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Author : Kasem Akhras
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 40,5 Mb
Release : 2021-05-31
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 1922456322
Author : Mondher Toumi
Publisher : CRC Press
Page : 310 pages
File Size : 50,5 Mb
Release : 2017-01-12
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9781315314587
Market access is the fourth hurdle in the drug development process and the primary driver for global income of any new drug. Without a strategy in place for pricing, showing value for effectiveness and an understanding of the target purchasers’ needs, the drug will fail to reach its intended market value. Introduction to Market Access for Pharmaceuticals is based on an accredited course in this area, taken from the European Market Access University Diploma (EMAUD), and is affiliated with Aix Marseille University. Key Features: The first guide to market access for pharmaceuticals based on tested teaching materials Addresses both pharmaceutical and vaccine products Includes case studies and scenarios Covers market access consdierations for Western Europe, the USA, Japan and China Explains the impact the changing healthcare market will have on your product
Author : Yen-Chiang Chang,Kum Fai Yuen,David Ong,Shih-Ming Kao
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
Page : 360 pages
File Size : 52,9 Mb
Release : 2023-10-06
Category : Science
ISBN : 9782832535370
Author : Marc Bungenberg,August Reinisch
Publisher : Springer Nature
Page : 207 pages
File Size : 53,9 Mb
Release : 2024-01-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783031419775
With the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon in 2009, the EU became a global actor in the field of foreign direct investment. Since then, the field of EU investment policy has been gradually shaped by numerous political changes, judgments and opinions delivered by the Court of Justice of the EU, as well as lively scholarly debate. Today, a clear division between the “internal” and “external” dimensions of EU investment policy has emerged, which constitutes the general topic of this book. Within these dimensions, additional – and sometimes contradictory – facets of the EU’s multi-layered approach to investment protection can be identified. On the one hand, EU investment policy is shifting toward a decentral approach when it comes to substantive standards of investment protection. On the other hand, the EU is following a multilateral approach with regard to procedural innovations in investor-State dispute settlement. In this EYIEL Special Issue, leading experts in the field discuss the latest developments with regard to the above-mentioned dimensions and facets, which reflect new trends and challenges for EU investment policy. Among others, the book discusses the EU’s participation in the reform process for the international investment regime, the emergence of central planning and decentral implementation of EU investment policy, the feasibility of an intra-EU investment court, the protection and enforcement of investment standards under EU law, and the suitability of mediation as an alternative to intra-EU investment arbitration.
Author : Tae-Hee Jo,Zdravka Todorova
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 426 pages
File Size : 43,8 Mb
Release : 2015-07-30
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781317912460
This collection of essays honors the life and work of one of the most prominent and fervent heterodox economists, Frederic S. Lee, who has been at the heart of the heterodox economics movements for the past three decades. Authors in this book demonstrate that heterodox economic has transcended the criticism of mainstream economics and, more importantly, that constructive developments are in the making by way of cross-communications among various heterodox economics traditions. Frederic S. Lee’s contributions to heterodox economics are centered on three themes: the making of a history and identity of heterodox economics, heterodox microeconomics, and the heterodox analysis of social provisioning. Part I addresses the importance of history, theory, research methods, and institutions in the making of the identity of heterodox economics as an alternative to mainstream economics. Part II delves into heterodox microeconomic theories—in particular, investment, pricing, competition, markets, and market governance—as foundations of heterodox macroeconomic analyses. Part III expands the analysis of the capitalist social provisioning process with an emphasis on its subsystems and their relationships over historical time. Part IV encapsulates the life and work of Frederic S. Lee. Throughout his intellectual life Frederic S. Lee has shown to many that the development of heterodox economics is rendered possible by unselfish and ceaseless efforts to build both theory and institutions. Essays in this book attest that establishing an alternative critical theory to the status quo is not only possible but also serviceable to the majority of the population.
Author : Panos Koutrakos,Jukka Snell
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
Page : 560 pages
File Size : 42,7 Mb
Release : 2017-01-27
Category : Law
ISBN : 9781783478101
While the internal market has been at the heart of the European project from the very beginning, it has rarely been the subject of sustained and comprehensive scholarly examination in its entirety. In the face of profound legal, political and policy pressures, this timely Research Handbook reflects on the cutting-edge issues, horizontal themes and the big questions which illuminate the shape of the internal market. It places the law and policy of the internal market within the context of the financial crisis and the existential questions this has raised for future European integration.
Author : Klaus F. Zimmermann
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 489 pages
File Size : 50,6 Mb
Release : 2013-03-20
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783540247395
Economic Theory, academic policy analysis and public policy design are becoming more interdependent. Hence, the demands for close interactions between the policy community and the research community have been rising significantly. This book assesses how recent economic thinking has advanced under these influences. Furthermore, it evaluates the important contribution economics can add to the design and evaluation of public policy, now more than ever before. The study is of interest to policy makers, policy analysts, researchers and students of economics at all levels. The authors, which include many of Germany's most eminent economists, draw on their wide experience in research and consultancy to present a coherent view of where European economic theory stands today and how it can play a role in the management of the economy of the new millennium.
Author : Mihajlo Jakovljevic
Publisher : Nova Publishers
Page : 190 pages
File Size : 47,7 Mb
Release : 2016
Category : Medical
ISBN : 1634847202
This book is an attempt to tackle some of the key global health challenges with a focus on the leading, emerging countries and mature free-market economies facing similar issues. It consists of seven chapters written by well-recognized scholars in the field affiliated to academia, pharmaceutical industry and hospital sectors based in Japan, USA, China, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Poland and Albania. The contributors had diverse expert profiles in health economics, clinical medicine, public health and population aging. Regional health care issues were processed and referred to the BRICS and N-11 nations, North American region, Far East Asia, Western and Eastern Europe. Some of the difficulties of contemporary health systems tackled in certain chapters were: population aging, health spending, insurance coverage, health technology assessment, costs of pharmaceutical development, neurological disorder and diabetes economics, public health legislation and caregiver assessment in a traditional Asian setting. All of the aforementioned research might give a dynamic impetus and expand a mental horizon to the professionals dealing with these issues. We believe that this book deserves a broad global audience consisting of health care professionals, policy makers, health economists, clinical physicians and lay persons eager to expand their knowledge in the field. Our attitude is based on the worldwide academic recognition of the listed contributors. The degree of success of these ambitiously targeted efforts will be assessed by our esteemed audience in years to come.
Author : Moritz J. K. Blenk
Publisher : Mohr Siebeck
Page : 595 pages
File Size : 40,6 Mb
Release : 2022-09-12
Category : Law
ISBN : 9783161616402
Standardization is a classic form of rulemaking. Nonetheless, it is notoriously diffuse and gives rise to questions and debate; in particular over the standards' normativity, legitimacy and nature - whether public or private, national or international. Moritz J. K. Blenk applies a policy-orientated approach to international law to comparatively analyze the role of private rulemaking within the context of international economic integration in the World Trade Organization and the European Union. He thereby aims to elucidate the opaque phenomenon of private standardization from a legal perspective and, more profoundly, shed new light on economic integration.
Author : United States International Trade Commission
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 342 pages
File Size : 48,9 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Foreign trade promotion
ISBN : IND:30000089095339
Author : Castillo M., Cazzuffi, C., Chamorro, C., Pérez-Silva, R., Sandoval, D., Sepúlveda, M.
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
Page : 60 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2021-09-03
Category : Social Science
ISBN : 9789251348833
This case study report was written as a part of the Agriculture Human Capital Investment Study, funded by FAO Investment Centre and with the support of the International Food Policy Research Institute and the CGIAR Research Programme on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) and the FAO Research and Extension Unit. This study analyses the impact of Chile´s Productive Alliance Programme (PAP) in terms of human capital development among small farmers. The programme, originally created in 2007 and serving now close to 3,600 small farmers in Chile, enhances the creation of commercial partnerships between these small farmers and larger companies, and funds and facilitates the conditions for the acquisition of skills and human capital among them to ensure its success.
Author : Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris,Rafael R. Ioris,Sergei V. Shubin
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
Page : 339 pages
File Size : 42,9 Mb
Release : 2020-06-22
Category : History
ISBN : 9781498594721
Frontiers of Development in the Amazon: Riches, Risks, and Resistances contributes to ongoing debates on the processes of change in the Amazon, a region inherently tied to the expansion of internal and external socio-economic and environmental frontiers. This book offers interdisciplinary analyses from a range of scholars in Europe, Latin America, and the United States that question the methods of development and the range of socio-ecological impacts of those methods by examining the theoretical, methodological, and empirical dimensions of frontier-making along with evaluating and refining existing frameworks. Contributors focus on the complex politics of border formation shaped by institutional, economic, and political forces, placing them in relation to ethical, imaginary, and symbolic elements. In doing so, contributors explore the dynamic production of identities, values, and subjectivities, covering matters of migratory patterns, complex power struggles, and intensive—at times violent—clashes. Among other topics, this book assesses the recent encroachment of export-driven agribusiness into the Amazon Region in the context of recolonization, resource exploitation and multiple programs of modernization and national integration. Scholars of Latin American studies, international development, environmental studies, and applied social sciences will find this book particularly useful.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
Page : 126 pages
File Size : 46,8 Mb
Release : 2023-04-11
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9798400233241
The baseline forecast is for growth to fall from 3.4 percent in 2022 to 2.8 percent in 2023, before settling at 3.0 percent in 2024. Advanced economies are expected to see an especially pronounced growth slowdown, from 2.7 percent in 2022 to 1.3 percent in 2023. In a plausible alternative scenario with further financial sector stress, global growth declines to about 2.5 percent in 2023 with advanced economy growth falling below 1 percent. Global headline inflation in the baseline is set to fall from 8.7 percent in 2022 to 7.0 percent in 2023 on the back of lower commodity prices but underlying (core) inflation is likely to decline more slowly. Inflation’s return to target is unlikely before 2025 in most cases.
Author : Rob Frieden
Publisher : Artech House
Page : 520 pages
File Size : 42,6 Mb
Release : 2001
Category : Computers
ISBN : 1580534007
This unique new resource offers you a detailed road map for tracking developments and trends in both international telecommunications and Internet-mediated communications. Useful to novices and higher-level professionals alike, the book explores the impact of the Internet on international telecommunications and gives you a clear definition of technological and marketplace convergence. By providing answers and perspective for both telecommunications and information technology professionals, the book bridges the gap between these two disciplines, making it easier to respond to and profit from change occasioned by the Internet.
Author : Joseph F. Coughlin
Publisher : PublicAffairs
Page : 352 pages
File Size : 54,7 Mb
Release : 2017-11-07
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9781610396653
Oldness: a social construct at odds with reality that constrains how we live after middle age and stifles business thinking on how to best serve a group of consumers, workers, and innovators that is growing larger and wealthier with every passing day. Over the past two decades, Joseph F. Coughlin has been busting myths about aging with groundbreaking multidisciplinary research into what older people actually want -- not what conventional wisdom suggests they need. In The Longevity Economy, Coughlin provides the framing and insight business leaders need to serve the growing older market: a vast, diverse group of consumers representing every possible level of health and wealth, worth about $8 trillion in the United States alone and climbing. Coughlin provides deep insight into a population that consistently defies expectations: people who, through their continued personal and professional ambition, desire for experience, and quest for self-actualization, are building a striking, unheralded vision of longer life that very few in business fully understand. His focus on women -- they outnumber men, control household spending and finances, and are leading the charge toward tomorrow's creative new narrative of later life -- is especially illuminating. Coughlin pinpoints the gap between myth and reality and then shows businesses how to bridge it. As the demographics of global aging transform and accelerate, it is now critical to build a new understanding of the shifting physiological, cognitive, social, family, and psychological realities of the longevity economy.