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Author : United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Finance
ISBN : OCLC:29200834
Author : United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 54,5 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Finance
ISBN : MINN:30000010648628
Author : United States. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1967
Category : Electronic
ISBN : STANFORD:36105127901101
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : STANFORD:36105127370687
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 106 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Federal aid to water quality management
ISBN : UCSD:31822005055504
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Water
ISBN : UCR:31210025015114
Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 41,8 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781428949997
U.S. drinking water and wastewater systems encompass thousands of treatment facilities, collection facilities, and related works, and well over a million miles of pipes and conduits. While the investment, made over decades, in these facilities is enormous, even more funds will be needed in the future to support efforts to maintain clean and safe water. The estimated cost of the investments needed to repair, replace, or upgrade aging facilities, accommodate the nation's growing population, and meet new water quality standards ranges from $300 billion to $1 trillion over the next 20 years, according to various estimates.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 45 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Federal aid to water resources development
ISBN : OCLC:424379854
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has estimated that a potential gap between future needs and current spending for wastewater infrastructure of $150 billion to $400 billion could occur over the next decade. A number of entities are involved in planning, financing, building, and operating this infrastructure. Some of these stakeholders have suggested a variety of approaches to bridge this potential gap. One such proposal is to establish a clean water trust fund. In this context, GAO was asked to (1) obtain stakeholders' views on the issues that would need to be addressed in designing and establishing a clean water trust fund and (2) identify and describe potential options that could generate about $10 billion in revenue to support a clean water trust fund. In conducting this review, GAO administered a questionnaire to 28 national organizations representing the wastewater and drinking water industries, state and local governments, engineers, and environmental groups and received 22 responses; reviewed proposals and industry papers; interviewed federal, state, local, and industry officials; and used the most current data available to estimate the revenue that could potentially be raised by various taxes on a range of products and activities. GAO is not making any recommendations. While this report identifies a number of funding options, GAO is not endorsing any option and does not have a position on whether or not a trust fund should be established. In designing and establishing a clean water trust fund, stakeholders identified three main issues that would need to be addressed: how a trust fund should be administered and used; what type of financial assistance should be provided; and what activities should be eligible to receive funding from a trust fund. While a majority of stakeholders said that a trust fund should be administered through an EPA partnership with the states, they differed in their views on how a trust fund should be used. About a third of stakeholders responded that a trust fund should be used only to fund the existing Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF), which is currently funded primarily through federal appropriations, while a few said it should support only a new and separate wastewater program. A few stakeholders supported using a trust fund to support both the CWSRF and a separate program, while others did not support the establishment of a trust fund at all. In addition, more than half of the stakeholders responded that financial assistance should be distributed using a combination of loans and grants to address the needs of different localities. Finally, although a variety of activities could be funded, most stakeholders identified capital projects as the primary activity that should receive funding from a clean water trust fund. A number of options have been proposed in the past to generate revenue for a clean water trust fund, but several obstacles will have to be overcome in implementing these options, and it may be difficult to generate $10 billion from any one option by itself. Funding options include a variety of excise taxes. In addition, Congress could levy a tax on corporate income. An additional 0.1 percent corporate income tax could raise about $1.4 billion annually. Congress also could levy a water use tax. A tax of 0.01 cent per gallon could raise about $1.3 billion annually. Regardless of the options selected, certain implementation obstacles will have to be overcome. These include defining the products or activities to be taxed, establishing a collection and enforcement framework, and obtaining stakeholder support for a particular option or mix of options.
Author : Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2014-12-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1505875145
The principal federal program to aid municipal wastewater treatment plant construction is authorized in the Clean Water Act (CWA). Established as a grant program in 1972, it now capitalizes state loan programs. Authorizations since 1972 have totaled $65 billion, while appropriations have totaled nearly $90 billion. It has represented 25%-30% of total funds appropriated to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in recent years. In appropriations legislation, funding for EPA wastewater assistance is contained in the measure providing funds for the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, which includes EPA. Within the portion of that bill which funds EPA, wastewater treatment assistance is specified in an account now called State and Tribal Assistance Grants (STAG). Three trends in the funding of this account are most prominent: inclusion of non-infrastructure environmental grants to states, beginning in FY1993; increasing number and amount of special purpose grants since FY1989; and the addition of grant assistance for drinking water treatment projects in FY1997. This report summarizes, in chronological order, congressional activity to fund items in this account since 1987. Prior to the 1987 amendments, wastewater treatment assistance was provided in the form of grants made to municipalities. The federal share of project costs was generally 55%; state and local governments were responsible for the remaining 45%. The 1987 amendments altered this arrangement by replacing the traditional grant program with one that provides federal grants to capitalize state clean water loan programs, or state revolving funds (SRFs). Appropriations for the clean water SRF program through FY2015 have totaled more than $40 billion. As a general matter, states and cities support the program changes made by the 1987 amendments and the shift to a loan program that was intended to provide long-term funding for water quality and wastewater construction activities. However, the change means that local communities now are responsible for 100% of project costs, rather than 45%, because they are required to repay loans to states. The greater financial burden of the act's loan program on some cities has caused some to seek continued grant funding. This has been particularly evident in the appropriations process where, in recent years, Congress has reserved as much as 30% of funds in the STAG account for special purpose grants directed to specified communities. Since FY2000, appropriators have awarded earmarks to a larger total number of projects, resulting in more communities receiving such grants, but at the same time receiving smaller amounts of funds, on average. Most of the funded projects are not authorized in the Clean Water Act or the Safe Drinking Water Act. State water quality officials, state infrastructure financing officials, and EPA have objected to this practice, since it reduces the amount of funding for state SRF programs. Since FY1997, the STAG account also has been used to fund a drinking water SRF program established by Congress in 1996. Appropriations for the drinking water SRF program through FY2015 have totaled $19.1 billion.
Author : United States. Office of Management and Budget
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1708 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
ISBN : UOM:39015046737550
Identifies and describes specific government assistance opportunities such as loans, grants, counseling, and procurement contracts available under many agencies and programs.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Office of Management and Budget. Executive Office of the President
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 1886 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Economic assistance, Domestic
ISBN : 0160944198
Identifies and describes specific government assistance opportunities such as loans, grants, counseling, and procurement contracts available under many agencies and programs.
Author : Amanda M. Klasing
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 90 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Drinking water
ISBN : 1623133637
"The report, 'Make It Safe: Canada's Obligation to End the First Nations Water Crisis,' documents the impacts of serious and prolonged drinking water and sanitation problems for thousands of indigenous people--known as "First Nations"--living on reserves. It assesses why there are problems with safe water and sanitation on reserves, including a lack of binding water quality regulations, erratic and insufficient funding, faulty or sub-standard infrastructure, and degraded source waters. The federal government's own audits over two decades show a pattern of overpromising and underperforming on water and sanitation for reserves"--Publisher's description.
Author : U S Government Accountability Office (G,U. S. Government Accountability Office (
Publisher : BiblioGov
Page : 50 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2013-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1289065160
U.S. drinking water and wastewater systems encompass thousands of treatment and collection facilities and more than a million miles of pipes and conduits. The estimated cost to repair, replace, or upgrade aging facilities; accommodate the nation's growing population; and meet new water quality standards ranges from $300 billion to $1 trillion over the next 20 years. Although user rates are the major source of facilities' financing, federal and state government agencies also offer financial support. From fiscal years 1991 through 2000, nine federal agencies provided $44 billion for drinking water and wastewater capital improvements. Four agencies--the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Housing and Urban Development, and Commerce--accounted for about 98 percent of that account. State governments made $25 billion available for water infrastructure programs during the past 10 years.
Author : Barry Leonard
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 1712 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1999-06
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9780788183089
Contains 1,412 assistance programs administered by 57 Federal agencies in agriculture, crime control, education, employment and training, health and human services, housing and homeownership, and science and technology. Chapters: how to use the catalog; agency summary; agency programs; alpha. index of programs; applicant eligibility; deadlines index; functional index; subject index; deleted and added programs; crosswalk of changes to program numbers and titles; program descriptions: programs requiring executive order 12372 review; authorization appendix; agency addresses; sources of additional info.; and developing and writing grant proposals.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Environmental Protection
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Federal aid to water quality management
ISBN : UCAL:B5131561