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Author : David J. Buller
Publisher : SUNY Press
Page : 340 pages
File Size : 50,8 Mb
Release : 1999-07-01
Category : Science
ISBN : 079144211X
A complete sourcebook for philosophical discussion of the nature of function in biology.
Author : Philippe Huneman
Publisher : Springer
Page : 0 pages
File Size : 50,9 Mb
Release : 2015-03-07
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : 9400793375
This volume handles in various perspectives the concept of function and the nature of functional explanations, topics much discussed since two major and conflicting accounts have been raised by Larry Wright and Robert Cummins’ papers in the 1970s. Here, both Wright’s ‘etiological theory of functions’ and Cummins’ ‘systemic’ conception of functions are refined and elaborated in the light of current scientific practice, with papers showing how the ‘etiological’ theory faces several objections and may in reply be revisited, while its counterpart became ever more sophisticated, as researchers discovered fresh applications for it. Relying on a firm knowledge of the original positions and debates, this volume presents cutting-edge research evincing the complexities that today pertain in function theory in various sciences. Alongside original papers from authors central to the controversy, work by emerging researchers taking novel perspectives will add to the potential avenues to be followed in the future. Not only does the book adopt no a priori assumptions about the scope of functional explanations, it also incorporates material from several very different scientific domains, e.g. neurosciences, ecology, or technology. In general, functions are implemented in mechanisms; and functional explanations in biology have often an essential relation with natural selection. These two basic claims set the stage for this book’s coverage of investigations concerning both ‘functional’ explanations, and the ‘metaphysics’ of functions. It casts new light on these claims, by testing them through their confrontation with scientific developments in biology, psychology, and recent developments concerning the metaphysics of realization. Rather than debating a single theory of functions, this book presents the richness of philosophical issues raised by functional discourse throughout the various sciences.
Author : Frimpong Atta Junior Osei
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 47 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 2020-06-18
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9783346184900
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Computer Science - Software, grade: 87.2, , language: English, abstract: This final year project is the central part of the educational administration system for Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), which allows students to select courses and gives students access to course offerings via online as well as the ability to complete various administrative functions allowing for a better management of curriculum decisions in the context of academic objectives. The objective of these systems is to make this process more convenient and easier to achieve which has been met with varying levels of success. This Course Selection Portal will be operated by three users, the administrator, students and lecturers. This system will be developed using PHP, MySQL, jQuery, HTML, JavaScript, CSS and Bootstrap. The front-end is designed using PHP with excerpts of code written using jQuery, HTML, JavaScript, CSS and Bootstrap. The back-end is designed and managed through MySQL using a software called WAMP Server. This system software is more secured, user-friendly and less time-consuming.
Author : David Ross Monroe
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 1972
Category : Electronic
ISBN : UCAL:C2984694
Author : Manuel Jacoby
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
Page : 21 pages
File Size : 44,7 Mb
Release : 2021-02-09
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9783346343246
Academic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Employee Motivation, grade: 1,3, International University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: If you look for any specific definitions, you will find a huge variation considering the term incentive systems. Weber paraphrases incentive systems as having the aim to encourage employees positively through their performance, with benefits for the organization to reach its stated goals and objectives. In turn, Bartscher identifies incentive systems as the sum of all created working conditions, directly or indirectly to impact the motivation and thus work performance of employees, evoking a certain desired behavior. Coherently, incentive systems aim to control behavior of employees. But they do not only support a certain behavior, such systems additionally are designed to avoid unwanted behavior. Think of any internal regulations which intent to avoid behavior patterns by providing rules and/or punishments. Furthermore, as an example, a low performance might result in a curtailed income and loss of personal reputation.
Author : Michael F. Ashby,Kara Johnson
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 358 pages
File Size : 43,6 Mb
Release : 2002-12-10
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 0750655542
Bestselling author Ashby guides readers through the process of selecting materials on the basis of their design suitability. Many excellent attribute RmapsS are included, which enable complex comparative information to be readily grasped. Full-color photos and illustrations throughout aid the understanding of concepts.
Author : B.F. Manly,L. McDonald,D.L. Thomas,Trent L. McDonald,Wallace P. Erickson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 222 pages
File Size : 54,8 Mb
Release : 2007-05-08
Category : Science
ISBN : 9780306481512
We have written this book as a guide to the design and analysis of field studies of resource selection, concentrating primarily on statistical aspects of the comparison of the use and availability of resources of different types. Our intended audience is field ecologists in general and, in particular, wildlife and fisheries biologists who are attempting to measure the extent to which real animal populations are selective in their choice of food and habitat. As such, we have made no attempt to address those aspects of theoretical ecology that are concerned with how animals might choose their resources if they acted in an optimal manner. The book is based on the concept of a resource selection function (RSF), where this is a function of characteristics measured on resourceunits such that its value for a unit is proportional to the probability of that unit being used. We argue that this concept leads to a unified theory for the analysis and interpretation of data on resource selection and can replace many ad hoc statistical methods that have been used in the past.
Author : Md Abdul Maleque,Mohd Sapuan Salit
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 120 pages
File Size : 46,7 Mb
Release : 2013-12-11
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9789814560382
This book presents topics on the basics of materials selection and design which will give a better understanding on the selection methods and then find suitable materials for the applications. This book draws the simple and straightforward quantitative methods followed by knowledge-based expert system approach with real and tangible case studies to show how undergraduate or post-graduate students or engineers can apply their knowledge on materials selection and design. Topics discussed in this book contain special features such as illustration, tables and tutorial questions for easy understanding. A few published books or documents are available, hence this book will be very useful for those who use (or want to use) materials selection approach without the advantages of having had comprehensive knowledge or expertise in this materials’ world.
Author : M. F. Ashby
Publisher : Pergamon
Page : 311 pages
File Size : 45,8 Mb
Release : 1992-01-01
Category : Engineering design
ISBN : 0750627271
New materials enable advances in engineering design. This book describes a procedure for material selection in mechanical design, allowing the most suitable materials for a given application to be identified from the full range of materials and section shapes available. A novel approach is adopted not found elsewhere. Materials are introduced through their properties; materials selection charts (a new development) capture the important features of all materials, allowing rapid retrieval of information and application of selection techniques. Merit indices, combined with charts, allow optimisation of the materials selection process. Sources of material property data are reviewed and approaches to their use are given. Material processing and its influence on the design are discussed. The book closes with chapters on aesthetics and industrial design. Case studies are developed as a method of illustrating the procedure and as a way of developing the ideas further.
Author : B. H. V. Topping
Publisher : Hyperion Books
Page : 344 pages
File Size : 43,5 Mb
Release : 1995
Category : Computers
ISBN : UOM:39015034548837
Includes a selection of papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Structural Engineering and the Fourth International Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence to Civil and Structural Engineering, held at Cambridge, England, 28-30 August, 1995.
Author : C. A. Gunn
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 32 pages
File Size : 51,8 Mb
Release : 1953
Category : Motels
ISBN : UIUC:30112040171222
Author : Ali Jahan,Kevin L Edwards,Marjan Bahraminasab
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
Page : 252 pages
File Size : 47,9 Mb
Release : 2016-02-17
Category : Technology & Engineering
ISBN : 9780081005415
Multi-criteria Decision Analysis for Supporting the Selection of Engineering Materials in Product Design, Second Edition, provides readers with tactics they can use to optimally select materials to satisfy complex design problems when they are faced with the vast range of materials available. Current approaches to materials selection range from the use of intuition and experience, to more formalized computer-based methods, such as electronic databases with search engines to facilitate the materials selection process. Recently, multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods have been applied to materials selection, demonstrating significant capability for tackling complex design problems. This book describes the rapidly growing field of MCDM and its application to materials selection. It aids readers in producing successful designs by improving the decision-making process. This new edition updates and expands previous key topics, including new chapters on materials selection in the context of design problem-solving and multiple objective decision-making, also presenting a significant amount of additional case studies that will aid in the learning process. Describes the advantages of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) in the materials selection process through different case studies Presents a methodology for multi-objective material design optimization that employs Design of Experiments coupled with Finite Element Analysis Supplements existing quantitative methods of materials selection by allowing simultaneous consideration of design attributes, component configurations, and types of material Provides a case study for simultaneous materials selection and geometrical optimization processes
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 522 pages
File Size : 52,5 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Air travel
ISBN : UOM:39015048231768
Author : Ulrich Krohs,Peter Kroes
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 320 pages
File Size : 40,7 Mb
Release : 2009
Category : Philosophy
ISBN : UOM:39015078779215
Investigations into the relationship between organism and artifacts from the perspective of functionality.
Author : Colin Allen,Marc Bekoff,George V. Lauder
Publisher : Mit Press
Page : 597 pages
File Size : 50,7 Mb
Release : 1998
Category : Science
ISBN : 0262011689
Within the natural sciences, only biologists take seriously teleological statements about design, purpose and adaptive function. Some biologists claim that to understand the complex morphological and behavioural traits of organisms we must say what they are for, which is to give a teleological explanation of why organisms have them. Others argue that the theory of natural selection, in providing statistical explanations for the same phenomena, obviates any need for teleological thinking. If teleology cannot be eliminated from biology, it raises fundamental questions about the nature of biological explanation and about the relationship of biology to the rest of science.