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Author : Frederic S. Mishkin,Tryggvi Þór Herbertsson
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Financial services industry
ISBN : 9979963573
Author : R. Aliber,G. Zoega
Publisher : Springer
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 2011-01-19
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780230307148
Iceland became one of the symbols of the global financial crisis. It provides an ideal test case for the perceptions of economists, in particular their ability to anticipate crises. The book contains papers and reports, written prior to the collapse of Iceland's financial system, about the economy. What did and didn't they see coming, and why?
Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 39 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2023-07-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400249457
Macroprudential policy in Iceland recently has centered on the property market, given the importance of this market for households’ balance sheets, banks’ loan portfolios, and the potential systemic risks. The authorities have proactively used property-related macroprudential tools to safeguard the stability of the financial system and to ensure financial prudence among borrowers. The Central Bank of Iceland (CBI) is the authority, with the macroprudential policy mandate.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 66 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2023-06-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400246128
Iceland has made solid progress since the 2008 crisis and the last FSAP update in restructuring banks and implementing important financial sector reforms. It has transposed many EU Directives and Regulations into national law, improving the regulatory, supervisory, and crisis management frameworks. Despite global headwinds, Iceland is exiting the pandemic with strong economic growth and highly capitalized banks. Rising inflation has prompted appropriate policy rate hikes, and macroprudential policies related to real estate exposures have been tightened. Payment systems are dependent on international connectivity of debit and credit card providers.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2001-06-12
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451819281
Iceland has implemented a broad-based program of financial liberalization and market reforms. Iceland's conduct of monetary and financial policies is highly transparent, which contributes in an important way to the stability and efficiency of the financial system. Both macroprudential and microprudential indicators suggest that the system may be vulnerable to a macroeconomic shock. The Icelandic financial system is vulnerable to market risk and credit risk. The government intends to use the results of the assessment to strengthen their operations and enhance improvements to the regulatory framework.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 38 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2008-12-08
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451819397
This paper presents an update on Iceland’s Financial System Stability Assessment. Liquidity ratios, while high, now depend more than before on access to central banks’ liquidity facilities because of the turmoil in global markets, and any reduction in such access would require changes in the banks' liquidity management strategy. Capital levels, although above minimum levels, are below the average of the five years and may not provide adequate buffers, in light of the deterioration in the global environment and market uncertainties about the strength of banks.
Author : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 23 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2016-06-22
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781498313551
This paper examines Iceland’s expenditure policy, especially five expenditure pressure points, as well as capital flows and monetary policy effectiveness in small open economies. The postcrisis fiscal adjustment demanded painful choices, with spending on healthcare, education, and investment suffering cuts in real terms. While expenditures in these areas have rebounded more recently, there is a room for further decompression. Using quarterly panel data for 18 advanced and emerging small open economies during 2002–15, it finds that monetary policy is focused on inflation developments, but also that domestic interest rates affect capital flows, raising concerns about a reinforcing loop between monetary policy and capital flows.
Author : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 53,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513570433
This paper discusses the recommendations of the Sixth Post-program Monitoring Discussions with Iceland. Iceland recently updated its capital account liberalization strategy. The strategy takes a staged approach, starting with steps to address the balance-of-payments overhang of the old bank estates—prioritizing a cooperative approach with incentives—in a manner consistent with maintaining stability. Growth is accelerating in 2015 and is expected to reach 4.1 percent, backed by significant investment, wage- and debt relief-fueled consumption, and booming tourism. The general government is projected to record a surplus of 0.8 percent of GDP in 2015, helped by large one-offs. Small deficits are also expected over 2016–20.
Author : Ásgeir Jónsson,Hersir Sigurgeirsson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 349 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2017-02-02
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781137394552
This book presents a detailed account of Iceland’s recovery from the tumultuous banking collapse that overturned its financial industry in 2008. Early chapters recount how Iceland’s central bank was unable to follow the quantitative easing policies of the time to print money and save the banks, while serving the world ́s smallest currency area. The book goes on to explore how the government exercised force majeure rights to implement emergency legislation aimed at preventing the “socialization of losses”. Later chapters investigate how, eight years later, these policies have yielded renewed growth and reinvigorated liquidity streams for the financial system. The authors argue that Iceland, long-called the ‘canary in the coal mine’ of the developed world, offers important lessons for the future. This book will be useful to all readers interested in better understanding the unique history of Iceland’s banking crisis and the phenomena of its recovery.
Author : International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 65 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781513591308
KEY ISSUES Iceland’s otherwise strong and stable economic position looks likely to be disrupted by significant wage hikes. Collective wage bargaining looks headed for economy-wide cumulative 3½-year nominal wage growth of 20–25 percent, along with fiscal measures costing ½ percent of GDP annually to help break an impasse between social partners. With a closed output gap and modest productivity gains, this would propel inflation well above the Central Bank of Iceland’s (CBI) 2.5 percent target, generate budget pressures, erode competitiveness, and slow capital account liberalization. A decisive policy response will be needed. Excess demand pressures will likely boost economic growth this year. Monetary policy tightening will be needed to bring inflation back down to target. Fiscal policy should be adjusted to reduce demand pressures, while staying on track to achieve debt reduction objectives. Fiscal adjustment plans will need to become more specific. The tighter policies are expected to pull inflation gradually toward the target and slow real GDP growth in 2016 and beyond. Iceland looks ready to finalize its updated capital account liberalization strategy. Considerable effort has been made to better understand the challenges, risks, and range of options for addressing Iceland’s still-significant balance of payments (BOP) overhang, estimated at 65–70 percent of GDP. The authorities look ready to proceed with an updated comprehensive, conditions-based liberalization strategy, while maintaining stability and giving emphasis to a cooperative approach with incentives. However, the pace of implementation, particularly for the real sector, may be slowed by macroeconomic volatility and erosion in competitiveness from large wage hikes. Efforts to strengthen core policy frameworks are broadly on track. Approval of an ambitious budget framework law (Organic Budget Law, or “OBL”) is expected soon. Important draft laws to bring financial sector safety nets in line with European Economic Area (EEA) standards and to strengthen the macroprudential policy framework are expected to be passed later this year. Critical efforts to strengthen financial supervision are continuing. Work to refine the monetary policy framework and the role of macroprudential policies is underway. A review of central bank legislation will continue later this year and should aim for an outcome consistent with maintaining independence and accountability. Final agreement on run-off of the loss-making Housing Financing Fund (HFF) and a successor strategy remains elusive.
Author : Throstur Olaf Sigurjonsson,David L. Schwarzkopf,Murray Bryant
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2018-08-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781787433472
This book examines the efforts of major Icelandic economic institutions to regain the public’s trust, 10 years after the financial crisis that ruined personal savings and fostered anger towards business and politics. The studies collected here provide insights into restoring relationships between communities and institutions.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 49,6 Mb
Release : 2003-08-29
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781451819274
The 2001 financial system stability assessment identified risks of financial sector instability, as rapid increases in foreign and domestic currency indebtedness, accumulating external imbalances, and inflation accompanied Iceland's expansion of the late 1990s. The insurance sector, composed of 15 domestic insurance companies including four life insurance companies and three larger companies that dominate the nonlife market, is the smallest sector in the financial system. The authorities monitor banks' long-term foreign exchange refunding needs and the outcomes of refunding operations.
Author : Mr.Audun Groenn,Ms.Maria Wallin Fredholm
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2013-12-16
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475598179
The aim of this empirical study is to describe and provide analysis on the experience of managing capital flows in Iceland and the Baltic countries. During the build-up of the crisis, there were shortcomings in macroeconomic policies and in the policy mix, as well as in financial supervision in the countries covered. While the use of traditional macroeconomic and structural policies was far from exhausted, recognizing that there are no substitutes for sound macroeconomic policies, with an IMF framework on capital flows in place prior to the crisis, it might have been easier for the IMF and national policymakers to identify accelerating problems at an early stage and address them with targeted measures.
Author : Philipp Bagus,David Howden
Publisher : Ludwig von Mises Institute
Page : 156 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2011-04-01
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781610165181
It was a modern thriving economy one day, and then, suddenly, the food disappeared from the shelves, the banks closed, and the ships stopped arriving. Iceland in 2008 experienced an unprecedented economic meltdown that struck fear in the hearts of people all over the world. If it could happen here, it could happen anywhere. The economic crisis led to a political crisis, with resignations galore. The whining and wailing about the disaster continues to this day, with most commentators blaming deregulation and the free market. In Deep Freeze, economists Philipp Bagus and David Howden demonstrate that the real cause of the calamity was bad central bank policy. Rates were way too low, banks were too big to fail, housing was implicitly guaranteed, and banks were borrowing short term from abroad to finance long term bonds. The authors discuss the implications of this maturity mismatching and zero in on the central bank policies that encouraged unsound practices. They demonstrate the cause and effect without a shadow of a doubt, using vast amounts of data and a detailed sector-by-sector look at the economy of Iceland. What they find is another instance of the Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle, working itself out in a way that is customized for a time and place. Toby Baxendale writes the introducton to this story that reads like a great novel. It serves as a reminder that central banking policies aren't just about monetary arcana. They affect our lives in profound and sometimes catastrophic ways. The Iceland Freeze is one of the great historical cases that makes Mises’s point. Let it always serve as a reminder of what happens when the laws of the market are papered over by politicians and central bankers. This account is likely to remain the definitive one for many years.
Author : Eirikur Bergmann
Publisher : Springer
Page : 356 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2014-01-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781137332004
Eirikur Bergmann explains the exceptional case of Iceland's fantastical boom, bust and rapid recovery after the Crash of 2008 and explores the lessons for the wider EU crisis and for over-reaching economies that over-rely on financial markets.