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Author : James D. Savage
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 230 pages
File Size : 47,5 Mb
Release : 2000-11-06
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 0521794617
Funding Science in America, first published in 1999, explores the pros and cons of the academic earmarking issue.
Author : Mark Solovey
Publisher : MIT Press
Page : 409 pages
File Size : 51,7 Mb
Release : 2020-07-07
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9780262358750
How the NSF became an important yet controversial patron for the social sciences, influencing debates over their scientific status and social relevance. In the early Cold War years, the U.S. government established the National Science Foundation (NSF), a civilian agency that soon became widely known for its dedication to supporting first-rate science. The agency's 1950 enabling legislation made no mention of the social sciences, although it included a vague reference to "other sciences." Nevertheless, as Mark Solovey shows in this book, the NSF also soon became a major--albeit controversial--source of public funding for them.
Author : Robert J. Trew
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
Page : 295 pages
File Size : 54,6 Mb
Release : 2017-04-13
Category : Science
ISBN : 9781107068322
Gain a head start in your academic career with this step-by-step guide to building an externally funded research program.
Author : Joseph Martino
Publisher : Routledge
Page : 406 pages
File Size : 49,8 Mb
Release : 2017-09-08
Category : Political Science
ISBN : 9781351294744
Americans have become resigned to seeing Congress vote money for porkbarrel projects of all kinds-roads, dams, post offices, military installations-in the districts of influential legislators. In recent years Congress has, almost without public notice, extended this form of vote-buying and pandering into a new domain: science. Where formerly scientific funding proposals were evaluated by outside experts on the basis of merit, there is now an increasing consideration of congressional districts and "fair" geographical distribution. In this ground-breaking volume, Joseph P. Martino offers a critical examination of special-interest funding and the danger it poses to the integrity of American society as a whole, as well as to its scientific component. Science Funding is distinguished by its comprehensive approach to the structural and historical background of the current situation. It examines the history of science funding from the early twentieth century through present, public vs. to taxpayers, instances of fraud, and the effects of government funding for research in universities. Martino's survey demonstrates conclusively that government has been inefficient in its funding capacity and that the shortcomings are inherent: political criteria for the support of science, congressional micromanagement, freezing out of innovative ideas, and the favoring of massive projects-Big Science-over small, but significant experimental programs. In his concluding chapter Martino provides an agenda for new thinking on the funding of science. He proposes alternatives that suggest a plurality of approaches is preferable to the current monolithic model, and shows how industrial support, philanthropy, and contributions from the public can be made more effective. Science Funding is a major work on the interaction of science, politics, and society. It will be of interest to sociologists, policymakers, and political scientist, and the research science community.
Author : National Research Council,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences,Committee on the Science of Team Science
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 280 pages
File Size : 55,6 Mb
Release : 2015-07-15
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780309316859
The past half-century has witnessed a dramatic increase in the scale and complexity of scientific research. The growing scale of science has been accompanied by a shift toward collaborative research, referred to as "team science." Scientific research is increasingly conducted by small teams and larger groups rather than individual investigators, but the challenges of collaboration can slow these teams' progress in achieving their scientific goals. How does a team-based approach work, and how can universities and research institutions support teams? Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science synthesizes and integrates the available research to provide guidance on assembling the science team; leadership, education and professional development for science teams and groups. It also examines institutional and organizational structures and policies to support science teams and identifies areas where further research is needed to help science teams and groups achieve their scientific and translational goals. This report offers major public policy recommendations for science research agencies and policymakers, as well as recommendations for individual scientists, disciplinary associations, and research universities. Enhancing the Effectiveness of Team Science will be of interest to university research administrators, team science leaders, science faculty, and graduate and postdoctoral students.
Author : Anonim
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 219 pages
File Size : 42,8 Mb
Release : 2000
Category : Electronic
ISBN : OCLC:474594333
Author : National Research Council,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Commission on Life Sciences,Committee on the Funding of Young Investigators in the Biological and Biomedical Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 48,8 Mb
Release : 1994-02-01
Category : Medical
ISBN : 9780309050777
This book brings to light trends in the support of life scientists beginning their professional careers. In 1985, 3,040 scientists under the age of 36 applied for individual investigator (R01) grants from the National Institutes of Health, and 1,002 received awards, for a "success rate" of 33%. In 1993, 1,389 scientists under the age of 36 applied for R01 grants and 302 received awards, for a success rate of 21.7%. Even when R23/R29 grant awards (both intended for new investigators) are added to the R01 awards, the number of R01 plus R23 awards made in 1985 was 1,308, and in 1993, the number of R01 plus R29 was 527. These recent trends in the funding of young biomedical research scientists, and the fact that young nonbiomedical scientists historically have had a smaller base of support to draw upon when beginning their careers, raises serious questions about the future of life science research. It is the purpose of this volume to present data about the trends and examine their implications.
Author : Austan Goolsbee,Benjamin F. Jones
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
Page : 259 pages
File Size : 53,6 Mb
Release : 2022-03-25
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : 9780226805450
A calculation of the social returns to innovation /Benjamin F. Jones and Lawrence H. Summers --Innovation and human capital policy /John Van Reenen --Immigration policy levers for US innovation and start-ups /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Scientific grant funding /Pierre Azoulay and Danielle Li --Tax policy for innovation /Bronwyn H. Hall --Taxation and innovation: what do we know? /Ufuk Akcigit and Stefanie Stantcheva --Government incentives for entrepreneurship /Josh Lerner.
Author : Caroline S. Wagner,Nurith Berstein
Publisher : RAND Corporation
Page : 74 pages
File Size : 41,7 Mb
Release : 1999
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN : UOM:39015042922214
Since 1993, U.S. government agencies have spent, on average, more than $100 million a year on research and development projects involving the participation of researchers from Canada and/or Mexico. These activities have been focused primarily on environmental, agricultural, and earth sciences, as well as biomedical and genetic research. The U.S. government's R&D relationship with these two countries, while having common scientific interests, differs in character: The R&D relationship with Canada has the quality of a partnership between equals. In contrast, the relationship with Mexico, while sound and growing, is not an equal exchange, being more formal and having more one-way transfer of information and assistance.
Author : National Research Council,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 300 pages
File Size : 52,7 Mb
Release : 1999-02-11
Category : Computers
ISBN : 9780309062787
The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it.
Author : Yonghong Wu
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 128 pages
File Size : 42,5 Mb
Release : 2020
Category : REFERENCE
ISBN : 3030187055
This book will expand the body of literature on capacity-building in science and improve public understanding of the issues regarding geographical concentration of federal research funding. The federal government has been the primary sponsor of academic research in the U.S., and the peer-review system has been the primary mechanism for distributing federal government funding for research among universities. The peer-review system ensures the production of the best science by funding the most capable researchers in the country. As a result, federal research funding has been concentrated in high-capacity states where many of the most capable researchers reside. Despite official action - such as the implementation of the Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR), which targets low capacity jurisdictions for federal funding - the amount of resources going to each state for research is highly uneven. This book provides recommendations on how to improve policy design and program implementation for better research capacity-building outcomes. The book lends itself to a wide audience, as it does not focus entirely on high-level statistical analysis, but will have specific appeal to researchers in science policy, federal budgeting and higher education policy.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Research Information Service
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 108 pages
File Size : 47,6 Mb
Release : 1928
Category : Endowment of research
ISBN : STANFORD:36105046416124
Author : Institute of Medicine,National Academy of Engineering,National Academy of Sciences,Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
Publisher : National Academies Press
Page : 210 pages
File Size : 49,7 Mb
Release : 2000-10-08
Category : Education
ISBN : 9780309069960
The concept of postdoctoral training came to science and engineering about a century ago. Since the 1960s, the performance of research in the United States has increasingly relied on these recent PhDs who work on a full-time, but on a temporary basis, to gain additional research experience in preparation for a professional research career. Such experiences are increasingly seen as central to careers in research, but for many, the postdoctoral experience falls short of expectations. Some postdocs indicate that they have not received the recognition, standing or compensation that is commensurate with their experience and skills. Is this the case? If so, how can the postdoctoral experience be enhanced for the over 40,000 individuals who hold these positions at university, government, and industry laboratories? This new book offers its assessment of the postdoctoral experience and provides principles, action points, and recommendations for enhancing that experience.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
Page : 260 pages
File Size : 55,7 Mb
Release : 2015-10-19
Category : Electronic
ISBN : 9789264239784
Science, technology and innovation – which foster competitiveness, productivity and job creation – are important mechanisms for encouraging sustainable growth.
Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.). Division of Science Resources Studies
Publisher : Unknown
Page : 84 pages
File Size : 43,7 Mb
Release : 1969
Category : Federal aid to research
ISBN : MINN:30000011026162