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Facilitating Trade through Regulatory Cooperation The Case of the WTO's TBT/SPS Agreements and Committees by OECD,World Trade Organization Pdf
This publication highlights how the WTO’s Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the work of their related Committees promote opportunities for regulatory cooperation among governments and ease trade frictions. It demonstrates how members’ notification of draft measures, harmonisation of measures with international standards, discussion of specific trade concerns and other practices help to facilitate global trade in goods. The study also makes recommendations on how to benefit further from the transparency and cooperation opportunities provided by the TBT and SPS Agreements.
Facilitating Trade Through Regulatory Cooperation by Anonim Pdf
The WTO plays an important role in supporting efforts to achieve international regulatory cooperation (IRC) and to facilitate trade. First, the WTO provides a multilateral framework for trade among its 164 members, with a view to ensuring that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. Second, the WTO’s Agreements provide important legal disciplines, helping to promote good regulatory practice and IRC at the domestic level as a means of reducing unnecessary barriers to trade. This publication highlights how the WTO’s Agreements on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) and the work of their related Committees promote opportunities for regulatory cooperation among governments and ease trade frictions. It demonstrates how members’ notification of draft measures, harmonisation of measures with international standards, discussion of specific trade concerns and other practices help to facilitate global trade in goods. The study also makes recommendations on how to benefit further from the transparency and cooperation opportunities provided by the TBT and SPS Agreements.
Regulatory Cooperation, Aid for Trade and the General Agreement on Trade in Services by Aaditya Mattoo Pdf
This paper discusses what could be done to expand services trade and investment through a multilateral agreement in the World Trade Organization. A distinction is made between market access liberalization and the regulatory preconditions for benefiting from market opening. The authors argue that prospects for multilateral services liberalization would be enhanced by making national treatment the objective of World Trade Organization services negotiations, thereby clarifying the scope of World Trade Organization commitments for regulators. Moreover, liberalization by smaller and poorer members of the World Trade Organization would be facilitated by complementary actions to strengthen regulatory capacity. If pursued as part of the operationalization of the World Trade Organization's 2006 Aid for Trade taskforce report, the World Trade Organization could become more relevant in promoting not just services liberalization but, more importantly, domestic reforms of services policies.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Author : Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Publisher : Organization for Economic Co-Operation & Development Page : 0 pages File Size : 48,8 Mb Release : 2017 Category : International cooperation ISBN : 9264275932
International Regulatory Co-operation and Trade by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Pdf
Regulatory differences across jurisdictions can be costly for traders. While these costs may reflect variations in domestic conditions and preferences, they may also be the result of rule-making processes working in isolation and of a lack of consideration for the international environment. Thus, some of the trade costs of regulatory divergence may be avoided without compromising the quality of regulatory protection. Building on lessons learnt from OECD analytical work and the experiences of OECD countries in regulatory policy and trade, this report proposes a definition of trade costs of regulatory divergence and analyses various approaches to addressing them, including unilateral, bilateral and multilateral approaches. It focuses on the contribution of good regulatory practices, the adoption of international standards, and the use of cross-border recognition frameworks and trade agreements. Based on this, the report provides indications for policy makers on how to reduce trade costs through international regulatory co-operation.
Deep Trade Agreements by Nadia Rocha,Michele Ruta Pdf
Globally, greater integration in international trade and global value chains (GVCs) has been linked to increased GDP per capita and productivity. Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries have displayed limited trade openness and weak integration into GVCs. Their trade is roughly one-third of GDP on average, compared with one-half in countries in Europe and Central Asia, as well as East Asia and the Pacific—and that share has not grown since 2000. Although the gaps between potential and actual GVC integration are the result of economic fundamentals—such as geography, market size, institutions, and factor endowments—policy choices matter as well. The region has untapped potential in trade and GVCs to grow in the wake of COVID-19 (coronavirus). Deep trade agreements are reciprocal agreements between countries that seek integration of goods, services, and factors’ markets, or deep integration. Drawing on new data and evidence, Deep Trade Agreements: Anchoring Global Value Chains in Latin America and the Caribbean shows that these agreements can drive policy reforms that can help the region overcome some of its disadvantageous fundamentals. Four areas of deep integration—trade facilitation, regulatory cooperation, services, and state support—are priorities to improve the participation of countries in the region in GVC: 1. Facilitating trade can reduce border delays and ease the challenges caused by the remoteness of some countries. 2. Improving regulatory cooperation can help create larger regional markets by reducing the costs of nontariff measures. 3. Opening the service economy can compensate for factor endowment scarcity and facilitate access to skills and technology. 4. Fostering competition and regulating state support and state-owned enterprises can improve the quality of economic institutions. These areas are increasingly important as global trade tensions persist and economies recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. In these times of uncertainty and upheaval, the policy commitments in deep trade agreements can create a more stable institutional environment to promote the ability of countries to participate in GVCs and to reap the benefits of integration. This work is a product of the regional studies program sponsored by the Latin America and the Caribbean Chief Economist’s Office.
Trade Facilitation and the Global Economy by OECD Pdf
This report discusses the benefits of trade facilitation - meant to promote transparent, predictable and straightforward border procedures so as to expedite the movement of goods. The OECD Trade Facilitation indicators provide a powerful tool for assessing the impact of related reforms and moni
Borders Without Barriers by Marwa Abdou,Ronald Antonio Butiong,Utsav Kumar Pdf
This book presents an analysis of the state of trade facilitation in member countries of the South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation (SASEC) program. It includes country-level studies and identifies four common trade facilitation priorities among SASEC countries: (i) implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement and other international conventions; (ii) logistics and infrastructure development, and related regulatory reforms; (iii) coordinated border management; and (iv) institutions and capacity building.
Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements by Aaditya Mattoo,Nadia Rocha,Michele Ruta Pdf
Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Domestic Regulation and Service Trade Liberalization by Pierre Sauve,Aaditya Mattoo Pdf
Trade in services, far more than trade in goods, is affected by a variety of domestic regulations, ranging from qualification and licensing requirements in professional services to pro-competitive regulation in telecommunications services. Experience shows that the quality of regulation strongly influences the consequences of trade liberalization. WTO members have agreed that a central task in the ongoing services negotiations will be to develop a set of rules to ensure that domestic regulations support rather than impede trade liberalization. Since these rules are bound to have a profound impact on the evolution of policy, particularly in developing countries, it is important that they be conducive to economically rational policy-making. This book addresses two central questions: What impact can international trade rules on services have on the exercise of domestic regulatory sovereignty? And how can services negotiations be harnessed to promote and consolidate domestic policy reform across highly diverse sectors? The book, with contributions from several of the world's leading experts in the field, explores a range of rule-making challenges arising at this policy interface, in areas such as transparency, standards and the adoption of a necessity test for services trade. Contributions also provide an in-depth look at these issues in the key areas of accountancy, energy, finance, health, telecommunications and transportation services.
Aid for Trade at a Glance 2019 Economic Diversification and Empowerment by OECD,World Trade Organization Pdf
This edition analyses how trade can contribute to economic diversification and empowerment, with a focus on eliminating extreme poverty, particularly through the effective participation of women and youth. It shows how aid for trade can contribute to that objective by addressing supply-side capacity and trade-related infrastructure constraints, including for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises notably in rural areas.
Artificial Intelligence and International Economic Law by Shin-yi Peng,Ching-Fu Lin,Thomas Streinz Pdf
Examines the interplay between artificial intelligence and international economic law, and its effects on global economic order. This title is also available as Open Access.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Mutual Recognition Agreements and Reliance in the Regulation of Medicines
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Mutual Recognition Agreements and Reliance in the Regulation of Medicines Publisher : National Academies Press Page : 169 pages File Size : 47,9 Mb Release : 2020-04-25 Category : Medical ISBN : 9780309498630
Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Health and Medicine Division,Board on Global Health,Committee on Mutual Recognition Agreements and Reliance in the Regulation of Medicines Pdf
Globalization is rapidly changing lives and industries around the world. Drug development, authorization, and regulatory supervision have become international endeavors, with most medicines becoming global commodities. Drug companies utilize global supply chains that often include facilities in countries with inconsistent regulations from those of the United States, perform pivotal trials in multiple countries to support registration submissions in various jurisdictions, and subsequently market their medicines throughout most of the world. These companies operate across borders and require individual national regulators to ensure that drugs authorized for use in their countries are safe and effective, and appropriate for their health care system and their population. This process involves significant resources and often duplicative work. It is important to consider how this process can be improved in order to better allocate resources, time, and efforts to improve public health. Regulating Medicines in a Globalized World: The Need for Increased Reliance Among Regulators considers the role of mutual recognition and other reliance activities among regulators in contributing to enhancing public health. This report identifies opportunities for leveraging reliance activities more broadly in order to potentially impact public health globally. Key topics in this report include the job of medicines regulators in today's world, what policy makers need to know about today's regulatory environment, stakeholder views of recognition and reliance, as well as removing impediments and facilitating action for greater recognition and reliance among regulatory authorities.
Positive Integration - EU and WTO Approaches Towards the "Trade and" Debate by Rike Krämer-Hoppe Pdf
This book presents a new framework for the 'trade and environment' debate and discusses the ways in which the EU and the WTO address this topic: positive, negative and non-integration. It analyses areas like food safety and renewable energy from the perspectives of legal and political science, and economics, and includes contributions focusing on various approaches, such as harmonisation, regulatory cooperation and judicialisation. In the 21st century, especially in our current times, where free trade and economic integration are increasingly being called into question, it is even more vital to find convincing normative answers and ways to address the very complex relationship between trade and environmental policies. Debunking some of the myths concerning positive and negative integration and the relationship between the two, this book is a valuable contribution to the debate on globalisation.
