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Author : Anonim
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 88 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : 142232494X
Author : National Research Council,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Institute of Medicine,Committee on Criteria for Federal Support of Research and Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 107 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1995-11-22
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309176002
The United States faces a new challengeâ€"maintaining the vitality of its system for supporting science and technology despite fiscal stringency during the next several years. To address this change, the Senate Appropriations Committee requested a report from the National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Medicine to address "the criteria that should be used in judging the appropriate allocation of funds to research and development activities; to examine the appropriate balance among different types of institutions that conduct such research; and to look at the means of assuring continued objectivity in the allocation process." In this eagerly-awaited book, a committee of experts selected by the National Academies and the Institute responds with 13 recommendations that propose a new budgeting process and formulates a series of questions to address during that process. The committee also makes corollary recommendations about merit review, government oversight, linking research and development to government missions, the synergy between research and education, and other topics. The recommendations are aimed at rooting out obsolete and inadequate activities to free resources from good programs for even better ones, in the belief that "science and technology will be at least as important in the future as they have been in the past in dealing with problems that confront the nation." The authoring committee of this book was chaired by Frank Press, former President of the National Academy of Sciences (1981-1993) and Presidential Science and Technology Advisor (1977-1981).
Author : Sheila Marie Campbell
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : PURD:32754075492003
This Congressional Budget Office (CBO) study, prepared at the request of the Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on the Budget, examines recent trends in federal support for research and development and the current state of knowledge about the economic effects of that support. Private businesses are the largest sponsors of research and development (R & D) in the United States; however, the federal government has long provided significant support for R & D activities to both supplement and encourage private efforts. The government finances research and development through spending and tax benefits that give businesses an incentive to increase their R & D spending. This study addresses questions such as whether the current level of spending is appropriate, what returns taxpayers receive for public investment in R & D, and whether funds are allocated to areas of inquiry and projects that will provide the highest return on that investment.--Preface.
Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Science Resources Studies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 112 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1960
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : MSU:31293024830675
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Modernizing the Infrastructure of the National Science Foundation Federal Funds Survey
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 121 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2010-01-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780309150620
Two surveys of the National Science Foundation's Division of Science Resources Statistics (SRS) provide some of the most significant data available to understand research and development spending and policy in the United States. These are the Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development and the Survey of Federal Science and Engineering Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions. These surveys help reach conclusions about fundamental policy questions, such as whether a given field of research is adequately funded, whether funding is balanced among fields, and whether deficiencies in funding may be contributing to a loss of U.S. scientific or economic competitiveness. However, the survey data are of insufficient quality and timeliness to support many of the demands put on them. In addition the surveys are increasingly difficult to conduct in times of constrained resources, and their technological, procedural, and conceptual infrastructure has not been modernized for procedure or content. Data on Federal Research and Development Investments reviews the uses and collection of data on federal funds and federal support for science and technology and recommends future directions for the program based on an assessment of these uses and the adequacy of the surveys. The book also considers the classification structure, or taxonomy, for the fields of science and engineering.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 432 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 1979
Category : Research
ISBN : UCSD:31822009506650
Author : National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1999-02-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309062787
The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
Author : John F. Sargent
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 49 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2010-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781437931259
Contents: (1) Overview; (2) Federal R&D Funding Perspectives: Agency Perspective; Character of Work, Facilities, and Equipment Perspective; Combined Perspective; (3) Multiagency R&D Initiatives Perspective: Multiagency R&D Initiatives; National Nanotechnology Initiative; Networking and Information Technology Research and Development Program; U.S. Global Change Research Program; (4) DoD; (5) DHS; (6) NIH; (7) DoE; (8) NSF; (9) Dept. of Commerce: NIST, NOAA; (10) NASA; (11) USDA; (12) Dept. of the Interior; (13) EPA; and (14) DoT. Charts and tables.
Author : Tibor R. Machan
Publisher : Hoover Press
Page : 140 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2013-11-01
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780817929466
The contributors to this volume explore the implications of government funding of scientific research and offer alternatives to the heavy reliance on government support that research and development (R&D) currently enjoys. Each author squarely confronts the problems arising from the idea that government funding of R&D is and ought to be the norm.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Fredericton, N.B. : Maritime Provinces Higher Education Commission
Page : 166 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2005
Category : Education, Higher
ISBN : IND:30000116375969
This publication updates research funding statistics presented in the 2000 Report on post-secondary research trends in Atlantic Canada and reaches beyond these statistics by examining some of the reasons why Atlantic Canada faces challenges in working with the national research & development (R & D) environment. It begins with an overview of Atlantic Canada's post-secondary environment in relation to the rest of Canada and provides background to understanding the research funding trends reported in later chapters. Chapter 2 first looks at Canada's R & D expenditures within the international context, then analyzes many of the research funding statistics presented in the 2000 report. In chapter 3, the publication turns to federal government funding of university research through an analysis of the federal research funding environment, with specific attention to funding provided to universities through the three national granting councils. Chapter 4 builds on the previous analyses by focussing directly on three of the government's newest research initiatives: the Canada Research Chairs Program, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, and the Indirect Costs Program. Chapter 5 examines Atlantic Canada's regional funding initiative, the Atlantic Innovation Fund, as well as the provincial R & D strategies & funding mechanisms developed since the 2000 report. The final chapter draws conclusions from the data provided in order to encourage critical reflection on the role of the region's universities.
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Policy and Global Affairs,Board on Higher Education and Workforce,Committee on Science, Technology, and Law,Committee on Federal Research Regulations and Reporting Requirements: A New Framework for Research Universities in the 21st Century
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 283 pages
File Size : 47,8 Mb
Release : 2016-06-29
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309379519
Research universities are critical contributors to our national research enterprise. They are the principal source of a world-class labor force and fundamental discoveries that enhance our lives and the lives of others around the world. These institutions help to create an educated citizenry capable of making informed and crucial choices as participants in a democratic society. However many are concerned that the unintended cumulative effect of federal regulations undercuts the productivity of the research enterprise and diminishes the return on the federal investment in research. Optimizing the Nation's Investment in Academic Research reviews the regulatory framework as it currently exists, considers specific regulations that have placed undue and often unanticipated burdens on the research enterprise, and reassesses the process by which these regulations are created, reviewed, and retired. This review is critical to strengthen the partnership between the federal government and research institutions, to maximize the creation of new knowledge and products, to provide for the effective training and education of the next generation of scholars and workers, and to optimize the return on the federal investment in research for the benefit of the American people.
Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 72 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 1978
Category : Budget
ISBN : OSU:32435021279179
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Team Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309316859
The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.
Author : Louis Schorsch
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : PURD:32754074128020
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 116 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Endowment of research
ISBN : MINN:319510030781960