Frontiers In Data Analytics And Monitoring Tools For Extreme Materials

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Condensed Matter and Materials Research Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 49,5 Mb
Release : 2024-02-12
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 0309702267

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Frontiers in Data Analytics and Monitoring Tools for Extreme Materials by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Condensed Matter and Materials Research Committee Pdf

One of the major challenges in materials science today is developing materials that can survive and function in extreme environments, such as the high-radiation environments found in a fission or fusion reactor or the ultra-high temperature experienced by a hypervelocity vessel or a spacecraft traveling through Earths atmosphere on its return to the planets surface. What is needed to discover such materials was the topic of a 2-day workshop held at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on October 5-6, 2022. That workshop, titled Materials in Extreme Environments: New Monitoring Tools and Data-Driven Approaches, brought together an international collection of experts on the testing and measurement of materials in extreme environments and on discovering and developing new materials. This Proceedings of a Workshop recaps the presentations and discussions that took place during the 2 days of the workshop.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Opportunities in the Science, Applications, and Technology of Intense Ultrafast Lasers
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 347 pages
File Size : 48,6 Mb
Release : 2018-03-03
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309467698

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Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Opportunities in the Science, Applications, and Technology of Intense Ultrafast Lasers Pdf

The laser has revolutionized many areas of science and society, providing bright and versatile light sources that transform the ways we investigate science and enables trillions of dollars of commerce. Now a second laser revolution is underway with pulsed petawatt-class lasers (1 petawatt: 1 million billion watts) that deliver nearly 100 times the total world's power concentrated into a pulse that lasts less than one-trillionth of a second. Such light sources create unique, extreme laboratory conditions that can accelerate and collide intense beams of elementary particles, drive nuclear reactions, heat matter to conditions found in stars, or even create matter out of the empty vacuum. These powerful lasers came largely from U.S. engineering, and the science and technology opportunities they enable were discussed in several previous National Academies' reports. Based on these advances, the principal research funding agencies in Europe and Asia began in the last decade to invest heavily in new facilities that will employ these high-intensity lasers for fundamental and applied science. No similar programs exist in the United States. Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers assesses the opportunities and recommends a path forward for possible U.S. investments in this area of science.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Understanding the Impact of Selling the Helium Reserve
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 157 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2010-06-30
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780309157537

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Selling the Nation's Helium Reserve by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,National Materials Advisory Board,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Understanding the Impact of Selling the Helium Reserve Pdf

Helium has long been the subject of public policy deliberation and management, largely because of its many strategic uses and its unusual source-it is a derived product of natural gas and its market has several anomalous characteristics. Shortly after sources of helium were discovered at the beginning of the last century, the U.S. government recognized helium's potential importance to the nation's interests and placed its production and availability under strict governmental control. In the 1960s, helium's strategic value in cold war efforts was reflected in policies that resulted in the accumulation of a large reserve of helium owned by the federal government. The latest manifestation of public policy is expressed in the Helium Privatization Act of 1996 (1996 12 Act), which directs that substantially all of the helium accumulated as a result of those earlier policies be sold off by 2015 at prices sufficient to repay the federal government for its outlays associated with the helium program. The present volume assesses whether the interests of the United States have been well served by the 1996 Act and, in particular, whether selling off the helium reserve has had any adverse effect on U.S. scientific, technical, biomedical, and national security users of helium.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Radio Frequencies,Committee on Scientific Use of the Radio Spectrum
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 249 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 2010-02-25
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309151542

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Spectrum Management for Science in the 21st Century by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Radio Frequencies,Committee on Scientific Use of the Radio Spectrum Pdf

Radio observations of the cosmos are gathered by geoscientists using complex earth-orbiting satellites and ground-based equipment, and by radio astronomers using large ground-based radio telescopes. Signals from natural radio emissions are extremely weak, and the equipment used to measure them is becoming ever-more sophisticated and sensitive. The radio spectrum is also being used by radiating, or "active," services, ranging from aircraft radars to rapidly expanding consumer services such as cellular telephones and wireless internet. These valuable active services transmit radio waves and thereby potentially interfere with the receive-only, or "passive," scientific services. Transmitters for the active services create an artificial "electronic fog" which can cause confusion, and, in severe cases, totally blinds the passive receivers. Both the active and the passive services are increasing their use of the spectrum, and so the potential for interference, already strong, is also increasing. This book addresses the tension between the active services' demand for greater spectrum use and the passive users' need for quiet spectrum. The included recommendations provide a pathway for putting in place the regulatory mechanisms and associated supporting research activities necessary to meet the demands of both users.

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Condensed Matter and Materials Research Committee
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2021-09-22
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 030968319X

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Frontiers in Memristive Materials for Neuromorphic Processing Applications by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Condensed Matter and Materials Research Committee Pdf

Current von Neumann style computing is energy inefficient and bandwidth limited as information is physically shuttled via electrons between processor, short term non-volatile memory, and long-term storage. Biologically inspired neuromorphic computing, with its inherent autonomous learning capabilities and much lower power requirements based on analog processing, is seen as an avenue for overcoming these limitations. The development of nanoelectronic memory resistors, or memristors, is essential to neuromorphic architectures as they allow logic-based elements for information processing to be combined directly with nonvolatile memory for efficient emulation of neurons and synapses found in the brain. Memristors are typically composed of a switchable material with nonlinear hysteretic behavior sandwiched between two conducting encoding elements. The design, dynamic control, scaling and fundamental understanding of these materials is essential for establishing memristive devices. To explore the state-of-the-art in the materials fundamentally underlying memristor technologies: their science, their mechanisms and their functional imperatives to realize neuromorphic computing machines, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Board on Physics and Astronomy convened a workshop on February 28, 2020. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Committee on the Analysis of Massive Data
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 191 pages
File Size : 45,9 Mb
Release : 2013-09-03
Category : Mathematics
ISBN : 9780309287814

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Frontiers in Massive Data Analysis by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications,Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics,Committee on the Analysis of Massive Data Pdf

Data mining of massive data sets is transforming the way we think about crisis response, marketing, entertainment, cybersecurity and national intelligence. Collections of documents, images, videos, and networks are being thought of not merely as bit strings to be stored, indexed, and retrieved, but as potential sources of discovery and knowledge, requiring sophisticated analysis techniques that go far beyond classical indexing and keyword counting, aiming to find relational and semantic interpretations of the phenomena underlying the data. Frontiers in Massive Data Analysis examines the frontier of analyzing massive amounts of data, whether in a static database or streaming through a system. Data at that scale-terabytes and petabytes-is increasingly common in science (e.g., particle physics, remote sensing, genomics), Internet commerce, business analytics, national security, communications, and elsewhere. The tools that work to infer knowledge from data at smaller scales do not necessarily work, or work well, at such massive scale. New tools, skills, and approaches are necessary, and this report identifies many of them, plus promising research directions to explore. Frontiers in Massive Data Analysis discusses pitfalls in trying to infer knowledge from massive data, and it characterizes seven major classes of computation that are common in the analysis of massive data. Overall, this report illustrates the cross-disciplinary knowledge-from computer science, statistics, machine learning, and application disciplines-that must be brought to bear to make useful inferences from massive data.

Author : Guo-wei Tu,Kanhua Yin,Antoine Vieillard-Baron,Nikola Dobrilovic,Xavier Monnet
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 101 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2023-01-10
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9782832511299

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Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Management by Guo-wei Tu,Kanhua Yin,Antoine Vieillard-Baron,Nikola Dobrilovic,Xavier Monnet Pdf

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 341 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2019-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309487436

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Final Report of the Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on a Strategic Plan for U.S. Burning Plasma Research Pdf

Fusion offers the prospect of virtually unlimited energy. The United States and many nations around the world have made enormous progress toward achieving fusion energy. With ITER scheduled to go online within a decade and demonstrate controlled fusion ten years later, now is the right time for the United States to develop plans to benefit from its investment in burning plasma research and take steps to develop fusion electricity for the nation's future energy needs. At the request of the Department of Energy, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a committee to develop a strategic plan for U.S. fusion research. The final report's two main recommendations are: (1) The United States should remain an ITER partner as the most cost-effective way to gain experience with a burning plasma at the scale of a power plant. (2) The United States should start a national program of accompanying research and technology leading to the construction of a compact pilot plant that produces electricity from fusion at the lowest possible capital cost.

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 325 pages
File Size : 45,7 Mb
Release : 1999-05-21
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780309063494

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Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Condensed-Matter and Materials Physics Pdf

This book identifies opportunities, priorities, and challenges for the field of condensed-matter and materials physics. It highlights exciting recent scientific and technological developments and their societal impact and identifies outstanding questions for future research. Topics range from the science of modern technology to new materials and structures, novel quantum phenomena, nonequilibrium physics, soft condensed matter, and new experimental and computational tools. The book also addresses structural challenges for the field, including nurturing its intellectual vitality, maintaining a healthy mixture of large and small research facilities, improving the field's integration with other disciplines, and developing new ways for scientists in academia, government laboratories, and industry to work together. It will be of interest to scientists, educators, students, and policymakers.

Author : Rakesh Mogul,Ralf Moeller
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 225 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2022-06-07
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889763597

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Microbiology of Extreme and Human-Made Confined Environments (Spacecraft, Space Stations, Cleanrooms, and Analogous Sites) by Rakesh Mogul,Ralf Moeller Pdf

Author : National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 233 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-25
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309286343

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High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States by National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States Pdf

The Committee to Assess the Current Status and Future Direction of High Magnetic Field Science in the United States was convened by the National Research Council in response to a request by the National Science Foundation. This report answers three questions: (1) What is the current state of high-field magnet science, engineering, and technology in the United States, and are there any conspicuous needs to be addressed? (2) What are the current science drivers and which scientific opportunities and challenges can be anticipated over the next ten years? (3) What are the principal existing and planned high magnetic field facilities outside of the United States, what roles have U.S. high field magnet development efforts played in developing those facilities, and what potentials exist for further international collaboration in this area? A magnetic field is produced by an electrical current in a metal coil. This current exerts an expansive force on the coil, and a magnetic field is "high" if it challenges the strength and current-carrying capacity of the materials that create the field. Although lower magnetic fields can be achieved using commercially available magnets, research in the highest achievable fields has been, and will continue to be, most often performed in large research centers that possess the materials and systems know-how for forefront research. Only a few high field centers exist around the world; in the United States, the principal center is the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL). High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States considers continued support for a centralized high-field facility such as NHFML to be the highest priority. This report contains a recommendation for the funding and siting of several new high field nuclear magnetic resonance magnets at user facilities in different regions of the United States. Continued advancement in high-magnetic field science requires substantial investments in magnets with enhanced capabilities. High Magnetic Field Science and Its Application in the United States contains recommendations for the further development of all-superconducting, hybrid, and higher field pulsed magnets that meet ambitious but achievable goals.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Decadal Assessment and Outlook Report on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 315 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 2020-09-14
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780309499545

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Manipulating Quantum Systems by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Board on Physics and Astronomy,Committee on Decadal Assessment and Outlook Report on Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Science Pdf

The field of atomic, molecular, and optical (AMO) science underpins many technologies and continues to progress at an exciting pace for both scientific discoveries and technological innovations. AMO physics studies the fundamental building blocks of functioning matter to help advance the understanding of the universe. It is a foundational discipline within the physical sciences, relating to atoms and their constituents, to molecules, and to light at the quantum level. AMO physics combines fundamental research with practical application, coupling fundamental scientific discovery to rapidly evolving technological advances, innovation and commercialization. Due to the wide-reaching intellectual, societal, and economical impact of AMO, it is important to review recent advances and future opportunities in AMO physics. Manipulating Quantum Systems: An Assessment of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in the United States assesses opportunities in AMO science and technology over the coming decade. Key topics in this report include tools made of light; emerging phenomena from few- to many-body systems; the foundations of quantum information science and technologies; quantum dynamics in the time and frequency domains; precision and the nature of the universe, and the broader impact of AMO science.

Author : Guangchuang Yu,Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam,Chuan-Le Xiao,Meng Zhou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 146 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 2022-05-24
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782889761906

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Biomedical Data Visualization: Methods and Applications by Guangchuang Yu,Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam,Chuan-Le Xiao,Meng Zhou Pdf

Author : Eleni N. Chatzi,Manolis N. Chatzis,Costas Papadimitriou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 208 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2020-10-23
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9782889660889

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Robust Monitoring, Diagnostic Methods and Tools for Engineered Systems by Eleni N. Chatzi,Manolis N. Chatzis,Costas Papadimitriou Pdf

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Strategic Forces
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 68 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2012
Category : Laboratories
ISBN : MINN:31951D036154046

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National Nuclear Security Administration Management of Its National Security Laboratories by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Armed Services. Subcommittee on Strategic Forces Pdf