Forests And Grasslands

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Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland

Randall W. Myster
Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland Book PDF

Author : Randall W. Myster
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 333 pages
File Size : 52,8 Mb
Release : 2012-07-10
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781461437970

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Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland by Randall W. Myster Pdf

Ecotones are dynamic over-lapping boundary areas where major terrestrial biomes meet. As past studies have shown, and as the chapters in this book will illustrate, their structure, size, and scope have changed considerably over the millennia, expanding and shrinking as climate and/or other driving conditions, also changed. Today, however, many of them are changing at a rate not seen for a long time, perhaps largely due to climate change and other human-induced factors. Indeed ecotones are more sensitive to climate change than the biomes on either side, and thus may serve as critical early indicators of future climate change. As ecotones change, they also redefine the limits of the biomes on either side by altering their distributions of species because, in addition to their own endemic species, any ecotone will also have species from both adjoining biomes. Consequently, they may also be places of high levels of species interaction, serving as active evolutionary laboratories, which generate new species that then migrate back into adjacent biomes. Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland explores how these ecotones have changed in the past, how they are changing today, and how they are likely to change in the future. The book includes chapters from around the world with a special focus on South American and Neotropical ecotones.

Forests and Grasslands

John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth Sciences
Forests and Grasslands Book PDF

Author : John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth Sciences
Publisher : The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc
Page : 258 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 2011-01-15
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 9781615303137

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Forests and Grasslands by John P. Rafferty Associate Editor, Earth Sciences Pdf

Presents an introduction to the forests and grasslands of the world, describing their different forms, evolution and modern formation, physical features and composition, and their impact on climate.

Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States

Therese M. Poland,Toral Patel-Weynand,Deborah M. Finch,Chelcy Ford Miniat,Deborah C. Hayes,Vanessa M. Lopez
Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States Book PDF

Author : Therese M. Poland,Toral Patel-Weynand,Deborah M. Finch,Chelcy Ford Miniat,Deborah C. Hayes,Vanessa M. Lopez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 455 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783030453671

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Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by Therese M. Poland,Toral Patel-Weynand,Deborah M. Finch,Chelcy Ford Miniat,Deborah C. Hayes,Vanessa M. Lopez Pdf

This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.

Grasslands of the World

Victor R. Squires,Jürgen Dengler,Limin Hua,Haiying Feng
Grasslands of the World Book PDF

Author : Victor R. Squires,Jürgen Dengler,Limin Hua,Haiying Feng
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 430 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2018-09-05
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781351652209

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Grasslands of the World by Victor R. Squires,Jürgen Dengler,Limin Hua,Haiying Feng Pdf

This book begins with a brief account of the extraordinary sequence of events that led to emergence of grasslands as major vegetation formations that now occupy some of the driest and hottest and the highest and coldest on earth as well as vast steppes and prairies in more temperate climes. It is the story of grasses successfully competing with forests and woodlands, aided and abetted by grazing herbivores and by humans and their use of fire as a tool. It is a story of adaptation to changing climates and the changing biophysical environments. A major focus of the book is the Palaearctic biogeographic realm that extends over some 45 million km2 and thus more than 1/3 of the terrestrial ice-free surface on Earth. It comprises extensive grasslands of different types and origin, which can be subdivided into (1) natural grasslands with (1a) steppes (climatogenic in dry climates), (1b) arctic-alpine grasslands (climatogenic in cold climates) and (1c) azonal and extrazonal grasslands (pedogenic and topogenic) as well as (2) secondary grasslands created and sustained by human activities, such as livestock grazing, mowing or burning. Grasslands of the Palaearctic do not only form a major basis for the agriculture of the region and thus its food supply, but are also crucial for other ecosystem services and host a supra proportional part of the realm’s plant and animal diversity. To reflect that suitability of grasslands for biodiversity strongly depends on their state, we apply the term High Nature Value grassland to those natural grasslands that are not degraded (in good state) and those secondary grasslands that are not intensified (semi-natural). The situation in a variety of countries where grasslands are evolving under the influence of global climate change is also considered. Case studies are presented on Southern Africa, Eastern Africa, India, China, South America, North America and Australia. The concluding chapter examines a set of themes arising from the chapters that make up the bulk of this book. The following provide a focus: recent history of grassland biomes – brief recap of current thinking and recent trends with special reference to dry grasslands in the Palearctic regions; the current status of grasslands and germplasm resources (biodiversity) – an overview; management systems that ensure sustainability; how to recover degraded grasslands; socio-economic issues and considerations in grassland management; the impacts of environmental problems in grasslands such as future climate change and intensification and the problems/prospects facing pastoralists and other grassland-based livestock producers.

Global Change

A. I. Breymeyer
Global Change Book PDF

Author : A. I. Breymeyer
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 496 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Nature
ISBN : UOM:39015036074840

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Global Change by A. I. Breymeyer Pdf

This volume critically assesses the present state of our knowledge, reviews extant forest and grasslands models, and develops foundations for the design of diagnostic and predictive models, as well as identifying plans for future research on ecosystem response to global change. Carbon flow and storage are emphasised, although the flow and storage of key nutrients such as nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorus are also considered when deemed necessary to understand changes in the carbon budget of coniferous forests and grasslands.

Grazing Ecology and Forest History

F. W. M. Vera
Grazing Ecology and Forest History Book PDF

Author : F. W. M. Vera
Publisher : CABI
Page : 506 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2000-01-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 0851994423

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Grazing Ecology and Forest History by F. W. M. Vera Pdf

It is a widely held belief that a climax vegetation of closed forest systems covered the lowlands of Central and Western Europe before man intervened in prehistoric times to develop agriculture. If this intervention had not taken place, the forest would still be there, and if left the grassland vegetation and fields now present would revert to a natural closed forest state, although with a reduced number of wild species. This book, which an updated and expanded version of the author's 1997 thesis (presented to the Wageningen University, Netherlands), challenges the traditional view, using examples from history, pollen analyses and studies on the ecology of tree and shrub species such as oak and hazel. It tests the hypothesis that the climax vegetation is a closed canopy forest, against the alternative hypothesis that species composition and vegetational succession were governed by large herbivores, and that the Central and Western European lowlands were covered by a park-like landscape consisting of grasslands, scrub, solitary trees and groves bordered by a mantle and fringe vegetation. Comparative information from the eastern USA is also included throughout the book (this was not present in the thesis), because the forests there are commonly regarded as being analogous to the primeval vegetation in Europe. The book is arranged in 7 chapters: (1) General introduction and formulation of the problem; (2) Succession, the climax forest and the role of large herbivores; (3) Palynology, the forest as climax in prehistoric times and the effects of humans; (4) The use of the wilderness from the Middle Ages up to 1900; (5) Spontaneous succession in forest reserves in the lowlands of Western and Central Europe - including examples from France, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, Sweden, Poland; (6) Establishment of trees and shrubs in relation to light and grazing; and (7) Final synthesis and conclusions. Twelve appendices are included giving further information, and there are 67 pages of references and a subject index.

Grasslands

Sally Wilkins
Grasslands Book PDF

Author : Sally Wilkins
Publisher : Capstone
Page : 28 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2001-09
Category : Juvenile Nonfiction
ISBN : 0736891633

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Grasslands by Sally Wilkins Pdf

Discusses the plants, animals, and climate of six different ecosystems.

Grasslands and Climate Change

David J. Gibson,Jonathan A. Newman
Grasslands and Climate Change Book PDF

Author : David J. Gibson,Jonathan A. Newman
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 363 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2019-03-21
Category : Nature
ISBN : 9781107195264

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Grasslands and Climate Change by David J. Gibson,Jonathan A. Newman Pdf

A comprehensive assessment of the effects of climate change on global grasslands and the mitigating role that ecologists can play.

The Forests of China

Chi Wu Wang
The Forests of China Book PDF

Author : Chi Wu Wang
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 326 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2011-09
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1258103613

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The Forests of China by Chi Wu Wang Pdf

Maria Moors Cabot Foundation Publication Series No. 5.

The Desert Grassland

Mitchel P. McClaran,Thomas R. Van Devender
The Desert Grassland Book PDF

Author : Mitchel P. McClaran,Thomas R. Van Devender
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2023-05-23
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780816553204

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The Desert Grassland by Mitchel P. McClaran,Thomas R. Van Devender Pdf

The mixed grass and shrub vegetation known to scientists as desert grassland is common to the basins and valleys that skirt the mountain ranges throughout southwestern North America, extending from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas down through thirteen Mexican states. This variegated ground cover is crucial to life in an arid environment. The Desert Grassland offers the most comprehensive study to date of these flora and the rich biotic communities they support. Leading experts in geography, biology, botany, zoology, and geoscience present new research on the desert grassland and review a vast amount of earlier work. They reveal that present-day grasses once grew in the ice-age forests that existed in these areas before the climate dried and the trees vanished and how the intensity and frequency of fire can influence the plant and animal species of the grassland. They also document how the influence of humans—from Amerindians to contemporary ranchers, public land managers, and real estate developers—has changed the relative abundance of woody and herbaceous species and how the introduction of new plants and domesticated animals to the area has also affected biodiversity. The book concludes with a review of the attempts, both failed and successful, to reestablish plants in desert grasslands affected by overgrazing, drought, and farm abandonment. Meticulously researched and copiously illustrated, The Desert Grassland is a major contribution to ecological literature. For advanced lay readers as well as students and scholars of history, geography, and ecology, it will be a standard reference work for years to come.

Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland

Randall W. Myster
Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland Book PDF

Author : Randall W. Myster
Publisher : Springer
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2014-08-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 1489995714

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Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland by Randall W. Myster Pdf

Ecotones are dynamic over-lapping boundary areas where major terrestrial biomes meet. As past studies have shown, and as the chapters in this book will illustrate, their structure, size, and scope have changed considerably over the millennia, expanding and shrinking as climate and/or other driving conditions, also changed. Today, however, many of them are changing at a rate not seen for a long time, perhaps largely due to climate change and other human-induced factors. Indeed ecotones are more sensitive to climate change than the biomes on either side, and thus may serve as critical early indicators of future climate change. As ecotones change, they also redefine the limits of the biomes on either side by altering their distributions of species because, in addition to their own endemic species, any ecotone will also have species from both adjoining biomes. Consequently, they may also be places of high levels of species interaction, serving as active evolutionary laboratories, which generate new species that then migrate back into adjacent biomes. Ecotones Between Forest and Grassland explores how these ecotones have changed in the past, how they are changing today, and how they are likely to change in the future. The book includes chapters from around the world with a special focus on South American and Neotropical ecotones.