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Author : Libor Jansky,Radovan Nevenic,Ilpo Tikkanen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 459 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2004
Category : Developing countries
ISBN : 9280880241
Author : Matti Palo,Heidi Vanhanen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401009423
This book addresses global and subnational issues concerning the world's forests, societies, and environment from an independent and non-governmental point of view. Cooperation on a global scale is not only commendable, it is essential if solutions to the problems facing the world's forests are to be found. To achieve this, modern science needs to draw a clearer picture of relationships between forests, human activity, and the environment, and of the consequences of environmental change for the societies' development and growth. There are several - partly intermingled - evolutionary forest transitions underway: the slow transition from forest area decrease to an increase in the North while deforestation and degradation continues in the South. Although not all deforestation is considered negative, serious social, economic, and environmental costs may be associated with excessive deforestation. Deforestation control is just the first step on the stony path towards sustainable forest management. The forest management transition refers to the shift in the utilization towards managed semi-natural, secondary forests and plantation forests. There are some signs in the North of the forest paradigm shift from sustainable yield to forest ecosystem concepts. How deforestation can be tackled and how these concurrent transitions are effected will have profound implications for the future. These processes involve several challenges with South-North dimensions. A search for an optimum mix of public policies and markets is a global priority both as a forest policy issue and as an inter-sectoral item on the political agenda. Deforestation and transition is discussed here by a team of 14 scientists from both the North and the South. This book offers knowledge, facts, and information about world forests, society, and environment to help us towards equity in our use of the global forest – to create a clearer vision of unasylva.
Author : Susanna Hecht,Anastasia Lucy Yang,Bimbika Sijapati Basnett,Christine Padoch,Nancy L Peluso
Publisher : CIFOR
Page : 37 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2015-11-08
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9786023870134
Migration is not new. In recent decades however, human mobility has increased in numbers and scope and has helped fuel a global shift in the human population from predominantly rural to urban. Migration overall is a livelihood, investment and resilience strategy. It is affected by changes across multiple sectors and at varying scales and is affected by macro policies, transnational networks, regional conditions, local demands, political and social relations, household options and individual desires. Such enhanced mobility, changes in populations and communities in both sending and receiving areas, and the remittances that mobility generates, are key elements of current transitions that have both direct and indirect consequences for forests. Because migration processes engage with rural populations and spaces in the tropics, they inevitably affect forest resources through changes in use and management. Yet links between forests and migration have been overlooked too often in the literature on migration as well as in discussions about forest-based livelihoods. With a focus on landscapes that include tropical forests, this paper explores trends and diversities in the ways in which migration, urbanization and personal remittances affect rural livelihoods and forests.
Author : Matti Palo,Erkki Lehto
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 482 pages
File Size : 41,9 Mb
Release : 2012-02-15
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789048138951
While deforestation continues at an alarming rate around the world, discussions on the range of underlying causes continue. The premise is that studying successful transitions from deforestation to sustainable forestry ex post in Finland can provide novel insights into how deforestation in the tropics might be reduced in the future. Our fundamental question here is why Finland succeeded to stop deforestation for a century ago and why not the same is feasible in the contemporary tropical countries? This book presents a novel integrated theory within which this case study on Finland and contemporary modeling of underlying causes of tropical deforestation are developed. Finland remains the world’s second largest net exporter of forest products, while maintaining the highest forest cover in Europe. A transition from deforestation to sustainable industrial forestry took place in Finland during the first part of the 20th century. The underlying causes of this transition are compared via our theory with deforestation in 74 contemporary tropical countries. Both appear similar and support our theory. The interaction of public policies and market institutions has appeared to be critical during this transition. The study’s findings suggest that private forest ownership with a continuous increase in the real value of forests and alleviation of poverty under non-corruptive conditions has been a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for this transition. In a parallel way public policies have also proved to be a necessary, but not sufficient, condition in this transition. The conclusion is that socialistic forestry along with corruption is artificially maintaining too low values in the tropical forests. The opportunity cost of sustainable forestry remains too high and deforestation by extensification of agriculture therefore continues. The prevailing socialistic forestry with dominating public forest ownership is by purpose maintaining administratively set low stumpage prices leading to low value of forests, wide corruption and continuous forest degradation and deforestation. An effective remedy – to raise the value of forests - is found to be within forestry.
Author : Trevor J. Barnes,Roger Hayter
Publisher : Canadian Western Geographical
Page : 324 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 1997
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951D016039470
These essays and documents analyse and prescribe solutions to the recent troubles in BCs forest industry. Over the past fifteen years the industry has become the centre of a storm of controversy. Environmental protests, aboriginal land claims, reduced quota of allowable cuts, sweeping technological changes, multinational involvement and changing global markets have all shaken the once entrenched faith in BC's "green gold".In Part One, the authors look at the forest as a specific physical environment, the site of disputes involving environmentalists, First Nations Peoples, and the government. Empirical assessment of BC's forest resource base is followed by discussions on therole of government in setting the agenda for the various resource and land use conflicts dogging the industry.Part Two deals with changes within the industry and in the global context. The conflicting demands of new market trends and sustainable development are discussed from several points of view. Important issues such as the effects of free trade and increased multinational investment, the role of research and development and technological change, are addressed.Part Three melds ideas of sustainable growth and local economic development in single industry communities in BC.This timely, provocative collection will help us understand the forces of shaping the troubled landscape of British Columbia's forests.
Author : Herman H. Shugart,Rik Leemans,Gordon B. Bonan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 584 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2005-03-07
Category : Nature
ISBN : 0521619734
The world's boreal forests, which lie to the south of the Arctic, are considered to be the Earth's most significant terrestrial ecosystems. A panel of ecologists here provide a synthesis of the important patterns and processes which occur in boreal forests and review the principal mechanisms which control the forest's patterns.
Author : Ken Drushka
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 284 pages
File Size : 44,9 Mb
Release : 1985
Category : Forest products
ISBN : MINN:319510003108066
Author : Andy White,Alejandra Martin
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : MINN:31951D02030979I
Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2021-02-26
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789251339329
The paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the changes witnessed in the forest sector in China during the last three decades and the key drivers that have contributed to the country’s forest transition. Clearly, such a transition is an outcome of the convergence of several factors, including the emergence of China as an industrial economy, clear and consistent policies, tenure reforms, investment in key forestry programmes, and strengthening science and technology capabilities. The paper also provides an indication of the emerging challenges, including the larger uncertainties stemming from inward-looking policies and the outbreak of global pandemics and crises. This study on forest transition in China will provide valuable insights into what is required to build and sustainably manage forest capital in order to meet the needs and aspirations of all stakeholders, whether global, national or local.
Author : Teppo Hujala,Anne Toppinen,Brett J. Butler
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 359 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2019-11-05
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783030289997
This book transfers the newest service research concepts, such as value co-creation, to family forestry context. The book is aimed at as learning material for higher-education students in Western economies, and as a handbook for forest scientists worldwide. It has a strong theoretical base, but also a practical orientation with examples of novel forest services from different regions and contexts. The five parts of the book are: I Conceptualization of Service Approaches in Family Forestry; II Market and Policy Environment; III Public Service and Business Innovations; IV Communication, Cooperation, and Organizations for Services; and V Transitions Governance. Each part begins with a chapter that is more conceptual and thus sets the stage for the subsequent chapters, which then focus on a regional perspective or some more specific theme under the part’s coverage.
Author : J. Goldammer
Publisher : Birkhäuser
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2013-03-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9783034872560
In evolutionary time scales natural disturbances have affected the vegetation on Earth. During the Quaternary the forest biomes of the tropics were subjected to manifold disturbances. Climate changes and climate oscillations were associated with changing precipitation and drought regimes, flooding, siltation, landslides, etc. The prehistorical forest was also influenced by the effects of large wildlife populations. Large-scale catastrophies in the forest biomes were mainly caused by abiotic environmental alterations, the small-scale disturbances were and still are related to both biotic and abiotic processes. Both the large-and the small-scale disturbances have played a significant role in shaping distribution, dynamics, structure and composition of the paleoforest. After the expansion of hominids and early humans, and later, by modern humans, the anthropogenic influences on the tropical forest began to overlap natural disturbances. Today's anthropogenic impacts on the tropical forests differ qualitatively and quanitatively from the natural disturbances. The speed of tropical deforestation and savannization is dramatically increasing. The physical and chemical impacts of forest conversion and biomass burning add to other anthropogenic influences on the atmosphere and climate. The expected anthropogenic climate change will also have considerable impacts on the tropical flora and fauna. The book on "Tropical Forests in Transition" synthesizes information on changing environmental conditions and human impacts on the tropical forest by looking back to the paleoecology, analyzing the impact of modern human populations and modeling the future of the tropical forest in a changing environment. The aim of the book is to strengthen multidisciplinary thinking in disturbance ecology.
Author : Matti Palo,J. Uusivuori
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 425 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789401147460
This book addresses current global and regional issues concerning the world's forests, societies and the environment from an independent and non-governmental point of view. A main message is that cooperation on a global scale is not only commendable, but essential if solutions to the problems facing the world's forests are to be found. To achieve this, modern science needs to find a clearer picture of relationships between forests, human activity and the environment and of the consequences of environmental change for the ability of societies to survive. Part I, Editorial Perspectives, is analyzing the ongoing globalization processes of forests, societies and the environment. Part II, Society and Environment, reviews worldwide trends with significance for the future of forests and forestry. While the trends are influenced by forest sector issues, that sector is influenced to a much larger extent by external factors - such as demography, urbanization, or technological development. Part III, Importance of Forests, looks at the value of the goods and services of forests; tangible and intangible; market and non-market; and concludes that failure to recognize their full value is one of the crucial impediments to sustainable development. In Part IV, Global Forum, scientists take up global forestry themes - deforestation, trade and the environment, climate change, biodiversity - with the aim of stimulating wider discussion. Part V, Regional Forum, looks at major themes of particular relevance to Africa, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, North America and Europe, such as farm and agroforestry, corruption and concessions, urban forestry and environmental conflicts. Part VI introduces the special theme - forest sectors in transition economies. Teams of scientists from Russia and China focus on the implications of the transition from plan to market economy, illuminating both the very different nature of the forest sector in the two countries and the different transition paths that they have adopted. In the past millennium the entire world has been discovered. In the past half century the contribution of forests to the economy worldwide has been perceived, while only recently have their societal and environmental benefits been globally recognized. Globalization is a demanding process requiring knowledge and information. This book offers knowledge, facts and information – but also values from diverse human and cultural perspectives – about world forests, society and environment to help us towards equity in our use of the global forest, to create a clearer vision on a unasylva.
Author : Arild Angelsen
Publisher : World Bank Publications
Page : 48 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2007
Category : Deforestation
ISBN : UCSD:31822030116586
This paper presents a framework for analyzing tropical deforestation and reforestation using the von Thunen model as its starting point: land is allocated to the use which yields the highest rent, and the rents of various land uses are determined by location. Forest cover change therefore becomes a question of changes in rent of forest versus non-forest use. While this is a simple and powerful starting point, more intriguing issues arise when this is applied to analyze real cases. An initial shift in the rent of one particular land use generates feedbacks which affect the rent of all land uses. For example, a new technology in extensive agriculture should make this land use more profitable and lead to more forest clearing, but general equilibrium effects (changes in prices and local wages) can modify or even reverse this conclusion. Another issue is how a policy change or a shift in broader market, technological, and institutional forces will affect various land use rents. The paper deals with three such areas: technological progress in agriculture, land tenure regimes, and community forest management. The second part of the paper links the von Thunen framework to the forest transition theory. The forest transition theory describes a sequence over time where a forested region goes through a period of deforestation before the forest cover eventually stabilizes and starts to increase. This sequence can be seen as a systematic pattern of change in the agricultural and forest land rents over time. Increasing agricultural rent leads to high rates of deforestation. The slow-down of deforestation and eventual reforestation is due to lower agricultural rents (the economic development path) and higher forest rent (the forest scarcity path). Various forces leading to these changes are discussed and supported by empirical evidence from different tropical regions.
Author : William D. Sunderlin,Jeffrey Hatcher,Megan Liddle
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 64 pages
File Size : 44,8 Mb
Release : 2008
Category : Social Science
ISBN : WISC:89099185415
Author : Christine Padoch,Nancy Lee Peluso
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 1996
Category : Nature
ISBN : MINN:31951D01456574I
The last three decades have brought extraordinary changes to the forests and people of Borneo. Borneo in Transition provides glimpses into particular villages and shows people have responded to some of the most important changes in their social and physical environments.