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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Political Science
ISBN : LOC:00173284615
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 100 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Political Science
ISBN : PURD:32754065532370
Author : Timothy J. Conlan
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Central-local government relations
ISBN : STANFORD:36105064167005
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations Subcommittee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Political Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105063270024
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.
Author : United States. Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 41,6 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Fiscal policy
ISBN : MINN:31951P00946629M
Author : David R. Berman
Publisher : M.E. Sharpe
Page : 244 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2003-02-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0765632136
This book offers an overview of the legal, political, and broad intergovernmental environment in which relations between local and state units of government take place, the historical roots of the conflict among them, and an analysis of contemporary problems concerning local authority, local revenues, state interventions and takeovers, and the restructuring of local governments. The author pays special attention to local governmental autonomy and the goals and activities of local officials as they seek to secure resources, fend off regulations and interventions, and fight for survival as independent units. He looks at the intergovernmental struggle from the bottom up, but in the process examines a variety of political activities at the state level and the development and effects of several state policies. Berman finds considerable reason to be concerned about the viability and future of meaningful local government.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2015-02-06
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1508601992
The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) culminated years of effort by state and local government officials and business interests to control, if not eliminate, the imposition of unfunded intergovernmental and private-sector federal mandates. Advocates argued the statute was needed to forestall federal legislation and regulations that imposed obligations on state and local governments or businesses that resulted in higher costs and inefficiencies. Opponents argued that federal mandates may be necessary to achieve national objectives in areas where voluntary action by state and local governments and business failed to achieve desired results. UMRA provides a framework for the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) to estimate the direct costs of mandates in legislative proposals to state and local governments and to the private sector, and for issuing agencies to estimate the direct costs of mandates in proposed regulations to regulated entities. Aside from these informational requirements, UMRA controls the imposition of mandates only through a procedural mechanism allowing Congress to decline to consider unfunded intergovernmental mandates in proposed legislation if they are estimated to cost more than specified threshold amounts. UMRA applies to any provision in legislation, statute, or regulation that would impose an enforceable duty upon state and local governments or the private sector. It does not apply to conditions of federal assistance; duties stemming from participation in voluntary federal programs; rules issued by independent regulatory agencies; rules issued without a general notice of proposed rulemaking; and rules and legislative provisions that cover individual constitutional rights, discrimination, emergency assistance, grant accounting and auditing procedures, national security, treaty obligations, and certain elements of Social Security. State and local government officials argue that UMRA's coverage should be broadened, with special consideration given to including conditions of federal financial assistance. During the 114th Congress, H.R. 50, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2015, which was passed by the House on February 4, 2015, and its companion bill in the Senate, S. 189, would broaden UMRA's coverage to include both direct and indirect costs, such as foregone profits and costs passed onto consumers, and, when requested by the chair or ranking Member of a committee, the prospective costs of legislation that would change conditions of federal financial assistance. The bills also would make private-sector mandates subject to a substantive point of order and remove UMRA's exemption for rules issued by most independent agencies. The House passed similar legislation during the 112th Congress (H.R. 4078, the Red Tape Reduction and Small Business Job Creation Act: Title IV, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2012) and the 113th Congress (H.R. 899, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2014, and H.R. 4, the Jobs for America Act: Division III, the Unfunded Mandates Information and Transparency Act of 2014). This report examines debates over what constitutes an unfunded federal mandate and UMRA's implementation. It focuses on UMRA's requirement that CBO issue written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in legislation, its procedures for raising points of order in the House and Senate concerning unfunded federal mandates in legislation, and its requirement that federal agencies prepare written cost estimate statements for federal mandates in rules. It also assesses UMRA's impact on federal mandates and arguments concerning UMRA's future, focusing on UMRA's definitions, exclusions, and exceptions that currently exempt many federal actions with potentially significant financial impacts on nonfederal entities.
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UVA:X002671080
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 176 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Political Science
ISBN : LOC:00172111051
Author : DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 98 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1995-10-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0788123912
Identifies 391 State and federal mandates on local governments, 29 of which have been implemented since 1991. Areas most affected by mandates are health and human services, education, and public works. While primarily for Virginia governments, many Federal mandates are included.
Author : Paul L. Posner
Publisher : Georgetown University Press
Page : 263 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780878407095
This book is the first comprehensive analysis of the politics behind the use of mandates requiring state and local governments to implement federal policy. Over the last twenty-five years, during both liberal and conservative eras, federal mandates have emerged as a resilient tool for advancing the interests of both political parties. Revealing the politics that led to the policies, Paul L. Posner explores the origins of these congressional mandates, what interests and needs they satisfy, whether mandate reform initiatives can be expected to alter their use, and their implications for federalism. This book reveals how mandates have changed the way policy is formed in the United States and the fundamental relationship between the federal government and the state and local governments.
Author : National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Review of the Food and Drug Administration's Role in Ensuring Safe Food
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 589 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010-11-04
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309163583
Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.
Author : DIANE Publishing Company
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 53 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2024-07-03
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0788115839
Develops a new concept of federally induced costs. The purpose of this concept is to explore more completely the fiscal dimensions of federal actions affecting state and local governments without the pejorative connotations associated with the term "mandates." Also explored are 9 ways in which the federal government assists state and local governments, which can be thought of as an offset to induced costs. 19 charts, tables and graphs.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Governmental Affairs. Subcommittee on Intergovernmental Relations
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 1980
Category : Intergovernmental fiscal relations
ISBN : SRLF:AA0000803296
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Budget
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Political Science
ISBN : UVA:X002639289
Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche.