Forest Land Conversion Ecosystem Services And Economic Issues For Policy

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Forest Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy

Robert A. Smail
Forest Land Conversion Ecosystem Services and Economic Issues for Policy Book PDF

Author : Robert A. Smail
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 46 pages
File Size : 55,9 Mb
Release : 2010-10
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781437928310

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Forest Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy by Robert A. Smail Pdf

The continued conversion and development of forest land pose a serious threat to the ecosystem services derived from forested landscapes. There are unavoidable challenges involved in quantifying the threats from forest conversion and their related costs to human well-being: (1) most attempts to quantify the costs of forest conversion on ecosystem services will necessarily rely on specific ecological science that is often emerging, changing, or simply nonexistent; (2) given the interconnected nature of ecosystem products and processes, any attempt to quantify the effects of forest conversion must grapple with jointness in production; (3) the ecology and the human dimensions of ecosystems are highly specific to spatial-temporal circumstances.

Forest Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy

Robert A. Smail
Forest Land Conversion Ecosystem Services and Economic Issues for Policy Book PDF

Author : Robert A. Smail
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 40 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Cutover lands
ISBN : 1506119859

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Forest Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy by Robert A. Smail Pdf

The continued conversion and development of forest land pose a serious threat to the ecosystem services derived from forested landscapes. We argue that developing an understanding of the full range of consequences from forest conversion requires understanding the effects of such conversion on both components of ecosystem services: products and processes. However, there are unavoidable challenges involved in quantifying the threats from forest conversion and their related costs to human well-being. First, most attempts to quantify the costs of forest conversion on ecosystem services will necessarily rely on specific ecological science that is often emerging, changing, or simply nonexistent. For example, the role that many species play in ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Second, given the interconnected nature of ecosystem products and processes, any attempt to quantify the effects of forest conversion must grapple with jointness in production. For example, the cost of losing a species from forest conversion must account for that species' role as both (1) a product that directly contributes to human well-being, and (2) as a component in an ecosystem process. Finally, the ecology and the human dimensions of ecosystems are highly specific to spatial-temporal circumstances. Consequently, the effects of forest conversion in one spatial-temporal context are likely to be quite different than effects elsewhere.

Forest-Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy

United States Department of Agriculture
Forest Land Conversion Ecosystem Services and Economic Issues for Policy Book PDF

Author : United States Department of Agriculture
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2015-02-14
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1506119859

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Forest-Land Conversion, Ecosystem Services, and Economic Issues for Policy by United States Department of Agriculture Pdf

The continued conversion and development of forest land pose a serious threat to the ecosystem services derived from forested landscapes. We argue that developing an understanding of the full range of consequences from forest conversion requires understanding the effects of such conversion on both components of ecosystem services: products and processes. However, there are unavoidable challenges involved in quantifying the threats from forest conversion and their related costs to human well-being. First, most attempts to quantify the costs of forest conversion on ecosystem services will necessarily rely on specific ecological science that is often emerging, changing, or simply nonexistent. For example, the role that many species play in ecosystem processes is poorly understood. Second, given the interconnected nature of ecosystem products and processes, any attempt to quantify the effects of forest conversion must grapple with jointness in production. For example, the cost of losing a species from forest conversion must account for that species' role as both (1) a product that directly contributes to human well-being, and (2) as a component in an ecosystem process. Finally, the ecology and the human dimensions of ecosystems are highly specific to spatial-temporal circumstances. Consequently, the effects of forest conversion in one spatial-temporal context are likely to be quite different than effects elsewhere.

Forest Fragmentation and Land Conversion

Kelly C. Murphy
Forest Fragmentation and Land Conversion Book PDF

Author : Kelly C. Murphy
Publisher : Nova Novinka
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2010
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : 1617289612

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Forest Fragmentation and Land Conversion by Kelly C. Murphy Pdf

The world-wide conversion of forest land to commercial and residential use is increasingly affecting the ability of ecosystems to provide basic services to humankind. Conversion of forest land affects both private and public forest ownerships. Predicted increases in population growth over the coming decades are expected to result in steadily increasing fragmentation of currently cohesive forest lands. This development can potentially reduce the goods and services derived from both publicly and privately owned forests. This book uses the ecosystem service conceptual framework as a basis for understanding the ecological effects of forest-land conversion, and as a basis for understanding the economic issues that arise in designing policies to conserve forest ecosystems.

Defining an Economics Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services

J. D. Kline
Defining an Economics Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services Book PDF

Author : J. D. Kline
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 52 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2006
Category : Ecosystem services
ISBN : MINN:31951D02974980Y

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Defining an Economics Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services by J. D. Kline Pdf

Balancing society's multiple and sometimes competing objectives regarding forests calls for information describing the direct and indirect benefits resulting from forest policy and management, whether to address wildfire, loss of open space, unmanaged recreation, ecosystem restoration, or other objectives. The USDA Forest Service recently has proposed the concept of ecosystem services as a framework for (1) describing the many benefits provided by public and private forests, (2), evaluating the effects of policy and management decisions involving public and private forest lands, and (3) advocating the use of economic and market-based incentives to protect private forest lands from development. The concept extends traditional economic theory regarding multiple forest benefits and the use of economic incentives to enhance their provision, by emphasizing ecosystems as an organizing structure for benefits. Although the emphasis on ecosystems is new, challenges in evaluating ecosystem services are similar to those long faced by economists tasked with evaluating forest benefits: (1) defining a typology of ecosystem services, (2) describing and measuring ecosystem services units or outputs, and (3) describing and measuring ecosystem services per unit of values or social weights. Progress within the Forest Service in applying the ecosystem services concept to forest policy and management will depend on knowing what information will suffice, working across disciplines, deciding on appropriate analytical frameworks, defining the appropriate role of economic and market-based incentives, and adequately funding economics research.

Valuing forest ecosystem services: a training manual for planners and project developers

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Valuing forest ecosystem services a training manual for planners and project developers Book PDF

Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 220 pages
File Size : 45,5 Mb
Release : 2019-02-28
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251312155

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Valuing forest ecosystem services: a training manual for planners and project developers by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Pdf

The degradation of ecosystems, including forests, and the associated loss of biodiversity, particularly due to human-induced threats and climate change, has gained increased attention from scientists and policymakers. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment presented a new conceptual framework that puts ecosystem services at the centre and links human well-being to the impacts on ecosystems of changes in natural resources. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity initiative drew further attention to the economic benefits of conserving ecosystems and biodiversity, supporting the idea that economic instruments – if appropriately applied, developed and interpreted – can inform policy- and decision-making processes. Only a few ecosystem services, however, have explicit market value and are traded in open markets: many – especially those categorized as having “passive-use” value – remain invisible and are rarely accounted for in traditional economic systems. The failure to appropriately consider the full economic value of ecosystem services in decision making enables the continued degradation and loss of ecosystems and biodiversity. Most ecosystem services are considered public goods and tend to be overexploited by society. Many methods have been applied to the economic valuation of ecosystem services. The use of these methods, as well as the interpretation of their results, requires familiarity with the ecological, political, normative and socio-economic context and the science of economics. Recognizing, demonstrating and capturing the value of ecosystem services can play an important role in setting policy directions for ecosystem management and conservation and thus in increasing the provision of ecosystem services and their contributions to human well-being. The aim of this manual is to enhance understanding of ecosystem services and their valuation. The specific target group comprises governmental officers in planning units and field-level officers and practitioners in key government departments in Bangladesh responsible for project development, including the Ministry of Environment and Forests and its agencies. Most of the examples and case studies presented herein, therefore, are tailored to the Bangladesh context, but the general concepts, approaches and methods can be applied to a broad spectrum of situations. This manual focuses on valuing forest-related ecosystem services, including those provided by trees outside forests. It is expected to improve valuation efforts and help ensure the better use of such values in policymaking and decision making. Among other things, the manual explores the basics of financial mathematics (e.g. the time value of money; discounting; cost–benefit analysis; and profitability and risk indicators); the main methods of economic valuation; examples of the valuation of selected ecosystem services; and inputs for considering values in decision making.

Defining an Economic Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services

Jeffrey D. Kline
Defining an Economic Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services Book PDF

Author : Jeffrey D. Kline
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 690 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2008-02
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781428987722

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Defining an Economic Research Program to Describe and Evaluate Ecosystem Services by Jeffrey D. Kline Pdf

The Forest Service has proposed the concept of ecosystem services as a framework for: (1) describing the many benefits provided by public & private forests; (2) evaluating the effects of policy & mgmt. decisions involving public & private forest lands; & (3) advocating the use of economic & market-based incentives to protect private forest lands from development. The concept extends traditional economic theory regarding multiple forest benefits & the use of economic incentives to enhance their provision, by emphasizing ecosystems as an organizing structure for benefits. Although the emphasis on ecosystems is new, challenges in evaluating ecosystem services are similar to those long faced by economists tasked with evaluating forest benefits.

Ecosystem Services and Management Strategy in China

Yiyu Chen,Beate Jessel,Bojie Fu,Xiubo Yu,Jamie Pittock
Ecosystem Services and Management Strategy in China Book PDF

Author : Yiyu Chen,Beate Jessel,Bojie Fu,Xiubo Yu,Jamie Pittock
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 163 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2013-08-15
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783642387333

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Ecosystem Services and Management Strategy in China by Yiyu Chen,Beate Jessel,Bojie Fu,Xiubo Yu,Jamie Pittock Pdf

"Ecosystem Services and Management Strategy in China" is a two-year international cooperation project that culminated from the China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development’s Task Force on Ecosystem Services and Management. It combines case studies, scenario analysis, and stakeholder consultations that focus on Chinese forest, grassland and wetland ecosystems and assesses the economic and social benefits of sustainable ecosystems management. It also identifies better practices in ecosystem management from Chinese and international experience and recommends a more intensive integration of ecosystem services into decision-making processes. In November 2010, the Task Force presented five strategic policy proposals for the implementation of sustainable management for Chinese ecosystems. These proposals were extremely well-received by senior decision makers and have since been adopted by national government agencies. The book represents a valuable reference work for researchers and professionals working in related areas. Professor Yiyu Chen worked as president at the National Natural Science Foundation of China from 2004 to early 2013 and is Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Beate Jessel works as president at the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Germany. Professor Bojie Fu works at the Research Center of Eco-Environment Sciences, CAS and is Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Professor Xiubo Yu works at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Dr.Jamie Pittock is a Senior Lecturer at the Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Australia.

Environmental Science

Michael L. McKinney,Robert M. Schoch,Mckinney,Logan Yonavjak
Environmental Science Book PDF

Author : Michael L. McKinney,Robert M. Schoch,Mckinney,Logan Yonavjak
Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
Page : 660 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2017-12
Category : BUSINESS & ECONOMICS
ISBN : 9781284091700

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Environmental Science by Michael L. McKinney,Robert M. Schoch,Mckinney,Logan Yonavjak Pdf

Environmental Science: Systems and Solutions, Sixth Edition features updated data and additional tables with statistics throughout to lay the groundwork for a fair and apolitical foundational understanding of environmental science. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.

Forest Economics and Policy Analysis

William F. Hyde,David H. Newman,Roger A. Sedjo
Forest Economics and Policy Analysis Book PDF

Author : William F. Hyde,David H. Newman,Roger A. Sedjo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 1991
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951D00519411K

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Forest Economics and Policy Analysis by William F. Hyde,David H. Newman,Roger A. Sedjo Pdf

This paper identifies the essential features of the forestry economics literature emphasizing what is different about forestry and what are forestry's important features for project and program analysis. The important conclusion, is that economic tools are both available and appropriate for the analysis of a wide range of forest policy problems. The report is divided into two parts. The characteristics that received special attention in the first part are the embodiment of both productive capital and final output in any standing forest inventory, and the long time periods that often distinguish forest production. A third distinguishing characteristics is the joint production nature of many forest resource services. The second part of the paper visits seven special topics that are important to forestry and economic development: (1) timber production; (2) smallholder forest management; (3) forestry research, education, and extension; (4) tenure; (5) policy spillovers from other sectors of the economy that can substantially alter forests and forestland management; (6) non-timber multiple use values; and (7) deforestation, timber famine or its counter, sustainable forest management.

Trees at Work

Forest Service (U.S.)
Trees at Work Book PDF

Author : Forest Service (U.S.)
Publisher : Government Printing Office
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2017
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0160943604

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Trees at Work by Forest Service (U.S.) Pdf

This guide showcases the increasing interest in ecosystem services, discusses the motivations for valuations of FES (forest ecosystem services) at the State level, and places this work in the context of economic accounting. Readers may be interested in this report to expand their understanding of approaches used and value forest ecosystem services. However, the intended target audience for this report is State forestry officials charged with requesting, selecting, guiding, and evaluating the results of FES assessments in their states. Foresters, construction officials utilizing forest based products, educators, instructors and students in the fields of environmental science and forestry, environmentalists, and investors in the forest products category may also be interested in this work. Check out our Environment & Nature resources collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature Trees & Forests collection here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/environment-nature Water Management collection here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/water-management

Sustainability and the Rights of Nature

Cameron La Follette,Chris Maser
Sustainability and the Rights of Nature Book PDF

Author : Cameron La Follette,Chris Maser
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2017-06-01
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781351652056

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Sustainability and the Rights of Nature by Cameron La Follette,Chris Maser Pdf

Sustainability and the Rights of Nature: An Introduction is a much-needed guide that addresses the exciting and significant paradigm shift to the Rights of Nature, as it is occurring both in the United States and internationally in the fields of environmental law and environmental sustainability. This shift advocates building a relationship of integrity and reciprocity with the planet by placing Nature in the forefront of our rights-based legal systems. The authors discuss means of achieving this by laying out Nature’s Laws of Reciprocity and providing a roadmap of the strategies and directions needed to create a Rights of Nature-oriented legal system that will shape and maintain human activities in an environmentally sustainable manner. This work is enriched with an array of unique and relevant points of reference such as the feudal notions of obligation, principles of traditional indigenous cultivation, the Pope Francis Encyclical on the environment, and the new Rights of Nature-based legal systems of Ecuador and Bolivia that can serve as prototypes for the United States and other countries around the world to help ensure a future of environmental sustainability for all living systems.

The Economics of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Shunsuke Managi
The Economics of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Book PDF

Author : Shunsuke Managi
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 257 pages
File Size : 55,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781136224485

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The Economics of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by Shunsuke Managi Pdf

Ecosystems and biodiversity have been degraded over decades due to human activities. One of the critical causes is market failure: the current market only accounts tangible resources and neglects intangible functions, such as climate control and natural hazard mitigation. Under such circumstances in capitalism, land conversion and resource exploitation, which generate financial income, are highly prioritised over conservation, which is not necessarily beneficial in monetary terms. To halt ecosystem degradation, thus, the values of ecosystem services need to be visualised and economic instruments for ecosystem conservation should be further developed. This book focuses on these two aspects and performs several studies, including valuation of ecosystem services, productivity analysis, institutional design of payment for ecosystem services (PES), impact assessment of reduction emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD), and economic experiment of mitigation banking scheme. From these analysis, economic values of ecosystem services are demonstrated from both supply and demand side, and the directions for improving economic instruments are indicated both directly and indirectly. As many of these analysis are usually conducted in the North America and Europe, this book is unique in geographical focus, namely, Japan, Asia and globe. Also, wide variety of ecosystems are targeted for studies; agricultural lands, forests, wetlands, and marine. Hence, this will be informative introduction for those who desire to study economics of biodiversity and ecosystem services in these regions and of these ecological zones.

Area Changes in U.S. Forests and Other Major Land Uses, 1982 to 2002, with Projections to 2062

Ralph J. Alig
Area Changes in U S Forests and Other Major Land Uses 1982 to 2002 with Projections to 2062 Book PDF

Author : Ralph J. Alig
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
Page : 105 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2011-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781437938692

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Area Changes in U.S. Forests and Other Major Land Uses, 1982 to 2002, with Projections to 2062 by Ralph J. Alig Pdf

Describes area changes among major land uses on the U.S. land base for historical trends from 1982 to 2002 and projections out to 2062. Historically, 11 million acres of forest, cropland, and open space were converted to urban and other developed uses from 1992 to 1997 on non-federal land in the contiguous U.S. The largest percentage increase was in urban use, which grew by 10% or 7.3 million acres between 1997 and 2001. Forest land was the largest source of land converted to developed uses such as urbanization. Urban and other developed areas are projected to continue to grow substantially, in line with a projected U.S. population increase of more than 120 million people over the next 50 years. Figures. This is a print on demand publication.

Nature's Wealth

Pieter van Beukering
Nature s Wealth Book PDF

Author : Pieter van Beukering
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 443 pages
File Size : 53,5 Mb
Release : 2013-03-28
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781107027152

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Nature's Wealth by Pieter van Beukering Pdf

Presents new evidence from more than twenty countries on the role of ecosystems in supporting the livelihoods of the poor.