First Map How James Cook Charted Aotearoa New Zealand
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First Map: How James Cook Charted Aotearoa New Zealand by Tessa Duder Pdf
The story of how James Cook charted Aotearoa New Zealand, lavishly produced and richly illustrated. Since it was published by the Admiralty in 1816, James Cook's chart of New Zealand has long been regarded as one of the most extraordinary achievements in the history of cartography. First Map: How James Cook Charted Aotearoa New Zealand tells the human story behind the creation of Cook's famous chart, following the progress of his six-month circumnavigation of New Zealand and piecing the map together as the narrative on H.M.B. Endeavour unfolds. It is a story of courage, dogged perseverance and Cook's extraordinary skills as both cartographer and seafarer. Scenes from Tessa Duder's evocative text are beautifully recreated by award-winning illustrator David Elliot in this exquisite large format edition. Published to coincide with the Tuia -- Encounters 250 commemoration of James Cook's 1769-70 journey around New Zealand.
New Zealand was the last major habitable land on Earth to be populated. Many associate the discovery of New Zealand with James Cook, but he was not the first to venture to this isolated part of the Earth. When James Cook landed in New Zealand in July 1769 he landed at what is now known as Gisborne, on the east coast of the North Island. It is in the latitude 38°40’S, and Cook was not sailing this latitude accidentally. The west coast of New Zealand was first revealed on a published map in 1648. James Cook knew exactly where he was going; Abel Tasman had been there in 1642 and Cook had a copy of his chart and journal. The motivation behind Tasman’s voyage was profit. He was not voyaging into the unknown for fame, glory or fortune; he was a salaried employee of the Dutch East India Company, a multinational trading company. His mission was to find new lands with goods to trade. He first saw New Zealand on 13th December 1642. Five days later he had a dramatic encounter with the locals; a tribe of Māori called Ngāti Tūmatakōkiri. This was the first meeting of Māori and Europeans. Tasman had not found an empty land; it had already been discovered and settled. New Zealand was discovered by Polynesians from the Central Pacific around 950 AD, but remained only sparsely populated for three hundred years. In approximately 1300 AD a wave of Polynesian migration began. The immigrants that went to New Zealand did so for self-preservation. They risked the voyage to New Zealand to escape warfare, death or starvation. On 19th December 1642 Abel Tasman’s crews met the locals with fatal consequences. Those local Māori were descendants of the crew of the waka Kurahaupō who had arrived in New Zealand about 300 years earlier. Two Voyages follows the journeys of the waka Kurahaupō, its occupants and their descendants; and Abel Tasman and his crew. It follows the journeys from their origins, to their point of coincidence in Golden Bay. This wonderfully illustrated book explores the discovery of New Zealand by the Polynesians, and by the Europeans after them. It looks at the factors giving impetus to the two journeys, the people who undertook them, their routes, the means by which they travelled, and their tragic first meeting. There are many books about the history of New Zealand that begin with the arrival of Europeans; this one ends there.
The very first maps, oral maps made by early Polynesian and Maori settlers, were waypoints, lists of places in songs, chants, karakia and stories that showed direction. Hundreds of years later, Abel Tasman made the first attempt at a physical map; followed more than a century later by James Cook, whose more detailed map was made as he circumnavigated Aotearoa. Once the detail of the coastline was filled in, it was the turn of the surveyors, explorers, rockhounds, gold diggers and politicians to negotiate the internal detail. The story of these maps is also the story of Aotearoa New Zealand. Disclaimer: Due to limitations of ebook files, the finer details of some maps in this ebook are not entirely clear.
Atlas of World History by Patrick Karl O'Brien,Patrick O'Brien Pdf
Synthesizing exceptional cartography and impeccable scholarship, this edition traces 12,000 years of history with 450 maps and over 200,000 words of text. 200 illustrations.
Tourism Policy and Planning by David L. Edgell, Sr.,Jason R. Swanson Pdf
Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow offers an introduction to the tourism policy process and how policies link to the strategic tourism planning function as well as influence planning at the local, national, and international levels. This fourth edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the many important developments in the travel and tourism industry and subsequent new policies and present planning process issues in relation to crises – in particular, COVID-19. The fourth edition features: New content on the impact of COVID-19 on tourism policy and planning. New content on the effects of the pandemic on the tourism industry more generally, including topics such as degrowth, common good economy, post-growth economy, tourism lobbies and lobbying, tourism policy/planning and SGDs citizens’ engagement in tourism policy and planning, strategic directions, monitoring, and evaluation of tourism policy. New case studies throughout to illustrate real-life applications of planning and policy at the international, regional, national, and local levels. New case studies across a variety of issues related to flora and fauna, landscapes and geographies, and global destinations such as Ecuador, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, and Belize. New enhanced companion website with chapter assignments and quizzes. Accessible and up to date, Tourism Policy and Planning provides students with an essential introduction to and examination of important policy and planning issues in tourism globally.
The Maori by Charles River Charles River Editors Pdf
*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary accounts *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "When one house dies, a second lives." - Maori proverb In 1769, Captain James Cook's historic expedition in the region would lead to an English claim on Australia, but before he reached Australia, he sailed near New Zealand and spent weeks mapping part of New Zealand's coast. Thus, he was also one of the first to observe and take note of the indigenous peoples of the two islands. His instructions from the Admiralty were to endeavor at all costs to cultivate friendly relations with tribes and peoples he might encounter, and to regard any native people as the natural and legal possessors of any land they were found to occupy. Cook, of course, was not engaged on an expedition of colonization, so when he encountered for the first time a war party of Maori, he certainly had no intention of challenging their overlordship of Aotearoa, although he certainly was interested in discovering more about them. It was on October 6, 1769 that land was sighted from the masthead of the HMS Endeavour. The ostensible purpose of the expedition was to observe the transit of Venus across the Sun, but in sealed orders, to be opened only when these astrological observations were complete, he was instructed to search for evidence of the fabled Terra Australis. Approaching from the east, having rounded Cape Horn and calling in at Tahiti, the Endeavour arrived off the coast of New Zealand, and two days later it dropped anchor in what would later be known as Poverty Bay. No sign of life or habitation was seen until on the morning of the 9 October when smoke was observed to be rising inland, indicating that the territory was indeed inhabited. Cook and a group of sailors set off for shore in two boats and leaving four men behind to mind the boats, the remainder set off inland over a line of low hills. The sentries, however, were surprised by the arrival of a group of four Maori, who adopted an aggressive posture, and when one lifted a lance to hurl, he was immediately shot down. The impression that all of this left on Cook and the scientific members of the expedition was mixed. By then there had already been several encounters with Polynesian people scattered about the South Pacific, and although occasionally warlike, there were none quite so aggressive as the Maori. In fairness, it must be added that the Maori understanding of Cook's appearance, and what it represented was by necessity partial, and in approaching it they simply fell back on default behavior, applicable to any stranger approaching their shores. The presence on board the Endeavour of Tupaia allowed for a certain amount of superficial exchange, and a little trade, but little else, and Cook was intrigued by this upright, warlike and handsome people. Taking into account similarities of appearance, customs and languages spread across a vast region of scattered islands, it was obvious that the Polynesian race emerged from a single origin, and that origin Cook speculated was somewhere in the Malay Peninsula or the "East Indies." In this regard, he was not too far from the truth. The origins of the Polynesian race have been fiercely debated since then, and it was only relatively recently, through genetic and linguistic research, that it can now be stated with certainty that the Polynesian race originated on the Chinese mainland and the islands of Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia. Oceania was, indeed, the last major region of the Earth to be penetrated and settled by people, and Polynesia was the last region of Oceania to be inhabited. The vehicle of this expansion was the outrigger canoe, and aided by tides and wind patterns, a migration along the Malay Archipelago, and across the wide expanses of the South Pacific, began sometime between 3000 and 1000 BCE, reaching the western Polynesian Islands in about 900 BCE.
Postcolonial Literatures in English by Anke Bartels,Lars Eckstein,Nicole Waller,Dirk Wiemann Pdf
The term ‘postcolonial literatures in English’ designates English-language literatures from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Oceania, as well as the literatures of diasporic communities who have moved from those regions to the global north. This volume introduces the central themes of postcolonial literary studies and delineates how these themes are reflected and elaborated in exemplary literary works by postcolonial authors from around the world. It also offers succinct definitions of key terms like Orientalism, hybridity, Indigeneity or writing back.
Racism in Australia Today by Amanuel Elias,Fethi Mansouri,Yin Paradies Pdf
This book focuses on historical and current data to examine racism in Australia. Making use of the latest state and federal data sets, it critically synthesises contemporary research on race relations with a focus on racism and anti-racism initiatives. Employing innovative analytical methods, the book provides students and researchers with a current and up-to-date analytical framework, and benchmark empirical evidence on race relations. In addition, the book also analyses research data from other countries in order to generate some comparative insights and draw possible lessons and policy implications for Australia.
Colonization and Development in New Zealand between 1769 and 1900 by Ian Pool Pdf
This book details the interactions between the Seeds of Rangiatea, New Zealand’s Maori people of Polynesian origin, and Europe from 1769 to 1900. It provides a case-study of the way Imperial era contact and colonization negatively affected naturally evolving demographic/epidemiologic transitions and imposed economic conditions that thwarted development by precursor peoples, wherever European expansion occurred. In doing so, it questions the applicability of conventional models for analyses of colonial histories of population/health and of development. The book focuses on, and synthesizes, the most critical parts of the story, the health and population trends, and the economic and social development of Maori. It adopts demographic methodologies, most typically used in developing countries, which allow the mapping of broad changes in Maori society, particularly their survival as a people. The book raises general theoretical questions about how populations react to the introduction of diseases to which they have no natural immunity. Another more general theoretical issue is what happens when one society’s development processes are superseded by those of some more powerful force, whether an imperial power or a modern-day agency, which has ingrained ideas about objectives and strategies for development. Finally, it explores how health and development interact. The Maori experience of contact and colonization, lasting from 1769 to circa 1900, narrated here, is an all too familiar story for many other territories and populations, Natives and former colonists. This book provides a case-study with wider ramifications for theory in colonial history, development studies, demography, anthropology and other fields.
James Cook, sailor, surveyor, cartographer and explorer, was born in 1728 in Yorkshire and died in Hawaii in 1779. This is a set of 128 maps showing events in the life of the celebrated explorer. Beginning with his early years in England, his time in the North Sea coal trade and with the Royal Navy in Canada, they also cover in detail his three great voyages around the world in HMB Endeavour and HMS Resolution.
Maternity Services and Policy in an International Context by Patricia Kennedy,Naonori Kodate Pdf
This book is the first comprehensive international overview of maternity services. Drawing on concepts of risk and social citizenship, it explores the relationship between welfare regimes and health policy by comparing and contrasting provision for childbearing women. Each substantive chapter focuses on a different country, presenting detailed contextual information on health care provision, maternity interventions and birth outcomes there. They discuss key issues such as birth rates and fertility patterns, the role of patient choice, attitudes to place of birth and maternity entitlements among others, and the countries covered represent diverse welfare regimes, including Ireland, Scotland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. An extended introduction and a conclusion draw the book together and place it in the context of the literature on comparative welfare regimes. It is an important reference for students and academics interested in comparative social policy, health services research, and maternity services and policies.
A Travel Guide to Captain James Cook's New Zealand by Graeme Lay Pdf
New Zealand remained a special place during James Cook's epic voyages of discovery and exploration. He returned to the country several times, mainly to Ship Cove in Queen Charlotte sound, which became his favourite New Zealand anchorage. In his journals he comments on the great potential of the islands of New Zealand for British settlement, forestry and farming. This book depicts, in words, maps and photographs, the places of special importance which James Cook visited, first in HMS Endeavour in 1769, and then in HMS Resolution in 1773 and 1777. Fortuitously for Cook, and for the contemporary visitor, these are some of the most attractive locations in New Zealand. This guide will illustrate the locations, lead you to them, and explain their provenance, with contemporary travel detail along with historical excerpts drawn from the journals of Captain James Cook.