Flowback And Produced Waters

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2017-03-27
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309452625

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Flowback and Produced Waters by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Water Science and Technology Board,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Roundtable on Unconventional Hydrocarbon Development Pdf

Produced waterâ€"water from underground formations that is brought to the surface during oil and gas productionâ€"is the greatest volume byproduct associated with oil and gas production. It is managed by some combination of underground injection, treatment and subsequent use, treatment and discharge, or evaporation, subject to compliance with state and federal regulations. Management of these waters is challenging not only for industry and regulators, but also for landowners and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water, varying infrastructure needs, costs, and environmental considerations associated with produced water disposal, storage, and transport. Unconventional oil and gas development involves technologies that combine horizontal drilling with the practice of hydraulic fracturing. Hydraulic fracturing is a controlled, high-pressure injection of fluid and proppant into a well to generate fractures in the rock formation containing the oil or gas. After the hydraulic fracture procedure is completed, the injected fluid is allowed to flow back into the well, leaving the proppant in the newly created fractures. As a result, a portion of the injected water returns to the surface and this water is called "flowback water" which initially may mix with the naturally occurring produced water from the formation. The chemistry and volume of water returning to the surface from unconventional oil and gas operations thus changes during the lifetime of the well due to the amount of fluid used in the initial stage of well development, the amount of water naturally occurring in the geologic formation, the original water and rock chemistry, the type of hydrocarbon being produced, and the way in which production is conducted. The volume and composition of flowback and produced waters vary with geography, time, and site-specific factors. A workshop was conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to highlight the challenges and opportunities associated in managing produced water from unconventional hydrocarbon development, and particularly in the area of potential beneficial uses for these waters. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Author : John Cairns
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 1977
Category : Science
ISBN : UCSD:31822011678786

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Aquatic Microbial Communities by John Cairns Pdf

Author : Venki Uddameri,Audra Morse,Kay J. Tindle
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 312 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-22
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781498721219

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Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies by Venki Uddameri,Audra Morse,Kay J. Tindle Pdf

Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective serves as an introduction to hydraulic fracturing and provides balanced coverage of its benefits and potential negative effects. Presenting a holistic assessment of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts, this book chronicles the history and development of unconventional oil and gas production and describes the risks associated with the use of these technologies. More specifically, it addresses hydraulic fracturing’s use and dependence on large amounts of water as a fracturing medium. It examines the limits of reusing flowback and produced water, explores cost-effective ways to clean or effectively dispose of water used in fracturing, and provides suggestions for the efficient use, discovery, and recycle potential of non-potable water. Utilizing a team of experts from industry and academia, the text provides readers with a multiple lens approach—incorporating various perspectives and solutions surrounding this evolving technology. This book: Leads with an overview of hydraulic fracturing operations and technologies Considers a variety of legal issues associated with hydraulic fracturing Summarizes human health and environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing operations Discusses the analytes chosen by researchers as possible indicators of groundwater contamination from unconventional drilling processes Presents strategies for reducing the freshwater footprint of hydraulic fracturing Discusses water treatment technologies and solutions to recycle and reuse produced waters, and more Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective brings together experts from disciplines that include petroleum, civil, and environmental engineering; environmental sciences chemistry toxicology; law; media; and communications; and provides readers with a multidisciplinary outlook and unbiased, scientifically credible solutions to issues surrounding hydraulic fracturing operations.

Author : Kenneth Lee,Jerry Neff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 601 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09-18
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461400462

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Produced Water by Kenneth Lee,Jerry Neff Pdf

A state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge on the environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and advances in mitigation technologies. In offshore oil and gas operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume discharged). Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of an offshore production platform. Produced water discharge as waste into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results. For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the "point of discharge" due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters. However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. As the composition and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary from one geologic formation to another, this conference also highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.

Author : Venkatesh Uddameri,Audra Morse,Kay J. Tindle
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2015-06-26
Category : Science
ISBN : 1498721176

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Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies by Venkatesh Uddameri,Audra Morse,Kay J. Tindle Pdf

Hydraulic Fracturing Impacts and Technologies: A Multidisciplinary Perspective serves as an introduction to hydraulic fracturing and provides balanced coverage of its benefits and potential negative effects. Presenting a holistic assessment of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts, this book chronicles the history and development of unconventional oil and gas production and describes the risks associated with the use of these technologies. More specifically, it addresses hydraulic fracturing’s use and dependence on large amounts of water as a fracturing medium. It examines the limits of reusing flowback and produced water, explores cost-effective ways to clean or effectively dispose of water used in fracturing, and provides suggestions for the efficient use, discovery, and recycle potential of non-potable water. Utilizing a team of experts from industry and academia, the text provides readers with a multiple lens approach—incorporating various perspectives and solutions surrounding this evolving technology.

Author : Mark Reed,Stale Johnsen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 518 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461303794

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Produced Water 2 by Mark Reed,Stale Johnsen Pdf

This volume constitutes the proceedings of the Produced Water Seminar held in Trondheim, Norway, in September 1995. Hosted by Statoil Research and Development and IKU Petroleum Research, the seminar was an update of the 1992 seminar of the same title held in San Diego, California (Ray and Engelhardt, 1992). Produced water remains the largest volume waste stream from oil and gas production offshore. In the North and Norwegian Seas, produced water volumes are projected to increase significantly over the coming decades, as oil reservoirs near depletion. These releases are therefore the focus of continuing environmental concern. The purpose of this seminar was to provide a forum for scientists, legislators, and industrial and environmental representatives to share recent information and research results, and to encourage cooperative pursuit of solutions in the future. The success of the seminar, and the quality of this volume, are due in large part to the many authors from around the world who presented almost 50 posters and papers focused on environmental issues and mitigation technologies. In addition, we wish to acknowledge the contributions of the local and international organizing committees. Local Committee Asbj0fg 0verli and Heidi Torp, Statoil Egil Wanvik and Laila S. Olden, IKU Petroleum Research International Committee James P. Ray, Shell Chemical and Petroleum Products Companies Alexis E. Steen, American Petroleum Institute Theodor C. Sauer, Battelle Ocean Sciences Steven A. Flynn, British Petroleum Martin C. Th. Scholten, TNO Kjell Lohne, Statoil Ingvild Martinsen, Norwegian Pollution Control Authority.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 150 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 1994
Category : Freshwater invertebrates
ISBN : UOM:39015034927106

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Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment-associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates by Anonim Pdf

Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.

Author : Jane Kucera
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 644 pages
File Size : 46,5 Mb
Release : 2019-04-11
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119407898

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Desalination by Jane Kucera Pdf

This all-new revised edition of a modern classic is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the "green" process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, covering all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems. This is becoming increasingly more important for not only our world's industries, but our world's populations, as pure water becomes more and more scarce. "Blue is the new green." This is an all-new revised edition of a modern classic on one of the most important subjects in engineering: Water. Featuring a total revision of the initial volume, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to "go green." This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems, from the fundamental principles of desalination technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a desalination system. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the economics of desalination, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into the thermal processes involved in desalination, such as various methods of evaporation, distillation, recompression, and multistage flash. Following that is an exhaustive discussion of the membrane processes involved in desalination, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on the future of these technologies and their place in industry and how they can be of use to society. This book is a must-have for anyone working in water, for engineers, technicians, scientists working in research and development, and operators. It is also useful as a textbook for graduate classes studying industrial water applications.

Author : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour,Mohammad Amin Makarem,Maryam Meshksar
Publisher : Elsevier
Page : 420 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2024-01-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780443192166

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Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing and Applications. Volume 1: Natural Gas Formation and Extraction by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour,Mohammad Amin Makarem,Maryam Meshksar Pdf

Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications is a comprehensive eight-volume set of books that discusses in detail the theoretical basics and practical methods of various aspects of natural gas from exploration and extraction, to synthesizing, processing and purifying, producing valuable chemicals and energy. The volumes introduce transportation and storage challenges as well as hydrates formation, extraction, and prevention. Volume 1 titled Natural Gas Formation and Extraction introduces natural gas characteristics and thermo-physical properties. The book discusses various formation and synthesize techniques from non-renewable sources (coal, oil shale, etc.) and renewable sources (biomass, sewage, algae, etc.) of natural gas as well as its extraction techniques from different reservoirs. It also covers related environmental challenges of natural gas, economic assessment of its extraction and production technologies, health. Introduces natural gas characteristics and properties Describes different renewable/non-renewable sources for natural gas production and extraction Includes various methods and technologies for extracting and producing natural gas with related challenges

Author : Alireza Bahadori
Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
Page : 896 pages
File Size : 48,5 Mb
Release : 2014-05-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780124202047

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Natural Gas Processing by Alireza Bahadori Pdf

Natural gas is considered the dominant worldwide bridge between fossil fuels of today and future resources of tomorrow. Thanks to the recent shale boom in North America, natural gas is in a surplus and quickly becoming a major international commodity. Stay current with conventional and now unconventional gas standards and procedures with Natural Gas Processing: Technology and Engineering Design. Covering the entire natural gas process, Bahadori's must-have handbook provides everything you need to know about natural gas, including: Fundamental background on natural gas properties and single/multiphase flow factors How to pinpoint equipment selection criteria, such as US and international standards, codes, and critical design considerations A step-by-step simplification of the major gas processing procedures, like sweetening, dehydration, and sulfur recovery Detailed explanation on plant engineering and design steps for natural gas projects, helping managers and contractors understand how to schedule, plan, and manage a safe and efficient processing plant Covers both conventional and unconventional gas resources such as coal bed methane and shale gas Bridges natural gas processing with basic and advanced engineering design of natural gas projects including real world case studies Digs deeper with practical equipment sizing calculations for flare systems, safety relief valves, and control valves

Author : Michael D. Holloway
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 799 pages
File Size : 49,9 Mb
Release : 2018-06-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781119364337

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Fracking by Michael D. Holloway Pdf

Since the first edition of Fracking was published, hydraulic fracturing has continued to be hotly debated. Credited with bringing the US and other countries closer to "energy independence," and blamed for tainted drinking water and earthquakes, hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") continues to be one of the hottest topics and fiercely debated issues in the energy industry and in politics. Covering all of the latest advances in fracking since the first edition was published, this expanded and updated revision still contains all of the valuable original content for the engineer or layperson to understand the technology and its ramifications. Useful not only as a tool for the practicing engineer solve day-to-day problems that come with working in hydraulic fracturing, it is also a wealth of information covering the possible downsides of what many consider to be a very valuable practice. Many others consider it dangerous, and it is important to see both sides of the argument, from an apolitical, logical standpoint. While induced hydraulic fracturing utilizes many different engineering disciplines, this book explains these concepts in an easy to understand format. The primary use of this book shall be to increase the awareness of a new and emerging technology and what the various ramifications can be. The reader shall be exposed to many engineering concepts and terms. All of these ideas and practices shall be explained within the body. A science or engineering background is not required.

Author : Sheila Olmstead
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2015-06-24
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781771881616

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Wastewater and Shale Formation Development by Sheila Olmstead Pdf

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The number of tight oil and shale gas wells continues to rise primarily in the US, but also worldwide. The US has vast reserves of oil and natural gas, which now are commercially reachable as a result of advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies. But as hydraulic fracturing is increasingly used, concerns have been raised about potential stress on surface water and groundwater supplies from the withdrawal of water used in the process. Equally important is the growing volume of wastewater generated from hydraulically fractured oil and gas wells, requiring recycling, treatment, and disposal. Wastewater and Shale Formation Development: Risks, Mitigation, and Regulation examines four major issues, taking a scientific look from different perspectives at water use in shale gas development, potential environmental effects of wastewater from fracking, how to mitigate potential risks associated with wastewater from shale development, and regulatory approaches to the wastewater management problem With chapters from researchers in the field, this compendium volume sheds light on the important issues and challenges surrounding natural gas extraction using hydraulic fracturing and may be of interest to researchers and public policymakers alike.

Author : Havard Devold
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : Gas fields
ISBN : 9781105538643

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Oil and Gas Production Handbook: An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production by Havard Devold Pdf

Author : Ken Conca,Erika Weinthal
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 713 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2018
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780199335084

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The Oxford Handbook of Water Politics and Policy by Ken Conca,Erika Weinthal Pdf

This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note that the online publication date for this handbook is the date that the first article in the title was published online. For more information, please read the site FAQs.

Author : Donald N. Zillman,Aileen McHarg,Adrian Bradbrook,Lila Barrera-Hernandez
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 536 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2014-03-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191008252

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The Law of Energy Underground by Donald N. Zillman,Aileen McHarg,Adrian Bradbrook,Lila Barrera-Hernandez Pdf

While energy has been extracted from the ground for two centuries, recent years have seen transformative changes to how easy it is to access underground energy resources. This book investigates the key challenges and legal consequences of recent developments in the use of the subsurface as a source of energy. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the new technologies that have made this possible, such as the extraction of unconventional oil and gas resources through horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking. Further developments include the expanded use of geothermal energy, which has the potential to beome a major renewable energy source. The subsurface can also be utilised for long-term disposal or storage of environmentally harmful by-products of energy use, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), and disposal of spent nuclear fuel and other nuclear waste. Successful development of these technologies could enhance the use of fossil and nuclear energy by reducing the harm caused by the release of greenhouse gases and harmful radiation. The authors bring together a wide variety of expertise and knowledge to examine the legal implications of the development and control of these underground activities. They provide an invaluable understanding of the legal frameworks applicable to the extraction of underground energy, both at the international level and in a number of important national jurisdictions. Importantly, the book analyses the different regulatory responses to these developments across five continents, and assesses in detail the environmental impact of new energy extraction technologies.