Explaining The Shadow Economy In Europe Size Causes And Policy Options

Author : Mr.Ben Kelmanson,Koralai Kirabaeva,Leandro Medina,MissBorislava Mircheva,Jason Weiss
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2019-12-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513523293

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Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options by Mr.Ben Kelmanson,Koralai Kirabaeva,Leandro Medina,MissBorislava Mircheva,Jason Weiss Pdf

This paper examines the drivers, and reestimates the size of shadow economies in Europe, with a focus on the emerging economies, and recommends policies to increase formality. The size of shadow economies declined across Europe in recent years but remains significant, especially in Eastern Europe. In the emerging European economies, the key determinants of shadow economy size are regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and human capital. The paper argues that a comprehensive package of reforms, focused on country-specific drivers, is needed to successfully combat the shadow economy. The menu of policies most relevant for Europe’s emerging economies include: reducing regulatory and administrative burdens, promoting transparency and improving government effectiveness, as well as improving tax compliance, automating procedures, and promoting electronic payments.

Author : Mr.Ben Kelmanson,Koralai Kirabaeva,Leandro Medina,MissBorislava Mircheva,Jason Weiss
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 29 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513520698

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Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options by Mr.Ben Kelmanson,Koralai Kirabaeva,Leandro Medina,MissBorislava Mircheva,Jason Weiss Pdf

This paper examines the drivers, and reestimates the size of shadow economies in Europe, with a focus on the emerging economies, and recommends policies to increase formality. The size of shadow economies declined across Europe in recent years but remains significant, especially in Eastern Europe. In the emerging European economies, the key determinants of shadow economy size are regulatory quality, government effectiveness, and human capital. The paper argues that a comprehensive package of reforms, focused on country-specific drivers, is needed to successfully combat the shadow economy. The menu of policies most relevant for Europe’s emerging economies include: reducing regulatory and administrative burdens, promoting transparency and improving government effectiveness, as well as improving tax compliance, automating procedures, and promoting electronic payments.

Author : Friedrich Schneider,Dominik H. Enste
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2013-02-14
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107034846

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The Shadow Economy by Friedrich Schneider,Dominik H. Enste Pdf

This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.

Author : Leandro Medina,Mr.Friedrich Schneider
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 114 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2018-01-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781484339176

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Shadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? by Leandro Medina,Mr.Friedrich Schneider Pdf

We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.

Author : Franziska Ohnsorge,Shu Yu
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 397 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2022-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781464817540

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The Long Shadow of Informality by Franziska Ohnsorge,Shu Yu Pdf

A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.

Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 414 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2021-07-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513575919

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The Global Informal Workforce by International Monetary Fund Pdf

The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the macroeconomy. The book covers interactions between the informal economy, labor and product markets, gender equality, fiscal institutions and outcomes, social protection, and financial inclusion. Informality is a widespread and persistent phenomenon that affects how fast economies can grow, develop, and provide decent economic opportunities for their populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to uncover the vulnerabilities of the informal workforce.

Author : Colin C. Williams
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 129 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 2023-09-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783031379284

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Formalization of the Informal Economy by Colin C. Williams Pdf

This Brief provides a cutting-edge evaluation of the application of digital technologies to tackle the informal economy. Employing institutional theory to explain the informal economy, this book reveals that the informal economy arises when formal institutional failings trigger a gap between the formal rules of the game and social norms. Chapters outline how use of digital technologies by public authorities, such as tax, social security and labor authorities, can alter social norms so that they accord with the formal rules of the game and generate a formalization of the informal economy. Setting out the e-government tools that can improve the relationship between businesses, employers, workers and citizens, and government, this book will be essential reading for academics and advanced students studying development economics, labor economics, public economics, behavioral economics, economic sociology and institutional economics as well as for government policymakers working in related fields.

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 1064 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2022-07-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264894808

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SME Policy Index: Western Balkans and Turkey 2022 Assessing the Implementation of the Small Business Act for Europe by OECD Pdf

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential drivers of sustainable economic growth in the Western Balkans and Turkey, where they make up 99% of all firms, generate 65% value added and account for 75% of employment. Nevertheless, SMEs across the region continue to face obstacles such as difficulties accessing financing, low levels of digital uptake, regulatory barriers and relatively low participation in international trade.

Author : Dagmara Nikulin,Ewa Lechman
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 82 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2021-03-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783030705244

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Shadow Economy in Poland by Dagmara Nikulin,Ewa Lechman Pdf

The book provides an estimate of the size of the shadow economy in Poland. Using analogous data, it traces core determinants of the existence of the shadow economy in Poland. It compares results with neighbouring countries, and if possible, the remaining Central-Eastern economies. The book tells why the problem of the unreported economic activity matters; it presents the problem from different angles―economic, social and institutional. Next, it extensively reviews past research on the size and determinants of the shadow economy in Poland. It discusses available resources and empirical results showing the problem from micro-, and macroeconomic perspective. The authors present the methods used and the results of the survey, which are interpreted and discussed Finally it concludes on major drivers of shadow economy in Poland, providing recommendations and future research directions. The book is intended for practitioners and those seeking understanding of undeclared economic activities.

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 91 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2022-01-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781616359324

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Republic of Kosovo: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Pdf

After contracting more than 5 percent in 2020, Kosovo’s economy is projected to have recovered by 7.5 percent in 2021, thanks to mobility normalization, extraordinary diaspora inflows, and strengthened confidence. Improved vaccination rates supported these trends and mitigation and recovery measures provided lifelines to those most affected by the pandemic. Though GDP growth is expected to normalize in 2022, the new omicron variant is a reminder that the pandemic continues to represent the main downside risk.

Author : Gabriel Bekö
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2024-01-11
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781527556270

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Reflections on the World of Human Inspirations by Gabriel Bekö Pdf

Inspiration is the initial spark that puts us on track towards our beliefs, attitudes, and actions. It partly defines who we are and whom we will become. But what are the sources of our inspirations, what governs them, how do they take shape in our lives and how are our lives shaped by them? Can they be right and wrong, and do we have the power to control them? This book provides an analysis of the historical, geographical, and cultural aspects of those countless moments that ignite our passions, guide our efforts, or cause the lack of both. Through the study of human inspirations, the author elaborates a variety of issues, including current societal, political, and global challenges, spirituality, human character, individualism, education, as well as the contrast between what used to be the political East and West, communism and capitalism. The book offers an intriguing look at the inflation of inspirations in our rapidly changing societies and its global implications. It fuses numerous fields to offer a refined view of the world and ourselves in it. Do advanced societies consist of advanced individuals, or is it time to reassess our values, redefine our principles, and seek inspirations that dare to question the status quo and introduce us to a category of dignity that moves us closer to a truly advanced world?

Author : International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2022-02-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400202797

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Republic of North Macedonia: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of North Macedonia by International Monetary,International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Pdf

The economy is rebounding. After a 6 percent drop in 2020, real GDP is projected to grow at 4 percent both in 2021 and 2022, reflecting improved mobility, a return of the diaspora, and continued policy support. With uncertainty remaining high, including about the course of the pandemic, policies need to be kept flexible. Emphasis should be on limiting the economic scars from the pandemic crisis while making progress on long-standing reform priorities such as further strengthening public financial management and revenue administration and buttressing the financial safety net.

Author : Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.)
Publisher : The Fraser Institute
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Informal sector (Economics)
ISBN : 9780889751699

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The Underground Economy by Fraser Institute (Vancouver, B.C.) Pdf

From the back cover: The papers in this ground breaking book constitute a unique collection of information about the underground economy and how it is manifested in a variety of countries. Section One attempts to measure Canada's underground economic activity and provides a specific estimate of the impact that tax changes have on its size. It also looks at the problems of tax evasion and tax avoidance. Section Two deals with the size of the underground substance economy, the legal aspects of tlhe underground economy in the United States, and an asseeement of the economic activities of the Mafia. Section Three analyzes the underground economy abroad, specifically in the United States, Britain, Mexico, Peru, Chile, Russia and China. The fourth section returns to Canada and examines some policy implications of the underground economy. A survey detailed in Section One shows that a majority of Canadians believe that they do not receive enough benefits for the taxation they pay. Section Four offers a solution to the problem of tax evasion and underground economic activity; the adoption of user fees and user taxes.

Author : Monica Violeta Achim
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-06-30
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9783031340826

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Economic and Financial Crime, Sustainability and Good Governance by Monica Violeta Achim Pdf

Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 654 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2021-06-10
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264861763

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OECD Development Pathways Multi-dimensional Review of the Western Balkans Assessing Opportunities and Constraints by OECD Pdf

The Western Balkans region has come a long way over the last two decades in achieving economic and social progress. With a population of 17.6 million, the region today boasts a combined gross domestic product (GDP) of close to EUR 100 billion, an average GDP per capita of about EUR 5 400 and a comprehensive process of integration with the European Union.