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Exponential Diophantine Equations by T. N. Shorey,R. Tijdeman Pdf
This is a integrated presentation of the theory of exponential diophantine equations. The authors present, in a clear and unified fashion, applications to exponential diophantine equations and linear recurrence sequences of the Gelfond-Baker theory of linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers. Topics covered include the Thue equations, the generalised hyperelliptic equation, and the Fermat and Catalan equations. The necessary preliminaries are given in the first three chapters. Each chapter ends with a section giving details of related results.
An Introduction to Diophantine Equations by Titu Andreescu,Dorin Andrica,Ion Cucurezeanu Pdf
This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants — including Olympiad and Putnam competitors — as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.
Unsolved Problems in Number Theory by Richard Guy Pdf
Mathematics is kept alive by the appearance of new, unsolved problems. This book provides a steady supply of easily understood, if not easily solved, problems that can be considered in varying depths by mathematicians at all levels of mathematical maturity. This new edition features lists of references to OEIS, Neal Sloane’s Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, at the end of several of the sections.
Diophantine Equations by Sudhanshu Aggarwal,Himanshu Pandey,Satish Kumar Pdf
The present book "Diophantine Equations" is presented for students and researchers working in the field of number theory. Diophantine equations are those equations which are to be solved in integers. Diophantine equations are very important equations of theory of numbers and have many important applications in algebra, analytical geometry and trigonometry. The present book describes various methods for handling Diophantine equations. The present book is divided into five chapters. 1. ON THE NON-LINEAR DIOPHANTINE EQUATION 79x+97y=z2 (Nidhi Sharma, Shahida A.T., Renu Chaudhary) 12-23 2. ON THE EXPONENTIAL DIOPHANTINE EQUATION M3p+M7q=r2 (Sanjay Kumar, Aakansha Vyas, Gyanvendra Pratap Singh) 24-31 3. ON THE SOLUTIONS OF EXPONENTIAL DIOPHANTINE EQUATION kx + (k + 10)y= z2 (Deepak Gupta) 32-41 4. DIOPHANTINE EQUATION 787x+797y=z2 (Raman Chauhan, Swarg Deep Sharma, Seema Agrawal) 42-48 5. DIOPHANTINE EQUATIONS α2-Dβ2=1 ANDα2-Dβ2=-1 (Sudhanshu Aggarwal, Rajesh Pandey, Eshita Pandey) 49-64 Dr. Sudhanshu Aggarwal Dr. Himanshu Pandey Dr. Satish Kumar Dr. Anjana Rani Gupta
Notes from the International Autumn School on Computational Number Theory by Ilker Inam,Engin Büyükaşık Pdf
This volume collects lecture notes and research articles from the International Autumn School on Computational Number Theory, which was held at the Izmir Institute of Technology from October 30th to November 3rd, 2017 in Izmir, Turkey. Written by experts in computational number theory, the chapters cover a variety of the most important aspects of the field. By including timely research and survey articles, the text also helps pave a path to future advancements. Topics include: Modular forms L-functions The modular symbols algorithm Diophantine equations Nullstellensatz Eisenstein series Notes from the International Autumn School on Computational Number Theory will offer graduate students an invaluable introduction to computational number theory. In addition, it provides the state-of-the-art of the field, and will thus be of interest to researchers interested in the field as well.
Understanding Anatomy of Exponential Diophantine 3-Term Equations by Rajen Merchant Pdf
This monograph is specially written for students and researchers in mathematics, particularly number theory. Professors and instructors teaching this subject will find it very useful. This monograph develops a clear understanding of the structure of the exponential diophantine 3-term equations and their solutions. Various components of an exponential diophantine equation and their roles are described in detail. A combinatorial approach is used to classify and analyze solutions to exponential diophantine 3-term equations. To classify these solutions, all possible ways these solutions can occur are examined. The analysis presented reveals that these solutions can be classified into three classes and six sub-classes. Properties of each class of solutions are described in detail. We observe that each exponential diophantine 3-term equation imposes its own requirements on its solutions. We discuss how these requirements of an exponential diophantine equation can affect solutions in each class. We apply the classification developed here to relate to the results for the Pythagorean equation, the Catalan equation, and the Ramanujan-Nagell equation. Finally, we employ the concepts developed in this monograph and present twelve proofs and four conjectures that help us analyze and understand the Fermat's Last Theorem and the Beal's conjecture. These four conjectures are much smaller in scope.
Quadratic Diophantine Equations by Titu Andreescu,Dorin Andrica Pdf
This text treats the classical theory of quadratic diophantine equations and guides the reader through the last two decades of computational techniques and progress in the area. The presentation features two basic methods to investigate and motivate the study of quadratic diophantine equations: the theories of continued fractions and quadratic fields. It also discusses Pell’s equation and its generalizations, and presents some important quadratic diophantine equations and applications. The inclusion of examples makes this book useful for both research and classroom settings.
Solving the Pell Equation by Michael Jacobson,Hugh Williams Pdf
Pell’s Equation is a very simple Diophantine equation that has been known to mathematicians for over 2000 years. Even today research involving this equation continues to be very active, as can be seen by the publication of at least 150 articles related to this equation over the past decade. However, very few modern books have been published on Pell’s Equation, and this will be the first to give a historical development of the equation, as well as to develop the necessary tools for solving the equation. The authors provide a friendly introduction for advanced undergraduates to the delights of algebraic number theory via Pell’s Equation. The only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of elementary number theory and abstract algebra. There are also numerous references and notes for those who wish to follow up on various topics.
Classical Diophantine Equations by Vladimir G. Sprindzuk Pdf
The author had initiated a revision and translation of "Classical Diophantine Equations" prior to his death. Given the rapid advances in transcendence theory and diophantine approximation over recent years, one might fear that the present work, originally published in Russian in 1982, is mostly superseded. That is not so. A certain amount of updating had been prepared by the author himself before his untimely death. Some further revision was prepared by close colleagues. The first seven chapters provide a detailed, virtually exhaustive, discussion of the theory of lower bounds for linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers and its applications to obtaining upper bounds for solutions to the eponymous classical diophantine equations. The detail may seem stark--- the author fears that the reader may react much as does the tourist on first seeing the centre Pompidou; notwithstanding that, Sprind zuk maintainsa pleasant and chatty approach, full of wise and interesting remarks. His emphases well warrant, now that the book appears in English, close studyand emulation. In particular those emphases allow him to devote the eighth chapter to an analysis of the interrelationship of the class number of algebraic number fields involved and the bounds on the heights of thesolutions of the diophantine equations. Those ideas warrant further development. The final chapter deals with effective aspects of the Hilbert Irreducibility Theorem, harkening back to earlier work of the author. There is no other congenial entry point to the ideas of the last two chapters in the literature.
Randomness & Undecidability in Physics by Karl Svozil Pdf
Recent findings in the computer sciences, discrete mathematics, formal logics and metamathematics have opened up a royal road for the investigation of undecidability and randomness in physics. A translation of these formal concepts yields a fresh look into diverse features of physical modelling such as quantum complementarity and the measurement problem, but also stipulates questions related to the necessity of the assumption of continua.Conversely, any computer may be perceived as a physical system: not only in the immediate sense of the physical properties of its hardware. Computers are a medium to virtual realities. The foreseeable importance of such virtual realities stimulates the investigation of an ?inner description?, a ?virtual physics? of these universes of computation. Indeed, one may consider our own universe as just one particular realisation of an enormous number of virtual realities, most of them awaiting discovery.One motive of this book is the recognition that what is often referred to as ?randomness? in physics might actually be a signature of undecidability for systems whose evolution is computable on a step-by-step basis. To give a flavour of the type of questions envisaged: Consider an arbitrary algorithmic system which is computable on a step-by-step basis. Then it is in general impossible to specify a second algorithmic procedure, including itself, which, by experimental input-output analysis, is capable of finding the deterministic law of the first system. But even if such a law is specified beforehand, it is in general impossible to predict the system behaviour in the ?distant future?. In other words: no ?speedup? or ?computational shortcut? is available. In this approach, classical paradoxes can be formally translated into no-go theorems concerning intrinsic physical perception.It is suggested that complementarity can be modelled by experiments on finite automata, where measurements of one observable of the automaton destroys the possibility to measure another observable of the same automaton and it vice versa.Besides undecidability, a great part of the book is dedicated to a formal definition of randomness and entropy measures based on algorithmic information theory.
