Food Security And Food Consumption In Samoa Based On The Analysis Of The 2018 Household Income And Expenditure Survey
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Food security and food consumption in Samoa based on the analysis of the 2018 Household Income and Expenditure Survey by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
This report is one of the outputs of the Technical Cooperation Programme project (TCP/SAP/3705) aimed at strengthening the capacity of Pacific Island Countries to monitor SDG Target 2.1. The process started in March 2019 with the analysis of the food data collected in the 2018 Household Income and Expenditure survey (HIES) in collaboration with Samoa Bureau of Statistics. The report presents the main results derived from the analysis of the food data and the Food Insecurity Experience Scale data collected in the 2018 HIES to inform current patterns on food security and nutrition in Samoa. Whenever possible indicators are given at national level and for sub-groups of population.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,International Fund for Agricultural Development,World Food Programme,World Health Organization,The United Nations Children's Fund
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,International Fund for Agricultural Development,World Food Programme,World Health Organization,The United Nations Children's Fund Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org. Page : 320 pages File Size : 41,9 Mb Release : 2020-07-01 Category : Political Science ISBN : 9789251329016
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ,International Fund for Agricultural Development,World Food Programme,World Health Organization,The United Nations Children's Fund Pdf
Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.
The relationship between food insecurity and dietary outcomes by Alvarez-Sanchez, C., Moltedo, A., Troubat, N., Manyani, T., Yassin, F., Kepple, A., Cafiero, C. Pdf
Little research has been conducted on the association of food insecurity, particularly at the moderate level, and dietary consumption in low- and middle-income countries. This study expands on previous works by considering cross-country comparable measures of food insecurity that are calibrated against the global Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). The FAO Statistics Division has been publishing estimates of the prevalence of food insecurity, based on the FIES, since 2017. The FIES is the first standardized measure, of people's direct experiences of food insecurity, appropriate for application on a global scale. The prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the FIES is one of the official SDG indicators (2.1.2). The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the severity of food insecurity, as measured with the FIES (or an analogous experience-based food insecurity scale calibrated to the global reference scale), and dietary intake using microdata from four middle-income countries from different world regions: Kenya, Mexico, Samoa, and Sudan.
Food consumption in the Marshall Islands by Troubat,N., Sharp, M.K. Pdf
This report presents the main results derived from the analysis of the food data collected in the 2019/20 HIES to inform current patterns on food and nutrient consumption in Marshall Islands. The analysis of the food insecurity experience scale data collected in the 2019/20 HIES reveals that more than one household in three is experiencing moderate or severe levels of food insecurity, which means they are lacking money or other resources to access foods in enough quantity or of good quality. The further analysis of the food data collected in the same survey finds that for around 5 percent of Marshallese, their dietary intake is lower than their basic dietary needs to maintain a normal active and healthy life. Whenever possible, indicators are given at national level and for sub-groups of the population.
Food consumption in Kiribati by Troubat,N., Sharp, M.K. Pdf
This report presents the main results derived from the analysis of the food data collected in the 2019/20 HIES to inform current patterns on food and nutrient consumption in Kiribati. Based on this analysis around one I-Kiribati in 12 does not have access to the amount of dietary energy needed to maintain a normal, active and healthy life. This prevalence is further confirmed by the analysis of the food insecurity experience scale data collected in the KHIES, which found that one I-Kiribati in 12 spent a whole day without eating in the last 12 months. The data further reveals that one I-Kiribati in three had to compromise on the quality of the food they could access because of a lack of money or other resources. To develop the policies that will be needed to guide the country through the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, data are needed. Whenever possible, indicators are given at national level and for sub-groups of the population.
Working with countries of Asia and the Pacific to achieve the 2030 Agenda by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf
The report summarizes country achievements in the Asia and Pacific region in advancing towards the 2030 SDG deadlines. These success stories involve FAO offices working with governments and partners in some 21 countries in Asia and a complitation of success stories from the Pacific. It was initially published for presentation at the 35th Session of the FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific (APRC-35) in Thimphu, Bhutan (17-20 February 2020), but these achievements will be of interest to member countries and other development partners for several years to come.
Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa by Lisa C. Smith,Harold Alderman,Dede Aduayom Pdf
In addressing the pervasive problem of hunger in the developing world, reliable information on food insecurity is essential for effectively targeting assistance, developing interventions, and evaluating progress. Yet arriving at an accurate and comparable measure of food insecurity remains a challenge. This report introduces new estimates of food insecurity based on food acquisition data collected as part of national household expenditure surveys (HESs). The report explores the extent and location of food insecurity, the scientific merit of estimates derived from HES food data, the differences between HES-based estimates and those reported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and-ultimately-how HES data can be used to improve the accuracy of the FAO estimates currently used to monitor progress toward reducing hunger
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,The World Bank
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,The World Bank Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org. Page : 108 pages File Size : 51,5 Mb Release : 2018-10-30 Category : Business & Economics ISBN : 9789251309803
Food data collection in Household Consumption and Expenditure Surveys. Guidelines for low and middle income countries by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,The World Bank Pdf
The measurement of food consumption and expenditure is a fundamental component of any analysis of poverty and food security, and hence the importance and timeliness of devoting attention to the topic cannot be overemphasized as the international development community confronts the challenges of monitoring progress in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In 2014, the International Household Survey Network published a desk review of the reliability and relevance of survey questions as included in 100 household surveys from low- and middle-income countries. The report was presented in March 2014 at the forty-fifth session of the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC), in a seminar organized by the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Food Security, Agricultural and Rural Statistics (IAEG-AG). The assessment painted a bleak picture in terms of heterogeneity in survey design and overall relevance and reliability of the data being collected. On the positive side, it pointed to many areas in which even marginal changes to survey and questionnaire design could lead to a significant increase in reliability and consequently, great improvements in measurement accuracy. The report, which sparked a lot of interest from development partners and UNSC member countries, prompted IAEG-AG to pursue this area of work with the ultimate objective of developing, validating, and promoting scalable standards for the measurement of food consumption in household surveys. The work started with an expert workshop that took place in Rome in November 2014. Successive versions of the guidelines were drafted and discussed at various IAEG-AG meetings, and in another expert workshop organized in November 2016 in Rome. The guidelines were put together by a joint FAO-World Bank team, with inputs and comments received from representatives of national statistical offices, international organizations, survey practitioners, academics, and experts in different disciplines (statistics, economics, nutrition, food security, and analysis). A list of the main contributors is included in the acknowledgment section. In December 2017 a draft of the guidelines was circulated to 148 National Statistical Offices from low- to high-income countries for comments. The document was revised following that consultation and submitted to UNSC, which endorsed it at its forty-ninth session in March 2018 (under item 3(j) of the agenda, agricultural and rural statistics. The version presented here reflects what was endorsed by the Commission, edited for language. The process received support from the Global Strategy for Agricultural and Rural Statistics. The document is intended to be a reference document for National Statistical Offices, survey practitioners, and national and international agencies designing household surveys that involve the collection of food consumption and expenditure data.
National assessment of the Solomon Islands food system by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,University of Wollongong Pdf
This report highlights three main pathways for changing the food system based on consultations and analysis. The pathways include strengthening and connecting rural food systems, enhancing the national policy environment, and advocating for healthy food environments that are accessible, affordable, and convenient. These pathways operate on different scales, ranging from provincial to national inward and outward-looking approaches, but they are interconnected and interact in significant ways. To achieve national prosperity, it is important to prioritize rural and urban areas and establish strong connections between them. The report recognizes areas of strength that are already in place and emphasizes the need to strengthen them further to maintain their positive trajectory.
Local, Traditional and Indigenous Food Systems in the 21st Century to Combat Obesity, Undernutrition and Climate Change, 2nd edition by Rebecca Kanter,Sofia Boza,Gina Kennedy Pdf
Traditional and indigenous food systems have existed for centuries and were in balance with local food supplies, globally. However, between the mid 20th and early 21st century the green revolution dramatically altered food production, which in turn affected the inclusivity of traditional production systems within food systems and subsequently, traditional dietary intakes. This change was accompanied by lifestyle changes and spurred a global nutrition transition. Today the world faces a global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. A new call to action to create food systems that nourish people and sustain the planet is needed. Traditional and indigenous food systems have long been recognized as systems that can both support good human nutrition as well as maintain a balance with nature. There is an underutilized knowledge base around traditional and indigenous food systems. This includes the knowledge of nutritious species, traditional culinary preparations, and cultural practices. Greater agricultural production of underutilized species can result in more sustainable agricultural and food systems which can also help improve livelihoods and food security. Traditional and indigenous cultural practices with respect to both land and water management, as well as culinary practices, contribute to both sustainable food production and consumption. These practices require a greater evidence base in order to be incorporated into public health nutrition initiatives related to improving dietary quality, such as food-based dietary guidelines for example. An increased focus on the importance of local, traditional, and indigenous food systems and nutrition could therefore help countries to improve human nutrition and, ideally, help mitigate the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change. This Research Topic will focus on documenting diverse local food systems and promoting elements within them that can help improve nutrition and health – both human and planetary - in various ways including the livelihood development of knowledge holders.
Improving household consumption and expenditure surveys’ food consumption metrics by Fiedler, John L.,Mwangi, Dena M. Pdf
As the nature of global malnutrition changes, there is a growing need and increasing urgency for more and better information about food consumption and dietary patterns. The past two decades have seen a dramatic increase in the number, availability, and analysis of the food consumption data collected in a variety of multipurpose household surveys, referred to collectively as household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCESs). These surveys are heterogeneous, and their quality varies substantially by country. Still, they share some common shortcomings in their measurement of food consumption, nutrient intakes, and nutrition status that undermine their relevance and reliability for purposes of designing and implementing food policies and programs. This review crafts a strategic approach to the unfinished global agenda of improving HCESs’ collection of food consumption data. Starting with the priority studies recommended by a 100-country HCES review (Smith, Dupriez, and Troubat 2014), it focuses on a strategic subset of those studies that deal most directly and exclusively with the measurement of food, and that are of fundamental importance to all HCES stakeholders in low- and middle-income countries. Drawing from the literature, this study provides a more detailed, more circumspect justification as to why these particular studies are needed, while identifying key hypotheses, explaining why these studies are of growing urgency, and demonstrating why now is a propitious time for undertaking them. The review also identifies important study design considerations while pointing out potential challenges to successful implementation stemming from technical capacity, economic, administrative, and political considerations. Six key studies are rank ordered from a global perspective as follows, taking into account (1) the likely shared consensus that a topic is an important source of measurement error in estimating consumption; (2) the perceived urgency of the need for addressing a particular source of measurement error; (3) the perceived likelihood of success—that is, that the efforts will improve the accuracy of measurement; (4) whether or not the study entails modifying the questionnaire; (5) the ease with which a study may begin; and (6) the extent to which the study is independent of necessary negotiations with existing HCES stakeholders because of the types of changes it is likely to entail (in either the questionnaire or the way the data have traditionally been processed).
Using household consumption and expenditure surveys to make inferences about food consumption, nutrient intakes and nutrition status by Fiedler, John L.,Mwangi, Dena M. Pdf
Household consumption and expenditure surveys (HCES) are multipurpose surveys that are routinely conducted to collect data on household food consumption and availability in more than 120 countries. HCES are increasingly being used to calculate proxy estimates of food consumption, nutrient intakes, and nutrition status, often at the individual level. Rarely, however, do they collect information on meal participation, despite growing evidence that it is an increasingly important and variable component of the quantity of food consumed or available in a household. This paper explores the significance of adjusting for meal participation in making inferences about apparent food consumption and nutrient intakes. It focuses on two distinct sets of additional information requirements for enhancing the reliability and precision of measures of food consumption: (1) individual household members’ and household guests’ meal-eating behaviors, and (2) the number and apparent nutritional significance of meals. While the most comprehensive and precise accounting of intakes of individual food consumption and nutrients requires both types of information, the magnitude of the changes required in HCES questionnaires to capture them is likely to be prohibitive. Consequently, for many HCES, a “second best” approach may be the most effective method, at least in the short term. The paper empirically explores some of the relatively few HCES that currently attempt to capture some of these information requirements. In addition, it assesses their value-added to prioritize the global agenda for strengthening HCES measurement of food consumption in support of more evidence-based nutrition policy making.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,International Fund for Agricultural Development,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund,World Food Programme,World Health Organization
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,International Fund for Agricultural Development,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund,World Food Programme,World Health Organization Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org. Page : 240 pages File Size : 42,6 Mb Release : 2021-07-12 Category : Technology & Engineering ISBN : 9789251343258
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021 by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,International Fund for Agricultural Development,United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund,World Food Programme,World Health Organization Pdf
In recent years, several major drivers have put the world off track to ending world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. The challenges have grown with the COVID-19 pandemic and related containment measures. This report presents the first global assessment of food insecurity and malnutrition for 2020 and offers some indication of what hunger might look like by 2030 in a scenario further complicated by the enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It also includes new estimates of the cost and affordability of healthy diets, which provide an important link between the food security and nutrition indicators and the analysis of their trends. Altogether, the report highlights the need for a deeper reflection on how to better address the global food security and nutrition situation. To understand how hunger and malnutrition have reached these critical levels, this report draws on the analyses of the past four editions, which have produced a vast, evidence-based body of knowledge of the major drivers behind the recent changes in food security and nutrition. These drivers, which are increasing in frequency and intensity, include conflicts, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns – all exacerbated by the underlying causes of poverty and very high and persistent levels of inequality. In addition, millions of people around the world suffer from food insecurity and different forms of malnutrition because they cannot afford the cost of healthy diets. From a synthesized understanding of this knowledge, updates and additional analyses are generated to create a holistic view of the combined effects of these drivers, both on each other and on food systems, and how they negatively affect food security and nutrition around the world. In turn, the evidence informs an in-depth look at how to move from silo solutions to integrated food systems solutions. In this regard, the report proposes transformative pathways that specifically address the challenges posed by the major drivers, also highlighting the types of policy and investment portfolios required to transform food systems for food security, improved nutrition, and affordable healthy diets for all. The report observes that, while the pandemic has caused major setbacks, there is much to be learned from the vulnerabilities and inequalities it has laid bare. If taken to heart, these new insights and wisdom can help get the world back on track towards the goal of ending hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition in all its forms.
Rural household welfare in Papua New Guinea: food security and nutrition challenges by Schmidt, Emily,Fang, Peixun,Mahrt, Kristi Pdf
Papua New Guinea continues to encourage a policy focus on food and nutrition security. The PNG National Nutrition Policy (2016-2026) and Nutrition Strategic Action Plan (2018-2022) (NSAP) set a path to improve coordination, secure sufficient funding, and improve technical capacity of nutrition-focused pro gram implementation. As policy prioritizes improved nutrition outcomes, it is important to understand the cost that households face of securing a higher level of nutrition. Ensuring a healthy diet that meets nutrition standards is relatively expensive in PNG. The analysis presented in this paper, which uses detailed household food and non-food consumption data suggests that 4/5 of households in the survey sample live below the healthy diet poverty line (which sets a calorie threshold and defines healthy diet nutrition targets). That is, these households do not have the income available (or do not consume sufficient food and non-food goods) to meet their basic needs which includes securing a nutritious diet that meets food based dietary guidelines.
