Fortress Conservation And International Accountability For Human Rights Violations Against Batwa In Kahuzi Biega National Park

Author : Colin Luoma
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912938506

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Fortress Conservation and International Accountability for Human Rights Violations against Batwa in Kahuzi-Biega National Park by Colin Luoma Pdf

The Kahuzi-Biega National Park (‘PNKB’) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo presents an existential threat to the indigenous Batwa people. For millennia, Batwa occupied the forests surrounding Mount Kahuzi and Mount Biega, utilizing traditional ecological knowledge and sustainable practices to foster one of the most biodiverse places on the planet. The creation of the PNKB in the 1970s forced Batwa from their ancestral lands, rendering them deeply impoverished, landless, dependent and culturally disconnected. When they seek to return home and access their lands and resources, they are subjected to extreme violence by park authorities who treat them as trespassers, poachers and enemies of conservation. This report situates the serious human rights violations suffered by Batwa in the PNKB within the broader global phenomenon of ‘fortress conservation’ and analyses the respective roles and accountability of the park’s core international partners. Ongoing violence against Batwa in the PNKB is a stark reminder of the immense human and environmental costs associated with pursuing conservation policies that prevent indigenous peoples from owning, governing, accessing and benefiting from their territories and resources. These policies are bolstered by donors, global NGOs and international organizations which enable and tacitly uphold a violent and anti-indigenous status quo in the PNKB and other protected areas. Donors, conservation organizations and other international partners of the PNKB have failed to adequately ensure that their support did not contribute to human rights violations committed against Batwa. These international partners had explicit knowledge of unresolved human rights abuses committed by ecoguards, as well as threats of imminent violence against Batwa communities living inside the park. Yet, they continued to equip, fund and train ecoguards and actively promoted the increasing militarization of the PNKB. This militarization has resulted in overly aggressive policing and military-style actions by ecoguards (often jointly with the Congolese Army) who explicitly target, criminalize and brutalize Batwa. At the same time, the park consistently fails to meet environmental expectations and objectives. Thus, the PNKB represents a clear case of how fortress conservation fails both people and the environment. Regrettably, it is not an isolated example of flawed conservation policy. Instead, it is indicative of the institutional shortcomings and systemic failures inherent in the dominant ways in which conservation is pursued by states and promoted by international conservation actors in the Congo Basin and in other parts of the world.

Author : Colin Luoma
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 70 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1912938499

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Fortress Conservation and International Accountability for Human Rights Violations Against Batwa in Kahuzi-Biega National Park by Colin Luoma Pdf

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912938452

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A Situação das Pessoas Negras com Deficiência no Brasil by Anonim Pdf

The Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a protected area and UNESCO World Heritage site that has received funding and material support from the German and US governments among other international supporters, has long been celebrated as one of the most biodiverse places on the planet. However, park authorities there have engaged in a three-year program of violent forced expulsions targeting the original human inhabitants of the park—the indigenous Batwa of Kahuzi-Biega, who are among the most marginalized groups in the country. This report, To Purge the Forest by Force, documents the highly organized, grievous and widespread human rights abuses jointly carried out by park guards and Congolese Army soldiers against Batwa between 2019 and 2021. In October 2018, after four decades of broken promises of resettlement, reparations and justice from the Congolese government and other stakeholders, segments of Batwa communities returned to the park, rebuilding villages on their ancestral lands. Their return was met with swift and devastating violence by park authorities. The report presents evidence of park guards and soldiers conducting three large-scale operations between 2019-2021, targeting at least seven highly populated Batwa-inhabited villages inside the park, along with numerous smaller-scale evictions and acts of repression. Among other abuses, dozens of Batwa have been killed, injured, arbitrarily detained or subjected to violent group rape, in what amounts to a systematic campaign of violence designed to terrorize Batwa and drive them out of the park. These large-scale operations are illustrative flashpoints in the decades-long process of marginalization and brutalization visited upon Batwa in the name of conservation. Ongoing violence is rooted in the original expulsion from their ancestral homeland to pave the way for the creation of the park in the 1970s, forcing an already marginalized indigenous community into decades of grinding impoverishment, landlessness and displacement. The story of the Batwa of Kahuzi-Biega is not an isolated incident. Instead, it is emblematic of the widespread, systemic violence inherent in the rigidly colonial conservation model widely used in East and Central Africa, funded and facilitated by a network of international entities, with deadly consequences for indigenous peoples and local communities living in the vicinity of protected areas. The tragic events detailed in this report have been made possible by a culture of impunity that devalues indigenous life in service of a highly militarized approach inherent in the ‘fortress conservation’ model, excluding the land’s original inhabitants in violation of international law.

Author : Robert Flummerfelt
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 92 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2022-04-05
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912938469

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To Purge the Forest by Force: Organized violence against Batwa in Kahuzi-Biega National Park by Robert Flummerfelt Pdf

The Kahuzi-Biega National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a protected area and UNESCO World Heritage site that has received funding and material support from the German and US governments among other international supporters, has long been celebrated as one of the most biodiverse places on the planet. However, park authorities there have engaged in a three-year program of violent forced expulsions targeting the original human inhabitants of the park—the indigenous Batwa of Kahuzi-Biega, who are among the most marginalized groups in the country. This report, To Purge the Forest by Force, documents the highly organized, grievous and widespread human rights abuses jointly carried out by park guards and Congolese Army soldiers against Batwa between 2019 and 2021. In October 2018, after four decades of broken promises of resettlement, reparations and justice from the Congolese government and other stakeholders, segments of Batwa communities returned to the park, rebuilding villages on their ancestral lands. Their return was met with swift and devastating violence by park authorities. The report presents evidence of park guards and soldiers conducting three large-scale operations between 2019-2021, targeting at least seven highly populated Batwa-inhabited villages inside the park, along with numerous smaller-scale evictions and acts of repression. Among other abuses, dozens of Batwa have been killed, injured, arbitrarily detained or subjected to violent group rape, in what amounts to a systematic campaign of violence designed to terrorize Batwa and drive them out of the park. These large-scale operations are illustrative flashpoints in the decades-long process of marginalization and brutalization visited upon Batwa in the name of conservation. Ongoing violence is rooted in the original expulsion from their ancestral homeland to pave the way for the creation of the park in the 1970s, forcing an already marginalized indigenous community into decades of grinding impoverishment, landlessness and displacement. The story of the Batwa of Kahuzi-Biega is not an isolated incident. Instead, it is emblematic of the widespread, systemic violence inherent in the rigidly colonial conservation model widely used in East and Central Africa, funded and facilitated by a network of international entities, with deadly consequences for indigenous peoples and local communities living in the vicinity of protected areas. The tragic events detailed in this report have been made possible by a culture of impunity that devalues indigenous life in service of a highly militarized approach inherent in the ‘fortress conservation’ model, excluding the land’s original inhabitants in violation of international law.

Author : Peter Grant
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 212 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-15
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912938407

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Minority and Indigenous Trends 2022: Focus on Work by Peter Grant Pdf

Work is central to a whole host of other rights, providing the basis for a safe, healthy and dignified existence. For members of minorities, indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups such as migrants, however, it is all too often an arena of discrimination, abuse and exploitation. From poor pay and dangerous working conditions to a lack of basic labour protections and barriers to promotion, the challenges they face are wide ranging and often entangled in other areas of inequality, such as access to education. This volume brings together thematic chapters and case studies that explore different dimensions of work-related exclusion, from the legacy of colonialism in today’s economy to the persistence of slavery and caste-based discrimination. While abuse and exploitation are often rooted in specific local histories and social contexts, the increasingly interlinked nature of globalization has meant that companies, governments and consumers are now complicit in forced labour and other rights violations taking place elsewhere. A truly fair and inclusive labour market would deliver a wide range of economic and societal benefits, creating opportunities for marginalized workers to participate fully in the formal economy with the same rights, protections and support as those enjoyed by others, guaranteed by international law. Beyond this, however, it has the potential to deliver lasting change to the situation of minorities, indigenous peoples and migrants worldwide, ensuring they receive a proper share of any economic gains in their countries and can participate fully in public life.

Author : Daniëlla Dam-de Jong,Britta Sjöstedt
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 453 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2023-08-14
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781789906929

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Research Handbook on International Law and Environmental Peacebuilding by Daniëlla Dam-de Jong,Britta Sjöstedt Pdf

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. This incisive Research Handbook addresses the growing recognition within the international law community that natural resource governance and environmental protection are crucial aspects of peace processes, both as a security imperative and as an opportunity for peacebuilding. Examining the impact of international normative and institutional frameworks on environmental peacebuilding, this Research Handbook features contributions from distinguished experts and global case studies on integrated legal approaches to the governance of natural resources.

Author : Colin Luoma
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 76 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-05
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781912938520

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La conservation forteresse et la responsabilité internationale en cas de violations des droits humains perpétrés contre les Batwa dans le parc national de Kahuzi-Biega by Colin Luoma Pdf

Le parc national de Kahuzi-Biega (« PNKB ») en République démocratique du Congo présente une menace existentielle pour le peuple indigène Batwa. Pendant des millénaires, les Batwa ont occupé les forêts entourant le mont Kahuzi et le mont Biega, utilisant les connaissances écologiques traditionnelles et les pratiques durables pour favoriser l'un des endroits les plus riches en biodiversité de la planète. La création du PNKB dans les années 1970 a forcé les Batwa à quitter leurs terres ancestrales, les rendant profondément appauvris, sans terre, dépendants et culturellement déconnectés. Lorsqu'ils cherchent à rentrer chez eux et à accéder à leurs terres et à leurs ressources, ils sont soumis à une violence extrême de la part des autorités du parc qui les traitent comme des intrus, des braconniers et des ennemis de la conservation. Ce rapport situe les graves violations des droits humains subies par les Batwa dans le PNKB dans le cadre du phénomène mondial plus large de la « conservation des forteresses » et analyse les rôles respectifs et la responsabilité des principaux partenaires internationaux du parc. La violence continue contre les Batwa dans le PNKB est un rappel brutal des immenses coûts humains et environnementaux associés à la poursuite de politiques de conservation qui empêchent les peuples autochtones de posséder, gouverner, accéder et bénéficier de leurs territoires et ressources. Ces politiques sont soutenues par des donateurs, des ONG mondiales et des organisations internationales qui permettent et maintiennent tacitement un statu quo violent et anti-indigène dans le PNKB et d'autres aires protégées. Les bailleurs de fonds, les organisations de conservation et les autres partenaires internationaux du PNKB n'ont pas suffisamment assuré que leur soutien ne contribuait pas aux violations des droits humains commises contre les Batwa. Ces partenaires internationaux avaient une connaissance explicite des violations non résolues des droits de l'homme commises par les écogardes, ainsi que des menaces de violence imminente contre les communautés batwa vivant à l'intérieur du parc. Pourtant, ils ont continué à équiper, financer et former des écogardes et ont activement encouragé la militarisation croissante du PNKB. Cette militarisation a entraîné des actions policières et militaires trop agressives de la part des écogardes (souvent conjointement avec l'armée congolaise) qui ciblent, criminalisent et brutalisent explicitement les Batwa. Dans le même temps, le parc échoue systématiquement à répondre aux attentes et aux objectifs environnementaux. Ainsi, le PNKB représente un exemple clair de la façon dont la conservation des forteresses échoue à la fois pour les personnes et pour l'environnement. Malheureusement, ce n'est pas un exemple isolé de politique de conservation défectueuse. Au lieu de cela, il est révélateur des lacunes institutionnelles et des échecs systémiques inhérents aux manières dominantes dont la conservation est poursuivie par les États et promue par les acteurs internationaux de la conservation dans le bassin du Congo et dans d'autres parties du monde.

Author : Lara Domínguez,Colin Luoma,Minority Rights Group
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 16 pages
File Size : 52,6 Mb
Release : 2020-12-17
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781912938278

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Violent Conservation: WWF’s Failure to Prevent, Respond to and Remedy Human Rights Abuses Committed on its Watch by Lara Domínguez,Colin Luoma,Minority Rights Group Pdf

In April 2019, WWF appointed an Independent Panel of Experts to assess its role in connection with alleged human rights violations in and around protected areas supported by WWF in Cameroon, the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the Republic of Congo, Nepal, and India. The alleged abuses included multiple instances of murder, rape, torture, physical beatings, unlawful arrest and detention, invasion of homes, and destruction and theft of personal property committed by ecoguards whose activities WWF helped fund and support. The Panel’s report, published in November 2020, found that in all the protected areas under review, WWF had knowledge of the alleged abuses. In half of these protected areas WWF failed to conduct investigations and in the remaining protected areas it only commissioned investigations several years after the alleged incidents were first reported. The Panel’s findings confirm that, over many years and in multiple countries, WWF consistently failed to take adequate steps to prevent, respond to and remedy alleged human rights abuses in and around protected areas it supports. Despite these clear findings, the Panel’s executive summary and accompanying press releases from both the Panel and WWF have obscured the scope and nature of the Panel’s findings with respect to WWF’s failure to uphold its human rights commitments. To counter this mischaracterization of the Report, the alternative executive summary contained in this briefing elucidates and clarifies the Report’s salient findings, based on a thorough review of what the Panel actually determined through the course of its investigation. In so doing, it points to some of the deeper structural reforms necessary to address the flaws in the coercive conservation model that lies at the root of the allegations subject to the Panel’s investigation.

Author : Stefan Disko,Helen Tugendhat
Publisher : International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs
Page : 580 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2014
Category : Human rights
ISBN : UCSD:31822041245713

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World Heritage Sites and Indigenous Peoples' Rights by Stefan Disko,Helen Tugendhat Pdf

This book includes twenty case studies of World Heritage sites from around the world that explore, from a human rights perspective, indigenous peoples' experiences with World Heritage sites and with the processes of the World Heritage Convention. The book will serve as a resource for indigenous peoples, World Heritage site managers, and UNESCO, as well as academics, and it will contribute to discussions about what changes or actions are needed to ensure that World Heritage sites can play a consistently positive role for indigenous peoples, in line with the spirit of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

Author : Kathe Jepsen,Kathrine Broch Hansen
Publisher : International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs IWGIA
Page : 600 pages
File Size : 55,8 Mb
Release : 2017-05-30
Category : Civil rights
ISBN : 8792786723

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The Indigenous World 2017 by Kathe Jepsen,Kathrine Broch Hansen Pdf

In over sixty articles and country reports, The Indigenous World 2017 gives a comprehensive update on the current situation of indigenous peoples and their human rights and reports on the most important developments in international processes of relevance to indigenous peoples during 2016. The yearbook is an essential source of information and an indispensable tool for those who need to be informed about the most recent issues and developments that have impacted indigenous peoples worldwide. The Indigenous World is produced by the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA) in collaboration with indigenous and non-indigenous scholars and activists.

Author : Réseau des Associations Autochtones Pygmées du Congo
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2004-07-06
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781904584216

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‘Erasing the Board’ Report of the international research mission into crimes under international law committed against the Bambuti Pygmies in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo by Réseau des Associations Autochtones Pygmées du Congo Pdf

War crimes and crimes against humanity, including persecution, murder, forcible population transfer, torture, rape and extermination, have been committed against the Bambuti Pygmies in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). These crimes have taken place since the start of the second war in 1998 and continue up to the present. Bambuti communities remain at grave risk. The atrocities have been committed in the context of a war which has cost over 3.3 million lives through violence and conflict-related starvation and disease. Over 60,000 people have been killed in the north-eastern district of Ituri alone, according to United Nations estimates. The involvement of neighbouring states in the conflict, including Rwanda and Uganda, has been justified by them on security grounds, but is also directed towards the large-scale plunder of the DRC’s natural resources, including gold, diamonds and other minerals. This report details evidence of crimes committed against the Bambuti and makes a series of recommendations for advancing justice and preventing further violence.

Author : Miranda Bruce-Mitford,Minority Rights Group
Publisher : Chicago : St. James Press
Page : 456 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1990
Category : Social Science
ISBN : UOM:39015019590903

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World Directory of Minorities by Miranda Bruce-Mitford,Minority Rights Group Pdf

Indeholder også et appendix med uddrag af FN- og andre dokumenter, som omhandler menneskerettighederne

Author : Derrick Jensen,Aric McBay,Lierre Keith
Publisher : Seven Stories Press
Page : 606 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 2011-01-04
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781609801427

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Deep Green Resistance by Derrick Jensen,Aric McBay,Lierre Keith Pdf

For years, Derrick Jensen has asked his audiences, "Do you think this culture will undergo a voluntary transformation to a sane and sustainable way of life?" No one ever says yes. Deep Green Resistance starts where the environmental movement leaves off: industrial civilization is incompatible with life. Technology can't fix it, and shopping—no matter how green—won’t stop it. To save this planet, we need a serious resistance movement that can bring down the industrial economy. Deep Green Resistance evaluates strategic options for resistance, from nonviolence to guerrilla warfare, and the conditions required for those options to be successful. It provides an exploration of organizational structures, recruitment, security, and target selection for both aboveground and underground action. Deep Green Resistance also discusses a culture of resistance and the crucial support role that it can play. Deep Green Resistance is a plan of action for anyone determined to fight for this planet—and win.

Author : John Martinussen
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 386 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 1997-02-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 185649442X

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Society, State and Market by John Martinussen Pdf

As the only textbook that presents the full range of theoretical approaches and current debates on economic development, John Martinussen's guide is an essential reader and student text on this topic.

Author : John Beauclerk
Publisher : Oxfam Pub
Page : 62 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 1993
Category : Social Science
ISBN : STANFORD:36105070157230

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Hunters and Gatherers in Central Africa by John Beauclerk Pdf

Examines the traditional economy of indigenous forest communities in the Zaire Basin, and the pressure put on it by commercial interests, competing cultivators, and national governments.