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Author : Victoria Stavridou
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 1993-07-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 0521443369
Graduate level account of hardware verification and algebraic specification.
Author : Lun Li,Mitchel Thornton
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 79 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 2022-06-01
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9783031798153
Integrated circuit capacity follows Moore's law, and chips are commonly produced at the time of this writing with over 70 million gates per device. Ensuring correct functional behavior of such large designs before fabrication poses an extremely challenging problem. Formal verification validates the correctness of the implementation of a design with respect to its specification through mathematical proof techniques. Formal techniques have been emerging as commercialized EDA tools in the past decade. Simulation remains a predominantly used tool to validate a design in industry. After more than 50 years of development, simulation methods have reached a degree of maturity, however, new advances continue to be developed in the area. A simulation approach for functional verification can theoretically validate all possible behaviors of a design but requires excessive computational resources. Rapidly evolving markets demand short design cycles while the increasing complexity of a design causes simulation approaches to provide less and less coverage. Formal verification is an attractive alternative since 100% coverage can be achieved; however, large designs impose unrealistic computational requirements. Combining formal verification and simulation into a single integrated circuit validation framework is an attractive alternative. This book focuses on an Integrated Design Validation (IDV) system that provides a framework for design validation and takes advantage of current technology in the areas of simulation and formal verification resulting in a practical validation engine with reasonable runtime. After surveying the basic principles of formal verification and simulation, this book describes the IDV approach to integrated circuit functional validation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Formal Methods Background / Simulation Approaches / Integrated Design Validation System / Conclusion and Summary
Author : Douglas L. Perry,Harry Foster
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2005-05-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780071588898
Formal verification is a powerful new digital design method. In this cutting-edge tutorial, two of the field's best known authors team up to show designers how to efficiently apply Formal Verification, along with hardware description languages like Verilog and VHDL, to more efficiently solve real-world design problems. Contents: Simulation-Based Verification * Introduction to Formal Techniques * Contrasting Simulation vs. Formal Techniques * Developing a Formal Test Plan * Writing High-Level Requirements * Proving High-Level Requirements * System Level Simulation * Design Example * Formal Test Plan * Final System Simulation
Author : Rolf Drechsler
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 185 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2013-03-09
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781475731842
Formal verification has become one of the most important steps in circuit design. Since circuits can contain several million transistors, verification of such large designs becomes more and more difficult. Pure simulation cannot guarantee the correct behavior and exhaustive simulation is often impossible. However, many designs, like ALUs, have very regular structures that can be easily described at a higher level of abstraction. For example, describing (and verifying) an integer multiplier at the bit-level is very difficult, while the verification becomes easy when the outputs are grouped to build a bit-string. Recently, several approaches for formal circuit verification have been proposed that make use of these regularities. These approaches are based on Word-Level Decision Diagrams (WLDDs) which are graph-based representations of functions (similar to BDDs) that allow for the representation of functions with a Boolean range and an integer domain. Formal Verification of Circuits is devoted to the discussion of recent developments in the field of decision diagram-based formal verification. Firstly, different types of decision diagrams (including WLDDs) are introduced and theoretical properties are discussed that give further insight into the data structure. Secondly, implementation and minimization concepts are presented. Applications to arithmetic circuit verification and verification of designs specified by hardware description languages are described to show how WLDDs work in practice. Formal Verification of Circuits is intended for CAD developers and researchers as well as designers using modern verification tools. It will help people working with formal verification (in industry or academia) to keep informed about recent developments in this area.
Author : Warren A. Jr. Hunt,Steven D. Johnson
Publisher : Springer
Page : 574 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2007-11-29
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540409229
The biannual Formal Methods in Computer Aided Design conference (FMCAD 2000)is the third in a series of conferences under that title devoted to the use of discrete mathematical methods for the analysis of computer hardware and so- ware. The work reported in this book describes the use of modeling languages and their associated automated analysis tools to specify and verify computing systems. Functional veric ation has become one of the principal costs in a modern computer design e ort. In addition,verica tion of circuit models, timing,power, etc., requires even more eo rt. FMCAD provides a venue for academic and - dustrial researchers and practitioners to share their ideas and experiences of using discrete mathematical modeling and veric ation. It is noted with interest by the conference chairmen how this area has grown from just a few people 15 years ago to a vibrant area of research, development, and deployment. It is clear that these methods are helping reduce the cost of designing computing systems. As an example of this potential cost reduction, we have invited David Russino of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. to describe his veric ation of ?oating-point - gorithms being used in AMD microprocessors. The program includes 30 regular presentations selected from 63 submitted papers.
Author : Mandayam Srivas,Albert Camilleri
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 490 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 1996-10-23
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540619372
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '96, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1996. The 25 revised full papers presented were selected from a total of 65 submissions; also included are three invited survey papers and four tutorial contributions. The volume covers all relevant formal aspects of work in computer-aided systems design, including verification, synthesis, and testing.
Author : Thomas Kropf
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 388 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1997-08-27
Category : Computers
ISBN : 3540634754
This state-of-the-art monograph presents a coherent survey of a variety of methods and systems for formal hardware verification. It emphasizes the presentation of approaches that have matured into tools and systems usable for the actual verification of nontrivial circuits. All in all, the book is a representative and well-structured survey on the success and future potential of formal methods in proving the correctness of circuits. The various chapters describe the respective approaches supplying theoretical foundations as well as taking into account the application viewpoint. By applying all methods and systems presented to the same set of IFIP WG10.5 hardware verification examples, a valuable and fair analysis of the strenghts and weaknesses of the various approaches is given.
Author : Alan J. Hu,Andrew K. Martin
Publisher : Springer
Page : 448 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2005-01-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540304944
These are the proceedings of the fifth international conference, Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD), held 15-17 November 2004 in Austin, Texas, USA. The conference provides a forum for presenting state-of-the-art tools, methods, algorithms, and theory for the application of formalized reasoning to all aspects of computer-aided system design, including specification, verification, synthesis, and testing. FMCAD's heritage dates back 20 years to some of the earliest conferences on the subject of formal reasoning and computer-aided design. Since 1996,FMCAD has assumed its present form, held biennially in North America, alternating with its sister conference CHARME in Europe. We are delighted to report that our research community continues to flourish: we received 69 paper submissions, with many more high-quality papers than we had room to accept. After a rigorous review process, in which each paper received at least three, and typically four or more, independent reviews, we accepted 29 papers for the conference and inclusion in this volume. The conference also included invited talks from Greg Spirakis of Intel Corporation and Wayne Wolf of Princeton University. A conference of this size requires the contributions of numerous people. On the technical side, we are grateful to the program committee and the additional reviewers for their countless hours reviewing submissions and ensuring the intellectual quality of the conference. We would also like to thank the steering committee for their wisdom and guidance. On the logistical side, we thank Christa Mace for designing our website and attending to countless organizational tasks. And we thank our corporate sponsors - AMD, IBM, Intel, and Synopsys - for financial support that helped make this conference possible.
Author : Rajesh Gupta,Paul Le Guernic,Sandeep Kumar Shukla,Jean-Pierre Talpin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 392 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2004-10-01
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1402080514
Perhaps nothing characterizes the inherent heterogeneity in embedded sys tems than the ability to choose between hardware and software implementations of a given system function. Indeed, most embedded systems at their core repre sent a careful division and design of hardware and software parts of the system To do this task effectively, models and methods are necessary functionality. to capture application behavior, needs and system implementation constraints. Formal modeling can be valuable in addressing these tasks. As with most engineering domains, co-design practice defines the state of the it seeks to add new capabilities in system conceptualization, mod art, though eling, optimization and implementation. These advances -particularly those related to synthesis and verification tasks -direct1y depend upon formal under standing of system behavior and performance measures. Current practice in system modeling relies upon exploiting high-level programming frameworks, such as SystemC, EstereI, to capture design at increasingly higher levels of ab straction and attempts to reduce the system implementation task. While raising the abstraction levels for design and verification tasks, to be really useful, these approaches must also provide for reuse, adaptation of the existing intellectual property (IP) blocks.
Author : Dan Craigen,Susan Gerhart
Publisher : William Andrew
Page : 318 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-02
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781437728170
Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques, often supported by reasoning tools, that can offer a rigorous and effective way to model, design and analyze computer systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate international industrial experience in using formal methods. The cases selected are representative of industrial-grade projects and span a variety of application domains. The study had three main objectives: · To better inform deliberations within industry and government on standards and regulations; · To provide an authoritative record on the practical experience of formal methods to date; and À To suggest areas where future research and technology development are needed. This study was undertaken by three experts in formal methods and software engineering: Dan Craigen of ORA Canada, Susan Gerhart of Applied Formal Methods, and Ted Ralston of Ralston Research Associates. Robin Bloomfield of Adelard was involved with the Darlington Nuclear Generating Station Shutdown System case. Support for this study was provided by organizations in Canada and the United States. The Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada (AECB) provided support for Dan Craigen and for the technical editing provided by Karen Summerskill. The U.S. Naval Research Laboratories (NRL), Washington, DC, provided support for all three authors. The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provided support for Ted Ralston.
Author : Robert B. Jones
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 159 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461511014
This volume contains two distinct, but related, approaches to the verification problem, both based on symbolic simulation. It describes new ideas that enable the use of formal methods, specifically symbolic simulation, in validating commercial hardware designs of remarkable complexity.
Author : Jean-Louis Boulanger
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2014-07-22
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781119002925
This book presents real-world examples of formal techniques in an industrial context. It covers formal methods such as SCADE and/or the B Method, in various fields such as railways, aeronautics, and the automotive industry. The purpose of this book is to present a summary of experience on the use of “formal methods” (based on formal techniques such as proof, abstract interpretation and model-checking) in industrial examples of complex systems, based on the experience of people currently involved in the creation and assessment of safety critical system software. The involvement of people from within the industry allows the authors to avoid the usual confidentiality problems which can arise and thus enables them to supply new useful information (photos, architecture plans, real examples, etc.).
Author : Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh,Klaus Havelund,Ivan Perez
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 848 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-19
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783031067730
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on NASA Formal Methods, NFM 2022, held in Pasadena, USA, during May 24-27, 2022. The 33 full and 6 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 118submissions. The volume also contains 6 invited papers. The papers deal with advances in formal methods, formal methods techniques, and formal methods in practice. The focus on topics such as interactive and automated theorem proving; SMT and SAT solving; model checking; use of machine learning and probabilistic reasoning in formal methods; formal methods and graphical modeling languages such as SysML or UML; usability of formal method tools and application in industry, etc.
Author : Ganesh Gopalakrishnan,Phillip Windley
Publisher : Springer
Page : 538 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2003-07-31
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783540495192
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, FMCAD '98, held in Palo Alto, California, USA, in November 1998. The 27 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 55 submissions. Also included are four tools papers and four invited contributions. The papers present the state of the art in formal verification methods for digital circuits and systems, including processors, custom VLSI circuits, microcode, and reactive software. From the methodological point of view, binary decision diagrams, model checking, symbolic reasoning, symbolic simulation, and abstraction methods are covered.
Author : Harry Hsieh,Felice Balarin,Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 141 pages
File Size : 51,5 Mb
Release : 2012-12-06
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9781461516590
An embedded system is loosely defined as any system that utilizes electronics but is not perceived or used as a general-purpose computer. Traditionally, one or more electronic circuits or microprocessors are literally embedded in the system, either taking up roles that used to be performed by mechanical devices, or providing functionality that is not otherwise possible. The goal of this book is to investigate how formal methods can be applied to the domain of embedded system design. The emphasis is on the specification, representation, validation, and design exploration of such systems from a high-level perspective. The authors review the framework upon which the theories and experiments are based, and through which the formal methods are linked to synthesis and simulation. A formal verification methodology is formulated to verify general properties of the designs and demonstrate that this methodology is efficient in dealing with the problem of complexity and effective in finding bugs. However, manual intervention in the form of abstraction selection and separation of timing and functionality is required. It is conjectured that, for specific properties, efficient algorithms exist for completely automatic formal validations of systems. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems presents a brand new formal approach to high-level equivalence analysis. It opens design exploration avenues previously uncharted. It is a work that can stand alone but at the same time is fully compatible with the synthesis and simulation framework described in another book by Kluwer Academic Publishers Hardware-Software Co-Design of Embedded Systems: The POLIS Approach, by Balarin et al. Synchronous Equivalence: Formal Methods for Embedded Systems will be of interest to embedded system designers (automotive electronics, consumer electronics, and telecommunications), micro-controller designers, CAD developers and students, as well as IP providers, architecture platform designers, operating system providers, and designers of VLSI circuits and systems.