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Independent Learning in the Foundation Stage by Ros Bayley,Sally Featherstone Pdf
Developing children as independent learners starts in the early years. Scientific evidence as well as the experience of experts confirms that children between three and six learn most effectively by doing. This work looks at the theory of independent learning and describes how practitioners can plan and resource the early years.
Foundations for Independence by Sally Featherstone,Ros Bayley Pdf
The authors look at the theory of independent learning and describe how practitioners can plan and resource the early years in order to create the conditions for children to develop into self-motivated, autonomous learners.
The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy by Brad Epperly Pdf
This book argues that explaining judicial independence-considered the fundamental question of comparative law and politics-requires a perspective that spans the democracy/autocracy divide. Rather than seeking separate explanations in each regime context, in The Political Foundations of Judicial Independence in Dictatorship and Democracy, Brad Epperly argues that political competition is a salient factor in determining levels of de facto judicial independence across regime type, and in autocracies a factor of far greater import. This is because a full "insurance" account of independence requires looking not only at the likelihood those in power might lose elections but also the variable risks associated with such an outcome, risks that are far higher for autocrats. First demonstrating that courts can and do provide insurance to former leaders, he then shows via exhaustive cross-national analyses that competition's effects are far higher in autocratic regimes, providing the first evidence for the causal nature of the relationship. Epperly argues that these findings differ from existing case study research because in democratic regimes, a lack of political competition means incumbents target the de jure independence of courts. This argument is illustrated via in-depth case study of the Hungarian Constitutional Court after the country's 2010 "constitutional coup," and then tested globally. Blending formal theory, observational and instrumental variables models, and elite interviews of leading Hungarian legal scholars and judges, Epperly offers a new framework for understanding judicial independence that integrates explanations of both de jure and de facto independence in both democratic and autocratic regimes.
Foundations of Freedom by Thomas Jefferson,Alexander Hamilton Pdf
Common Sense inflamed its readers and ignited the American Revolution. It was here that our constitutional form of government was first suggested. The forces that were focused and unleashed by Common Sense led directly to The Declaration of Independence. The Declaration led to the American Revolution and the United States' victory in that revolution led to the Articles of Confederation. Dissatisfaction with the Articles caused Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison to write The Federalist Papers, which then led to the United States Constitution as we know it today. Here in one volume are these cornerstones of American freedom.
The Culture of Judicial Independence by Shimon Shetreet,Christopher Forsyth Pdf
The creation of a culture of Judicial Independence is of a central significance both in national domestic legal systems, as well as for the international courts and tribunals. The main aim of this volume is to analyze the development of a culture of Judicial Independence in comparative perspectives, to offer an examination of the conceptual foundations of the principle of judicial independence and to discuss in detail the practical challenges facing judiciaries in different jurisdictions. The proposed volume is based on the papers presented at the five conferences held in the framework of The International Project on Judicial independence. The editors of this volume and the contributors to it are leading scholars and distinguished experts on judicial independence and judiciaries.
Handbook on Corporate Foundations by Lonneke Roza,Steffen Bethmann,Lucas Meijs,Georg von Schnurbein Pdf
Companies increasingly play a meaningful role in civil society and the philanthropic sector through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Corporate Philanthropy (CP). The most well studied form of allocating these resources is through outright contributions to operating external foundations and other nonprofit organizations. However, far less is known about the use of corporate foundations, separate and independent nonprofit entities aimed at channeling corporate giving to a social mission related to a company. Corporate foundations are often linked to the founding company through their name, funding, trustees, administration and potential employee involvement. As these foundations are growing in number, size and importance and becoming increasingly visible in the philanthropic sector, the urgency to understand their role and functioning becomes more important. The primary aim of this volume is to deliver a holistic analysis of the current state-of-the-art on corporate foundations. For that reason, the book includes different perspectives on and use a hybrid concept of corporate foundations. The book includes three main parts. First, looking further into the organizational processes of corporate foundations, the book analyzes governance and operations as major aspects of organizational performance. Second, it sheds light on the role of corporate foundations in various institutional settings. Lastly, the book includes various stakeholder perspectives on corporate foundations, including corporate employees, beneficiaries, and their non-profit partners. By reading the book, readers will build a comprehensive understanding of the role and functioning of corporate foundations, understand new avenues for research and, in case they are practitioners in the field, find practical advice rooted in academic research.
This book examines the evolving dynamics driving philanthropy as Western society struggles to meet today's many challenges. The author takes a hard look at the sensitive issues of democratic legitimacy, accountability and credibility in the context of civil society, as well as the changing policy environment in which foundations operate. He argues that effective philanthropy is "impact driven" and depends on a strategic mix of methodologies that reach beyond grant-giving. The arguments challenge the status quo and deliver a wake up call to philanthropists on both sides of the Atlantic. The book intends to spark an ongoing debate as the sector strives to strengthen its relevance and make a real difference in a world that is becoming more complex than ever before. About 80% to 90% of existing literature is from the Anglo-Saxon perspective and written by academics. This book represents a uniquely European perspective from a practitioner with more than 20 years experience in the field. Because of foundations' hefty - and growing - financial endowment, the questions of value creation, democratic legitimacy, intergenerational transfer of wealth, the payout rate and accountability are being debated. The author offers a European perspective on these issues. A new and dynamic philanthropy is emerging as foundations take on new roles in communities. These roles are examined within the context of different civil society models. A new role is emerging - that of convenor, or "catalytic converter", which brings various stakeholders together around a particular issue and then advocates for political and/or social change. The author ultimately argues for "impact driven" philanthropy and gives practical examples of how to get there. Challenges in our globalized world require both local and global solutions. The author urges European foundations to become more European and address the myriad challenges facing a reintegrated continent. He also urges them to assume a stronger leadership role on global issues such as HIV/AIDs, poverty, ethical challenges and drug policy.
Turkish Foundations in Rhodes and Kos by Mustafa Kaymakçı, Cihan Özgün, Fırat Yaldız Pdf
Turks living in the Aegean islands of Rhodes and Kos under Greek sovereignty have a multitude of problems at present. These can be summarized under various headings such as Citizenship, the Right to Education in Turkish, Free Practice of Religion, Environment of Hatred and Oppression, Foundations (Waqfs) and Protection of Cultural Heritage Inherited from the Ottoman Turks. Greece has been implementing various policies for the cultural assimilation of Island Turks. Part of cultural assimilation policies adopted by Greece was its actions towards cutting off all ties between the Turkish foundations and island Turks, and consequently destroying architectural monuments inherited from the Ottomans. It is known that establishment of the foundations on the islands started with the Ottoman conquest of Rhodes and Kos in 1522. Over the centuries, foundations led to the development of a feeling of unity and solidarity among the island Turks. Foundations have provided opportunities for island Turks in important areas from worship services to education and has also contributed to the preservation of common traditions. After the end of the Second World War, the island was assigned to the sovereignty of Greece in 1947, Greece started launching a policy for the gradual destruction of Muslim Turkish foundations. Unlike other foundations in Greece, foundations in Rhodes and Kos are subject to heavy taxes in addition to the same property taxes as commercial institutions. On the other hand, the Greek governments compelled the foundations to sell part of their properties by continuously forcing the Foundation Administration to make huge payments. By dwindling the Turkish foundations, Greece has been trying to bring the Turkish presence in Rhodes and Kos to an end. In summary, the Turks living in Rhodes and Kos today are on the brink of losing their Turkishness let alone preserving their cultural identity, including foundations. An atmosphere of fear prevails among the island Turks and they feel intimidated. We wish that the book Turkish Foundations in Rhodes and Kos will be beneficial to researchers who will conduct studies on this subject and also raise awareness in the international arena on the assimilation policies implemented by Greece.
Performance Measurement in Philanthropic Foundations by Helmut K. Anheier,Diana Leat Pdf
The growth of philanthropic foundations in numbers and significance raises two immediate questions. First, what makes for success and failure of foundations’ projects and activities? Second, what yardsticks or benchmarks are used to measure performance and track goal attainment? The purpose of this book is to delve deeper into the complex set of issues that lie behind the performance and wider impact of philanthropy. Performance Measurement in Philanthropic Foundations looks at the strengths and weaknesses of philanthropic foundations, which are independent of both the market and ballot box and yet open to signal and incentive deficiencies. The authors use in-depth case studies from different countries to illustrate the problems and challenge much of the conventional wisdom on foundation "success" and "failure." The book also outlines the main contours of a proactive governance and management style to address those problems.
Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems by Marc Gyssens,Guillermo Simari Pdf
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Foundations of Information and Knowledge Systems, FoIKS 2016, held in Linz, Austria, in March 2016. The 14 revised full papers presented papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 23 submissions. The papers address various topics such as reasoning about beliefs, uncertainty, incompleteness, and inconsistency, inference and problem solving, querying and pattern mining, dealing with knowledge, logics and complexity.
