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Author : Dana G. Dalrymple
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 80 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1975
Category : Agricultural assistance, American
ISBN : UOM:39015009158133
Author : Gene T. Harris
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 136 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Agricultural Subsidies
ISBN : CORNELL:31924050296486
Author : Muhammad Ghulam Quibria
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 1987
Category : Agricultural productivity
ISBN : UCSD:31822005171350
Author : Kurdi, Sikandra,Mahmoud, Mai,Abay, Kibrom A.,Breisinger, Clemens
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 24 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2020-03-12
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
As part of a national policy to ensure a certain level of food self-sufficiency in strategic crops, the government of Egypt subsidizes nitrogen fertilizer directly by distributing quotas of subsidized fertilizers to farmers and indirectly by subsidizing natural gas used by local fertilizer factories. The implication of this subsidy on farmers’ fertilizer demand and productivity remains unknown. Using a detailed agricultural survey collected from smallholder farmers in Upper Egypt, we show that nitrogen fertilizer application rates are substantially in excess of crop-specific agronomic recommendations. We exploit eligibility criteria and other sources of variation to show that farm plots with easier access to the subsidy tend to use more subsidized nitrogen fertilizer and less phosphate fertilizer. Easier access to the subsidy increases use of total nitrogen fertilizer per unit of land, mainly because of the increase in subsidized nitrogen fertilizer. In particular, the fertilizer subsidy program in Egypt is associated with significant overapplication of nitrogen fertilizer. Such overapplication of fertilizer is expected to adversely affect soil, water, and environmental health. Our findings have important policy implications for Egypt and other African countries known for input subsidy programs. As Egypt is currently moving on from the successful implementation of a comprehensive macroeconomic reform program towards sector-level reforms, our results suggest that eliminating fertilizer subsidies is a good place to start.
Author : Ephraim Chirwa,Andrew Dorward
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2013-09-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199683529
This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.
Author : Lenis Saweda Liverpool-Tasie,Sheu Salau
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2013-04-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Though there is increasing evidence of the availability and potential of new agricultural technologies in Africa south of the Sahara, effective demand for them is still low. A recent refocus on increasing farmers use of modern technologies such as improved seed and chemical fertilizer has led to a resurgence of input subsidies for these products in many developing countries. One popular mechanism currently in use is input vouchers. Targeted input vouchers are intended to simultaneously improve the targeting of subsidies and develop demand in private markets. While there is growing evidence of the impact of targeted subsidies on private input demand, as far as we are aware no empirical studies have examined the spillover effects of targeted subsidies for just one input on the use of other complementary inputs with which there is low substitutability. Consequently, this study begins to fill this gap by exploring the effect of increasing access to subsidized fertilizer on farmers use of improved seed in Nigeria. Using a control function approach within a limited dependent variable framework, we explore the effect of receiving subsidized fertilizer on a farmers likelihood of using improved seed. The study finds evidence that increased access to subsidized fertilizer increased the likelihood of farmers using improved seed in Kano, Nigeria. This indicates that farmers are re-optimizing their use of other inputs in response to increasing availability of one input. This complicates the ability to isolate the returns to any one input when evaluating programs targeted at just one input. Our results were robust to various model specifications and indicate that there is a clear link between farmers use of improved seed and fertilizer in Kano, which could be leveraged in the development of input subsidy programs across Africa south of the Sahara.
Author : Edilberto L. Segura
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 1986
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : STANFORD:36105040346996
This paper focusses on the setting of ex-factory prices for the producers of fertilizers in the developing world. Regardless of whether prices are determined by the free market or by an official agency, to be economically optimal they should perform several objectives: (1) the provision of stimulus to mobilize and allocate adequate resources for fertilizer capacity expansion; (2) encouragement of the optimal choice of process, effective control of feedstock and other operating costs; (3) satisfactory levels of capacity utilization; and (3) where necessary, closure of obsolete, high cost plants. Most developing countries set prices by: (1) reference to the estimated costs of domestic producers; or (2) reference to international market prices. The strengths and weaknesses of alternative approaches are evaluated and practical recommendations made on improving incentives for efficiency in the sector.
Author : World Bank. Agriculture and Rural Development Department. Research Unit,Haim Shalit,Hans P. Binswanger
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 1984
Category : Fertilizer subsidies
ISBN : OCLC:248990614
Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 78 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Agriculture and state
ISBN : PURD:32754063449965
Author : Vidya Sagar
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 188 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Agricultural subsidies
ISBN : UOM:39015032815733
Articles, chiefly related to the Indian scene.
Author : Houssou, Nazaire,Andam, Kwaw S,Collins, Asante-Addo
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 36 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2017-02-10
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
Despite improvements to the implementation regime of Ghana’s fertilizer subsidy program, this paper shows that considerable challenges remain in ensuring that the subsidy is targeted to farmers who need fertilizer the most. Currently, larger-scale and wealthier farmers are the main beneficiaries of subsidized fertilizer even though the stated goal is to target smallholder farmers with fertilizer subsidies. The experience of other African countries suggests that the effectiveness of fertilizer subsidies can improve with effective targeting of resource-poor smallholders. However, targeting smallholder farmers entails significant transaction costs and may even be infeasible in some cases. Faced with such challenges, Ghanaian policy makers must ponder the question of how to improve the targeting of input subsidy programs in the country. Further research is needed to identify more cost-effective approaches for achieving the goal of targeting.
Author : Houssou, Nazaire,Asante-Addo, Collins,Andam, Kwaw S.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2017-03-17
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
This paper assesses whether fertilizer subsidy programs can be better targeted to resource-poor farmers using the case of Ghana and proxy means test approaches. Past fertilizer subsidy programs in the country have not been particularly targeted to the poor, even as targeting poor and smallholder farmers has become key in the program implementation guidelines. As a result, many poor farmers have not benefited from past programs. Our results show that targeting approaches based on proxy means tests that use the correlates of poverty to select beneficiary farmers can potentially improve the poverty outreach and costeffectiveness of Ghana’s fertilizer subsidy programs. Therefore, we propose that the proxy means test approach should be considered for implementing Ghana’s fertilizer subsidy programs, first in a pilot project involving a few communities, and later, if found successful, in a full-scale program.
Author : Balu L. Bumb,Carlos A. Baanante
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 1996-01-01
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9780896296244
In this discussion paper [the authors] review past trends in fertilizer use, estimate future needs, and assess technical and policy measures for dealing with environmental and energy concerns related to fertilizer use
Author : John Baffes,Jacob Meerman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Agricultura
ISBN : 8210379456XXX
"In theory, moving from price-based subsidies for agriculture to less-distorted income support programs makes sense. In practice, income-support programs have many shortcomings, and developing countries may lack the support mechanisms needed to make them effective. Drawing on experience with direct income-support programs recently introduced in the European Union, Mexico, and the United States, Baffes and Meerman highlight problems that may arise when a developing economy's agricultural sector moves from price-based subsidies to income support programs."--World Bank.
Author : World Bank. Asia Technical Department,World Bank. Europe, Middle East, and North Africa Technical Department
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 132 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 1989
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : WISC:89030573380
This paper reviews the Bank's involvement in the fertilizer sector of developing countries to highlight the lessons that have been learned. Although the paper deals mostly with the supply and use of industrially based chemical fertilizers, it has benefitted from considerable internal debate by industrial and agricultural staff. It points out that Bank assistance at first consisted of helping finance and implement the construction of fertilizer plants, but lately the emphasis has shifted to ensuring better efficiency and reliability in getting this material to farmers at the lowest cost. It has major problems in many developing countries, such as excessive subsidies, suboptimal use of fertilizers, large administrative bureaucracies, and unprofitable factories. These problems are politically sensitive, but current World Bank work is helping to correct them, and this work needs to be publicized, and improved upon. The paper gives an overview of the global fertilizer industry, the needs for new investments, and the trends in trade, and technology. There is a review of the policy lessons being learned, and of past Bank activity. The paper closes with a review of some of the issues that need to be resolved, and recommends practical steps for international cooperation.