wealth, and the prospects for economic growth lie at the heart of political economy. But satisfactory answers have been hard to find for lack of adequate data and clear guiding theories. In this work the author analyzes a unique collection of data from twenty countries, ranging as far back as the eighteenth century, to uncover key economic and social patterns. His findings transform debate and set the agenda for the next generation of thought about wealth and inequality. He shows that modern economic growth and the diffusion of knowledge have allowed us to avoid inequalities on the apocalyptic scale predicted by Karl Marx. But we have not modified the deep structures of capital and inequality as much as we thought in the optimistic decades following World War II. The main driver of inequality--the tendency of returns on capital to exceed the rate of economic growth--today threatens to generate extreme inequalities that stir discontent and undermine democratic values if political action is not taken. But economic trends are not acts of God. Political action has curbed dangerous inequalities in the past, the author says, and may do so again. This original work reorients our understanding of economic history and confronts us with sobering lessons for today.

A Good War

Seth Klein
A Good War Book PDF

Author : Seth Klein
Publisher : ECW Press
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 2020-09-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781773055916

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A Good War by Seth Klein Pdf

“This is the roadmap out of climate crisis that Canadians have been waiting for.” — Naomi Klein, activist and New York Times bestselling author of This Changes Everything and The Shock Doctrine • One of Canada’s top policy analysts provides the first full-scale blueprint for meeting our climate change commitments • Contains the results of a national poll on Canadians’ attitudes to the climate crisis • Shows that radical transformative climate action can be done, while producing jobs and reducing inequality as we retool how we live and work. • Deeply researched and targeted specifically to Canada and Canadians while providing a model that other countries could follow Canada needs to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 50% to prevent a catastrophic 1.5 degree increase in the earth’s average temperature — assumed by many scientists to be a critical “danger line” for the planet and human life as we know it. It’s 2020, and Canada is not on track to meet our targets. To do so, we’ll need radical systemic change to how we live and work—and fast. How can we ever achieve this? Top policy analyst and author Seth Klein reveals we can do it now because we’ve done it before. During the Second World War, Canadian citizens and government remade the economy by retooling factories, transforming their workforce, and making the war effort a common cause for all Canadians to contribute to. Klein demonstrates how wartime thinking and community efforts can be repurposed today for Canada’s own Green New Deal. He shares how we can create jobs and reduce inequality while tackling our climate obligations for a climate neutral—or even climate zero—future. From enlisting broad public support for new economic models, to job creation through investment in green infrastructure, Klein shows us a bold, practical policy plan for Canada’s sustainable future. More than this: A Good War offers a remarkably hopeful message for how we can meet the defining challenge of our lives. COVID-19 has brought a previously unthinkable pace of change to the world—one which demonstrates our ability to adapt rapidly when we’re at risk. Many recent changes are what Klein proposes in these very pages. The world can, actually, turn on a dime if necessary. This is the blueprint for how to do it.