From Mercenaries To Market

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From Mercenaries to Market

Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
From Mercenaries to Market Book PDF

Author : Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 43,9 Mb
Release : 2007-07-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191566516

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From Mercenaries to Market by Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt Pdf

Frequently characterized as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vacuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and which play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states. Executive Outcomes turned around an orphaned conflict in Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s; Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) was instrumental in shifting the balance of power in the Balkans, enabling the Croatian military to defeat Serb forces and clear the way for the Dayton negotiations; in Iraq, estimates of the number of private contractors on the ground are in the tens of thousands. As they assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation. This volume examines these issues with a focus on governance, in particular the interaction between regulation and market forces. It analyzes the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead. The book as a whole is organized around four sets of questions, which are reflected in the four parts of the book. First, why and how is regulation of PMCs now a challenging issue? Secondly, how have problems leading to a call for regulation manifested in different regions and contexts? Third, what regulatory norms and institutions currently exist and how effective are they? And, fourth, what role has the market to play in regulation?

From Mercenaries to Market

Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
From Mercenaries to Market Book PDF

Author : Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 287 pages
File Size : 40,8 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 0199563896

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From Mercenaries to Market by Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt Pdf

Frequently characterised as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vacuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and which play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states.Executive Outcomes turned around an orphaned conflict in Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s; Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) was instrumental in shifting the balance of power in the Balkans, enabling the Croatian military to defeat Serb forces and clear the way for the Dayton negotiations; in Iraq, estimates of the number of private contractors on the ground are in the tens of thousands. As they assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation.From Mercenaries to Market examines these issues with a focus on governance, in particular the interaction between regulation and market forces. It analyses the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead. The book as a whole is organised around four sets of questions, which are reflected in the four parts of the book. Why and how is regulation of PMCs now a challenging issue? How have problems leading to a call for regulation manifested in different regions and contexts? What regulatory norms and institutions currently exist and how effective are they? What role has the market to play in regulation?

The Modern Mercenary

Sean McFate
The Modern Mercenary Book PDF

Author : Sean McFate
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 269 pages
File Size : 46,6 Mb
Release : 2017-05-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780190621087

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The Modern Mercenary by Sean McFate Pdf

In The Modern Mercenary, Sean McFate lays bare this opaque world, explaining the economic structure of the industry and showing in detail how firms operate on the ground. A former U.S. Army paratrooper and private military contractor, McFate provides an unparalleled perspective into the nuts and bolts of the industry, as well as a sobering prognosis for the future of war. While at present, the U.S. government and U.S. firms dominate the market, private military companies are emerging from other countries, and warlords and militias have restyled themselves as private security companies in places like Afghanistan and Somalia. To understand how the proliferation of private forces may influence international relations, McFate looks back to the European Middle Ages, when mercenaries were common and contract warfare the norm. He concludes that international relations in the twenty-first century may have more in common with the twelfth century than the twentieth. This "back to the future" situation, which he calls "neomedievalism," is not necessarily a negative condition, but it will produce a global system that contains rather than solves problems.

The Market for Force

Deborah D. Avant
The Market for Force Book PDF

Author : Deborah D. Avant
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 332 pages
File Size : 48,7 Mb
Release : 2005-07-25
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 1139446541

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The Market for Force by Deborah D. Avant Pdf

The legitimate use of force is generally presumed to be the realm of the state. However, the flourishing role of the private sector in security over the last twenty years has brought this into question. In this book Deborah Avant examines the privatization of security and its impact on the control of force. She describes the growth of private security companies, explains how the industry works, and describes its range of customers – including states, non-government organisations and commercial transnational corporations. She charts the inevitable trade-offs that the market for force imposes on the states, firms and people wishing to control it, suggests a new way to think about the control of force, and offers a model of institutional analysis that draws on both economic and sociological reasoning. The book contains case studies drawn from the US and Europe as well as Africa and the Middle East.

Mercenaries and War

National Defense University Press,Sean McFate
Mercenaries and War Book PDF

Author : National Defense University Press,Sean McFate
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 56 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2019-12-18
Category : Mercenary troops
ISBN : 1678665231

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Mercenaries and War by National Defense University Press,Sean McFate Pdf

Mercenaries are more powerful than experts realize, a grave oversight. Those who assume they are cheap imitations of national armed forces invite disaster because for-profit warriors are a wholly different genus and species of fighter. Private military companies such as the Wagner Group are more like heavily armed multinational corporations than the Marine Corps. Their employees are recruited from different countries, and profitability is everything. Patriotism is unimportant, and sometimes a liability. Unsurprisingly, mercenaries do not fight conventionally, and traditional war strategies used against them may backfire.

From Mercenaries to Market

Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
From Mercenaries to Market Book PDF

Author : Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2007-07-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 0199228485

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From Mercenaries to Market by Simon Chesterman,Chia Lehnardt Pdf

This book considers the growing importance of private military companies and efforts to regulate their activities. Private actors are thought by some to be mercenaries; others see them as the market's response to a security vacuum. This book looks at the use of potentially lethal force by non-state actors; how this has differed in situations such as Sierra Leone and Iraq; what rules currently constrain the behaviour of private military companies; and what forces shape the development of this new market.

Armies Without States

Robert Mandel
Armies Without States Book PDF

Author : Robert Mandel
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Publishers
Page : 194 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2002
Category : Internal security
ISBN : 1588260666

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Armies Without States by Robert Mandel Pdf

The book concludes with an assessment of the complexities surrounding responses to security privatization - and an exploration of when, and whether, it should be promoted rather than prevented."--BOOK JACKET.

Private Security, Public Order

Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher
Private Security Public Order Book PDF

Author : Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher
Publisher : OUP Oxford
Page : 272 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2009-11-05
Category : Law
ISBN : 9780191610271

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Private Security, Public Order by Simon Chesterman,Angelina Fisher Pdf

Private actors are increasingly taking on roles traditionally arrogated to the state. Both in the industrialized North and the developing South, functions essential to external and internal security and to the satisfaction of basic human needs are routinely contracted out to non-state agents. In the area of privatization of security functions, attention by academics and policy makers tends to focus on the activities of private military and security companies, especially in the context of armed conflicts, and their impact on human rights and post-conflict stability and reconstruction. The first edited volume emerging from New York University School of Law's Institute for International Justice project on private military and security companies, From Mercenaries to Market: The Rise and Regulation of Private Military Companies broadened this debate to situate the private military phenomenon in the context of moves towards the regulation of activities through market and non-market mechanisms. Where that first volume looked at the emerging market for use of force, this second volume looks at the transformations in the nature of state authority. Drawing on insights from work on privatization, regulation, and accountability in the emerging field of global administrative law, the book examines private military and security companies through the wider lens of private actors performing public functions. In the past two decades, the responsibilities delegated to such actors - especially but not only in the United States - have grown exponentially. The central question of this volume is whether there should be any limits on government capacity to outsource traditionally "public" functions. Can and should a government put out to private tender the fulfilment of military, intelligence, and prison services? Can and should it transfer control of utilities essential to life, such as the supply of water? This discussion incorporates numerous perspectives on regulatory and governance issues in the private provision of public functions, but focuses primarily on private actors offering services that impact the fundamental rights of the affected population.

Outsourcing Security

Bruce Edwin Stanley
Outsourcing Security Book PDF

Author : Bruce Edwin Stanley
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
Page : 264 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781612347608

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Outsourcing Security by Bruce Edwin Stanley Pdf

Faced with a decreasing supply of national troops, dwindling defense budgets, and the ever-rising demand for boots on the ground in global conflicts and humanitarian emergencies, decision makers are left with little choice but to legalize and legitimize the use of private military contractors (PMCs). Outsourcing Security examines the impact that bureaucratic controls and the increasing permissiveness of security environments have had on the U.S. military’s growing use of PMCs during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Bruce E. Stanley examines the relationship between the rise of the private security industry and five potential explanatory variables tied to supply-and-demand theory in six historical cases, including Operation Desert Storm in 1991, the U.S. intervention in Bosnia in 1995, and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Outsourcing Security is the only work that moves beyond a descriptive account of the rise of PMCs to lay out a precise theory explaining the phenomenon and providing a framework for those considering PMCs in future global interaction.

Mercenaries

Col. Michael Lee Lanning
Mercenaries Book PDF

Author : Col. Michael Lee Lanning
Publisher : Presidio Press
Page : 294 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2007-12-18
Category : History
ISBN : 9780307416049

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Mercenaries by Col. Michael Lee Lanning Pdf

SOLDIERS OF $$ Privateers, contract killers, corporate warriors. Contract soldiers go by many names, but they all have one thing in common: They fight for money and plunder rather than liberty, God, or country. Now acclaimed author and war vet Michael Lee Lanning traces the compelling history of these fighting machines–from the “Sea Peoples” who fought for the pharaohs’ greater glory to today’s soldiers for hire from private military companies (PMCs) in Iraq and Afghanistan. What emerges is a fascinating account of the men who fight other people’s wars–the Greeks who built an empire for Alexander the Great, the Nubians who accompanied Hannibal across the Alps, the Irish who became the first to go global in their search for work. Soldiers of fortune have always had the power to change the course of war, and Lanning examines their pivotal roles in individual battles and in the rise and fall of empires. As the employment of contract soldiers spreads in Iraq and America’s War on Terrorism–the U.S. paid $30 billion to PMCs in 2003 alone–Mercenaries offers a valuable inside look at a system that appears embedded in our nation’s future. Includes eight pages of photographs

Digital Influence Mercenaries

James (J.F.) Forest
Digital Influence Mercenaries Book PDF

Author : James (J.F.) Forest
Publisher : Naval Institute Press
Page : 143 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2022-04-15
Category : History
ISBN : 9781682477526

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Digital Influence Mercenaries by James (J.F.) Forest Pdf

In today's online attention economy, supply and demand have created a rapidly growing market for firms and entrepreneurs using the tactics, tools, and strategies of digital influence warfare to gain profit and power. This book focuses on the more malicious types of online activity such as deception, provocation, and a host of other dirty tricks conducted by these "digital influence mercenaries." They can be located anywhere with an Internet connection--Brazil, China, Iran, Macedonia, Russia, Zimbabwe--and the targets of their influence efforts can be whomever and wherever they are paid to attack. They can do this for state governments willing to pay and provide their targeting instructions (usually in support of foreign policy objectives) and may have specific metrics by which they will assess the mercenaries' performance. Non-state actors (including corporations and political parties) can pay for these kinds of digital influence services as well. And in addition to being paid for services rendered, digital influence mercenaries can also profit simply by manipulating the targeted advertising algorithms used by social media platforms. James J. F. Forest describes in detail the various tools and tactics these mercenaries use to exploit the uncertainties, fears, and biases of their targets including bots, deep-fake images, fake news, provocation, deception and trolling. He also shows how they weaponize conspiracy theories and disinformation to manipulate people's beliefs and perceptions. Forest also highlights how government agencies and social media platforms are trying to defend against these foreign influence campaigns through such tactics as shutting down offending websites, Facebook pages, and YouTube channels; tagging disinformation with warning labels; identifying and blocking coordinated inauthentic behavior; and suspending social media accounts, often permanently. European and North American governments have launched numerous investigations against these mercenaries, and in some cases have brought criminal charges. Forest concludes with suggestions for how each of us can learn to identify disinformation and other malicious efforts and defend ourselves in the future.

The Markets for Force

Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn
The Markets for Force Book PDF

Author : Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2015-01-21
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780812291438

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The Markets for Force by Molly Dunigan,Ulrich Petersohn Pdf

The Markets for Force examines and compares the markets for private military and security contractors in twelve nations: Argentina, Guatemala, Peru, Ecuador, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Canada, and the United States. Editors Molly Dunigan and Ulrich Petersohn argue that the global market for force is actually a conglomeration of many types of markets that vary according to local politics and geostrategic context. Each case study investigates the particular characteristics of the region's market, how each market evolved into its current form, and what consequence the privatized market may have for state military force and the provision of public safety. The comparative standpoint sheds light on better-known markets but also those less frequently studied, such as the state-owned and -managed security companies in China, militaries working for private sector extractive industries in Ecuador and Peru, and the ways warlord forces overlap with private security companies in Afghanistan. An invaluable resource for scholars and policymakers alike, The Markets for Force offers both an empirical analysis of variations in private military and security companies across the globe and deeper theoretical knowledge of how such markets develop. Contributors: Olivia Allison, Oldrich Bures, Jennifer Catallo, Molly Dunigan, Scott Fitzsimmons, Maiah Jaskoski, Kristina Mani, Carlos Ortiz, Ulrich Petersohn, Jake Sherman, Christopher Spearin.

What Money Can't Buy

Michael J. Sandel
What Money Can t Buy Book PDF

Author : Michael J. Sandel
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Page : 256 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 2012-04-24
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9781429942584

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What Money Can't Buy by Michael J. Sandel Pdf

Should we pay children to read books or to get good grades? Should we allow corporations to pay for the right to pollute the atmosphere? Is it ethical to pay people to test risky new drugs or to donate their organs? What about hiring mercenaries to fight our wars? Auctioning admission to elite universities? Selling citizenship to immigrants willing to pay? In What Money Can't Buy, Michael J. Sandel takes on one of the biggest ethical questions of our time: Is there something wrong with a world in which everything is for sale? If so, how can we prevent market values from reaching into spheres of life where they don't belong? What are the moral limits of markets? In recent decades, market values have crowded out nonmarket norms in almost every aspect of life—medicine, education, government, law, art, sports, even family life and personal relations. Without quite realizing it, Sandel argues, we have drifted from having a market economy to being a market society. Is this where we want to be?In his New York Times bestseller Justice, Sandel showed himself to be a master at illuminating, with clarity and verve, the hard moral questions we confront in our everyday lives. Now, in What Money Can't Buy, he provokes an essential discussion that we, in our market-driven age, need to have: What is the proper role of markets in a democratic society—and how can we protect the moral and civic goods that markets don't honor and that money can't buy?

Mercenaries

Sarah Percy
Mercenaries Book PDF

Author : Sarah Percy
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
Page : 278 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2007-10-11
Category : History
ISBN : 9780199214334

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Mercenaries by Sarah Percy Pdf

With unprecedented historical range, this book examines the use of mercenaries from the courts of medieval Europe through to private security companies in modern-day Iraq, and explores the key ethical questions surrounding the mechanics of private military action.

Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts

Scott Fitzsimmons
Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts Book PDF

Author : Scott Fitzsimmons
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 343 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2013
Category : History
ISBN : 9781107026919

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Mercenaries in Asymmetric Conflicts by Scott Fitzsimmons Pdf

Fitzsimmons argues that small mercenary groups must maintain a superior culture to successfully engage and defeat larger and better-equipped opponents.