From Russia With Code

Author : Mario Biagioli,Vincent Antonin Lépinay
Publisher : Duke University Press
Page : 394 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2019-03-14
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781478003342

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From Russia with Code by Mario Biagioli,Vincent Antonin Lépinay Pdf

While Russian computer scientists are notorious for their interference in the 2016 US presidential election, they are ubiquitous on Wall Street and coveted by international IT firms and often perceive themselves as the present manifestation of the past glory of Soviet scientific prowess. Drawing on over three hundred in-depth interviews, the contributors to From Russia with Code trace the practices, education, careers, networks, migrations, and lives of Russian IT professionals at home and abroad, showing how they function as key figures in the tense political and ideological environment of technological innovation in post-Soviet Russia. Among other topics, they analyze coders' creation of both transnational communities and local networks of political activists; Moscow's use of IT funding to control peripheral regions; brain drain and the experiences of coders living abroad in the United Kingdom, United States, Israel, and Finland; and the possible meanings of Russian computing systems in a heterogeneous nation and industry. Highlighting the centrality of computer scientists to post-Soviet economic mobilization in Russia, the contributors offer new insights into the difficulties through which a new entrepreneurial culture emerges in a rapidly changing world. Contributors. Irina Antoschyuk, Mario Biagioli, Ksenia Ermoshina, Marina Fedorova, Andrey Indukaev, Alina Kontareva, Diana Kurkovsky, Vincent Lépinay, Alexandra Masalskaya, Daria Savchenko, Liubava Shatokhina, Alexandra Simonova, Ksenia Tatarchenko, Zinaida Vasilyeva, Dimitrii Zhikharevich

Author : John P. Carlin,Garrett M. Graff
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 45,6 Mb
Release : 2018-10-16
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9781541773813

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Dawn of the Code War by John P. Carlin,Garrett M. Graff Pdf

The inside story of how America's enemies launched a cyber war against us-and how we've learned to fight back With each passing year, the internet-linked attacks on America's interests have grown in both frequency and severity. Overmatched by our military, countries like North Korea, China, Iran, and Russia have found us vulnerable in cyberspace. The "Code War" is upon us. In this dramatic book, former Assistant Attorney General John P. Carlin takes readers to the front lines of a global but little-understood fight as the Justice Department and the FBI chases down hackers, online terrorist recruiters, and spies. Today, as our entire economy goes digital, from banking to manufacturing to transportation, the potential targets for our enemies multiply. This firsthand account is both a remarkable untold story and a warning of dangers yet to come.

Author : Nikolay Hakimov
Publisher : Language Science Press
Page : 306 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2021
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
ISBN : 9783961103300

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Explaining Russian-German code-mixing by Nikolay Hakimov Pdf

The study of grammatical variation in language mixing has been at the core of research into bilingual language practices. Although various motivations have been proposed in the literature to account for possible mixing patterns, some of them are either controversial, or remain untested. Little is still known about whether and how frequency of use of linguistic elements can contribute to the patterning of bilingual talk. This book is the first to systematically explore the factor usage frequency in a corpus of bilingual speech. The two aims are (i) to describe and analyze the variation in mixing patterns in the speech of Russia German adolescents and young adults in Germany, and (ii) to propose and test usage-based explanations of variation in mixing patterns in three morphosyntactic contexts: the adjective-modified noun phrase, the prepositional phrase, and the plural marking of German noun insertions in bilingual sentences. In these contexts, German noun insertions combine with either Russian or German words and grammatical markers, thus yielding mixed bilingual and German monolingual constituents in otherwise Russian sentences, the latter also labelled as embedded-language islands. The results suggest that the frequency with which words are used together mediates the distribution of mixing patterns in each of the examined contexts. The differing impacts of co-occurrence frequency are attributed to the distributional and semantic specifics of the analyzed morphosyntactic configurations. Lexical frequency has been found to be another important determinant in this variation. Other factors include recency, or lexical priming, in discourse in the case of prepositional phrases, and phonological and structural similarities and differences in the inflectional systems of the contact languages in the case of plural marking.

Author : Roman Zykov
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 572 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2021-04-22
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789403532912

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Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in Russia and Former USSR States by Roman Zykov Pdf

The 15 sovereign states that emerged from the dissolution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1991, having all adopted the New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, today are drawing increasing attention from international law firms and global arbitral institutions. This book, compiled under the editorship of the Secretary General of the Russian Arbitration Association, is the first full-scale commentary in English on the application of the New York Convention in Russia and the other 14 former USSR states, with attention also to the various relevant national laws and procedures. A total of 71 contributors, all leading experts on arbitration and litigation in the covered jurisdictions, provide in-depth research encompassing the following approaches: article-by-article commentary on the New York Convention with emphasis on the practice of Russian state commercial (arbitrazh) courts; commentary on the relevant provisions of the Russian International Commercial Arbitration Law and the Code of Commercial Procedure; analysis of law and practice on setting aside, recognition, and enforcement of arbitral awards in all non-Russian former USSR states, state by state, written by experts in each jurisdiction; and a unique statistical study of all international commercial arbitration cases under the New York Convention conducted in Russia between 2008 and 2019, showing which grounds of the New York Convention are widely used by the Russian courts in different instances. With this detailed information, practitioners will be able to understand how judicial developments in the covered jurisdictions have impacted the enforceability of arbitral awards, and how parties can take steps to ensure that they secure enforceable awards. In addition, they will clearly discern the enforcement track record for arbitral awards in Russia and former USSR states and how each jurisdiction treats enforcement applications, greatly clarifying decisions on choices by parties and determination of seat of arbitration. Because this book makes arbitration law and procedure in Russia and the former USSR states accessible for the first time in English – thus assisting evaluation of prospects of enforcing foreign arbitral awards in that part of the world – it will be warmly welcomed by in-house counsel, arbitrators, arbitral institutes, judges, researchers, and academics focused on international arbitration.

Author : Stefanie Harter,Gerald Easter
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 357 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2018-04-27
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9781351755887

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Shaping the Economic Space in Russia by Stefanie Harter,Gerald Easter Pdf

This title was first published in 2000: As the El'tsin era has now drawn to a close, numerous questions remain unanswered regarding the course of Russia's post-Communist traditions. El'tsin's exit from the presidential stage provides an opportunity to assess the achievements of Russia's multi-faceted reforms, to explain the factors that have most shaped the reform process, and to identify the trends that are likely to continue under a presidential successor. This volume embodies such an effort. Its contents are the product of a conference held in May 1999 at the Federal Institute for East European and International Studies in Cologne, Germany. The institute convened an international group of scholars, representing a variety of academic approaches to the study of transition economies in general, and Russia in particular. The title of this volume has been taken from the overarching theme of the conference. The goal was determine the extent to which pre-existing structures and norms of economic and political life have been fundamentally altered by the El'tsin administration's reform campaigns and how these factors themselves have influenced the reform process.

Author : Stephen K. Wegren
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 240 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2016-07-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781315498447

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Russia's Policy Challenges: Security, Stability and Development by Stephen K. Wegren Pdf

Designed for use in courses on contemporary Russia, this volume explores Russia's policy dilemmas in three realms: international security, socio-political, and socio-economic. In each of these categories, Russia faces daunting problems, none of which is likely to be resolved quickly or easily. Yet, over the longer term, the extent to which policymakers are successful in dealing with these challenges will go far in determining Russia's future place in the world, how Russians will live, and what kind of country Russia becomes. Each expertly authored chapter outlines the nature of one major issue; traces it evolution and policy developments under the Yeltsin and Putin presidencies; and evaluates the effectiveness and prospects of efforts to come to grips with the challenge.

Author : Florian Heindler
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
Page : 122 pages
File Size : 51,6 Mb
Release : 2018-04-19
Category : Law
ISBN : 9789041196200

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Corporate and Unitary Legal Entities in Russia by Florian Heindler Pdf

Derived from the renowned multi-volume International Encyclopaedia of Laws, this practical analysis of the law of business formations in Russia provides quick and easy guidance on a variety of corporate and partnership considerations such as mergers, rights and duties of interested parties, stock exchange rules, labour laws, and takeovers. Lawyers who handle transnational business will appreciate the explanation of local variations in terminology and the distinctive concepts that determine practice and procedure. A general introduction covering historical background, definitions, sources of law, and the effect of international private law is followed by a discussion of such aspects as types of formation, capital, shares, management, control, liquidation, mergers, takeovers, holding companies, subsidiaries, and taxation. Big companies, various types of smaller entities, and partnerships are all covered in turn. These details are presented in such a way that readers who are unfamiliar with specific terms and concepts in varying contexts will fully grasp their meaning and significance. Thorough yet practical, this convenient volume puts the information necessary for corporations to compete effectively at the user’s fingertips. An important and practical tool for business executives and their legal counsel interested in engaging in an international partnership or embarking on corporate expansion, this book will prove a valuable time-saving tool for business and legal professionals alike. Lawyers representing parties with interests in Russia will welcome this very useful guide, and academics and researchers will appreciate its value in the study of comparative business law.

Author : IBP USA
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 286 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781433080807

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Russia Taxation Laws and Regulations Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Regulations by IBP USA Pdf

Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 41,5 Mb
Release : 2016-07-13
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781475530377

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Russian Federation by International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department Pdf

This paper presents an assessment of the level of implementation of the IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions) objectives and principles in the Russian Federation. Some of the most recent regulatory changes in the Russian Federation are clearly based on international standards. In other areas, further initiatives will be required. These include conflicts of interest identification and improving standards of management in professional market participants. It will also require the creation of legal gateways which will enable supervisors with the necessary skills sets to provide guidance as to what the Central Bank of the Russian Federation’s (CBR) reasonable expectations are on a range of issues. CBR also faces a major challenge in enforcing the regulatory regime and will need additional resources.

Author : Rick Steves,Cameron Hewitt
Publisher : Rick Steves
Page : 1150 pages
File Size : 53,7 Mb
Release : 2018-08-21
Category : Travel
ISBN : 9781641710534

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Rick Steves Scandinavian & Northern European Cruise Ports by Rick Steves,Cameron Hewitt Pdf

Set sail and dive into Europe's magnificent port cities with Rick Steves Scandinavian & Northern European Cruise Ports! Inside you'll find: Rick's expert advice on making the most of your time on a cruise and fully experiencing each city, with thorough coverage of 18 ports of call Practical travel strategies including how to choose and book your cruise, adjusting to life on board on the ship, saving money, and traveling economically and ethically Self-guided walks and tours of each port city so you can hit the best attractions, sample authentic cuisine, and get to know the culture, even with a short amount of time Essential logistics including step-by-step instructions for arriving at each terminal, getting into town, and finding necessary services like ATMs and pharmacies Rick's reliable tips and candid advice on how to beat the crowds, skip lines, and avoid tourist traps Helpful reference photos throughout and full-color maps of each city Useful tools like mini-phrasebooks, detailed instructions for any visa requirements, hotel and airport recommendations for cruise access cities, and what to do if you miss your ship Full list of coverage: Copenhagen, Stockholm, Helsinki, St. Petersburg, Tallinn, Riga, the Port of Gdynia, Gdansk, Sopot, Warnermunde, Rostock, Berlin, Oslo, Stavanger, Bergen, the Norwegian Fjords, Flam and the Nutshell, Geirangerfjord, Amsterdam, the Port of Zeebrugge, Bruges, Brussels, Ghent, Southampton, Portsmouth, Dover, Canterbury, London, Le Havre, Honfleur, the D-Day Beaches, Rouen, Paris Maximize your time and savor every moment with Rick's practical tips, thoughtful advice, and reliable expertise. Heading to the Mediterranean? Pick up Rick Steves Mediterranean Cruise Ports.

Author : Anthony Forsyth,Elena Radevich
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Page : 330 pages
File Size : 40,9 Mb
Release : 2014-11-10
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781443870955

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Labour Law in Russia by Anthony Forsyth,Elena Radevich Pdf

Russias transition towards a market economy in the early 1990s called for new approaches to the regulation of employment relations in the post-Soviet period in order to strike a balance between employers interests and employees rights in changed conditions. The adoption of the Labour Code of the Russian Federation (LC RF) in 2001 contributed to solving the issue only partly, as, in reality, it was passed as a compromise between different political forces, and consists of both provisions which can be implemented in the new context of the market economy and restrictions inherited from the planned economy. The recent and ever-changing socio-economic conditions, and the increasing complexity of the employer-employee relationship, which is a result of both globalization and technological progress, required the further development of Russian employment legislation. This resulted in substantial amendments being made to the original LC RF in 2006, with the majority of its provisions being profoundly revised. Nevertheless, a thorough analysis of the changes currently under way shows that many aspects concerning employment relations have still not been addressed sufficiently. The papers collected in the present volume of the ADAPT Labour Studies Book Series consider the recent developments of the legal regulation of employment relations as well as some closely related aspects from a historical and comparative perspective, in order to provide some insights into these issues and to examine current challenges.

Author : Anonim
Publisher : Herbert Smith Freehills
Page : 158 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 8210379456XXX

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Legal guide to investing in Russia by Anonim Pdf

Author : Judith Pallot,Tat'yana Nefedova,Tatʹi︠a︡na Grigorʹevna Nefedova
Publisher : Oxford University Press
Page : 237 pages
File Size : 54,9 Mb
Release : 2007-08-23
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780199227419

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Russia's Unknown Agriculture by Judith Pallot,Tat'yana Nefedova,Tatʹi︠a︡na Grigorʹevna Nefedova Pdf

In this book the authors draw on extensive field work that took them over a five year period to a variety of Russian regions. By describing the forms of small farming they found in these regions, the authors uncover for the reader Russia's 'unknown agriculture', speculating about the role it will have in Russia's future.

Author : IBP USA
Publisher : Lulu.com
Page : 296 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2024-06-29
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9781438719771

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Global Privatization Laws and Regulations Handbook: Russia and NIS Volume 1 Russia Privatization: Strategic Information, Laws and Regulations by IBP USA Pdf

Author : Isabel De Madariaga
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 368 pages
File Size : 44,6 Mb
Release : 2014-06-17
Category : History
ISBN : 9781317881896

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Politics and Culture in Eighteenth-Century Russia by Isabel De Madariaga Pdf

This is a collection of thirteen major essays on eighteenth-century Russia by one of the most distinguished Western historians. They illustrate and explore three major themes: the development of the Russian state and Russian society, in the years when Russia was changing from a minor power on the European periphery to a major actor on the continental stage; the influence of western ideas and western thought on Russian politics and culture; and the impact of the Enlightenment on Russia. This is a substantial contribution not just to the history of Russia, but to early modern Europe generally.